JavaScript: umsebenzi umsebenzi. Programming ulwimi JS

Ideas umxholo enamandla ukwenza web-IZIXHOBO aye kuba yinto eqhelekileyo. amaphepha ezimile noyilo templates Web ekugqibeleni kugqitywa umsebenzi wabo.

Noko ke, mihla web-resource akunyanzelekanga ukuba amelwe iseti amaphepha eveliswa iseva bese uvuselela isikhangeli (JS + Ajax).

wogcino Web-based ngalo mzuzu yokufika undwendwe inokuba eziliqela izihloko ze irekhodi, umbhalo kwi «intloko», imigca embalwa ikhowudi kwi «emzimbeni» kunye bonke. Ezinye 'uzale' kwinkqubo isivakashi - yinto ndawo enhle, okanye abanqwenela abe mnye.

Faka inkcazelo kunye nohlobo nemisebenzi

опыт, наработаный многими десятилетиями. JavaScript - oko ngamava narabotany eminyaka. It has a imbali ebalulekileyo yophuhliso, iqela abaqeqeshiweyo kwabayili abaphuhlisi mihla. kakuhle kolwimi Bacinge, ethembekileyo, ezintle yaye sinika ithuba ngokwenene abaphuhlisi ukuba ubhale ikhowudi ibe ophucukileyo kwaye self-ukuphucuka.

Ingcamango yokuba algorithm apha umsebenzi ungekho umgaqo. Kakade ke, umphuhlisi nga naphi kwiphepha ukufaka elishicilelwe ikhowudi bazibhala kuyo kwaye iza kubulawa. страницы? Kodwa yintoni na kwixesha ikhowudi, nto leyo esiqhutywa kanye kuphela: xa kulayishwa (ukulayisha) iphepha? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukucwangcisa amaxabiso kokuqala oko ezinye variables zingabalulekanga.

Okushicilelweyo - le ndawo nenkcazelo ilungelo izinto kunye nemisebenzi, kunokuba intwana elungileyo ye ikhowudi ebhaliweyo ngenxa yayo. It is a iseti imisebenzi ibalulekile yaye kubalulekile, mhlawumbi - eziwafaka ezifanayo ngqo, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi yinto eyahlukileyo. Indawo inkcazelo msebenzi kunye nendawo isicelo yayo ayikho into efanayo.

Akuyomfuneko ukuba umsebenzi uya kubiza omnye umsebenzi ngqo, kodwa oko kunokwenziwa ngokungangqalanga ngokuthi kwakhiwe ikhowudi olutshintshayo. A undwendwe kuthatha isigqibo ngaphakathi le khowudi kwaye isebenza imisebenzi inkqubo zahlukene.

okuhambisa ezisebenzayo

dynamics yokusetyenziswa - nje kuphela kwaye abaphatha kangaka eyabelwe izinto page imisebenzi eyenza iziqalelo phepha, kwaye ingene ngokukhawuleza, nathi, ungakwazi ukutshintsha.

Intshukumo lwenzeka kwiphepha, ngokuxhomekeke izakhi kunye nokuziphatha undwendwe kuyo. Movement le mouse, keyboard, amaqhosha, imisindo, iziganeko, izinto kunye nezinye iimeko kukhokelela nosungulo imisebenzi eyimfuneko.

Ekuqaleni akukho guquki kwaye akukho ngaxeshanye. Kukho impendulo eyaneleyo iziganeko web-resource. Indlela fast JavaScript ugcwalisa umsebenzi othile kuxhomekeke ezininzi zobugcisa (computer, imigca zonxibelelwano) kunye lwesemantiki (logic algorithm, kwisifundo, okuthetha ngxaki) izinto.

Entiyisweni kokuba Kungaphikiswa ukuba kukho into eye wasebenza ngaxeshanye, kodwa into iya emva into, kodwa intsingiselo yalo ekhethekileyo ayikho. Kubalulekile ukuba lo msebenzi JavaScript - lithuba lokuba ukudala lokusabela ngokwaneleyo izenzo umtyeleli.

Le ngcamango entsha zokuyilwa: isasazwa inkqubo ezinzulwini kumkhangeli enye!

Syntax for ezitshintshayo kunye nemisebenzi

JavaScript-variables ibekwa tag «script», kwaye kumzimba lo msebenzi. Imisebenzi zichazwa ngendlela efanayo. intsingiselo Special ukubhala ngaphakathi umsebenzi kukho omnye umsebenzi, kodwa kusenokuba yimfuneko ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, yaye oko kusengqiqweni.

Inkcazelo komsebenzi ngokubanzi luqala igama «umsebenzi», kulandele ngegama layo, uluhlu lwezimvo kwindawo yegama, ezahlulwe iikoma, kwaye umzimba umsebenzi kwi braces.

Kulo mzekelo, imisebenzi ezimbini zichazwa ukuba zinike Ajax-exchange phakathi page kunye neseva. Okunye scXHR ezichazwe ngasentla, ngenxa yokuba ifumaneka bobabini InitXML, yaye ngaphakathi WaitReplySC.

Igama umsebenzi and parameter "umsebenzi"

Kube sele thaca uguqulelo olungenangqamaniso xa JavaScript-umsebenzi umsebenzi kuthiwa emva kokuba impendulo umncedisi. Ngaloo ndlela, ukufumana impendulo esuka kumncedisi, WaitReplySC weposi onikeza tag page, Wawuzalisa ingcaciso efunyenweyo kwaye yenza neminye imisebenzi, nto leyo ungaqalisa kakuhle isicelo elilandelayo kumncedisi.

Apha ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba WaitReplySC - umsebenzi. scXHR.onreadystatechange = WaitReplySC она передается как параметр. Kodwa line scXHR.onreadystatechange = WaitReplySC ipasisiwe njenge parameter. Lo msebenzi transfer ulawulo jikelele kwezinye imisebenzi njenge parameters. izibiyeli ocacileyo waza wabanika iparameter (s) - umsebenzi uya ngoko nangoko ebulawa. Etha ngegama kuphela, ngokunjalo ke yintoni. umsebenzi leeFoni liza kwenza lowo got igama lakhe.

Ukusebenza ukusebenza nge Ajax, likuvumela ukuba abize umsebenzi JavaScript ngokusebenzisa data evela kwiseva. Enyanisweni, ngokuthumela isicelo kumncedisi, elinye okanye elinye osemqoka akuvumelekanga konke konke "uyazi" leyo isebenze ujika, yaye oko nolwazi.

umsebenzi phandle kwayo

Umzimba msebenzi, uyakwazi ukubhala naliphi na ishishini ulwimi, owathi, enyanisweni, kuba yona. iimpawu ngaphakathi izinto ezibhengeziweyo ngaphakathi nangaphandle, kodwa abo zichazwe eminye imisebenzi.

Ukuba ufuna umsebenzi abuyele ku yoko, ungasebenzisa i JavaScript kwingxelo ukubuya: ukubuya. Umzimba msebenzi inokuba inani elaneleyo zeengxelo ukubuya. Akuyomfuneko ukuba bonke bephela baya kubuya ngesiphumo yohlobo olufanayo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abaphuhlisi iziqu eli thuba kwaye, ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko, isigqibo ukuba lirhoxe umsebenzi ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Akukho mfuneko qhaqha yonke algorithm kwemisebenzi, xa ungafumana ekuqaleni.

umsebenzi iimpikiswano

Iimpikiswano zigqithiswe kuluhlu umsebenzi, wodwa ngeziphumlisi, afakwe kwindawo yegama, kwaye nje ngegama lakhe. Wempikiswano kusetyenziswa amagama ezahlukeneyo, kodwa unako kudlula amaxabiso ngqo. Kwathi umsebenzi JavaScript semsebenzini, kufuneka nje ukucacisa igama layo ngaphandle kwizibiyeli.

Ngaphakathi umsebenzi yi iingxoxo ezikhoyo iyaguquguquka, nto leyo eye ipropati ubude. Sikuncede nawuphi na umsebenzi ingxoxo ngokusebenzisa iingxoxo [0], iingxoxo [1], ... kwingxoxo yokugqibela [arguments.length-1].

Ukutshintsha umsebenzi argument ngenene ngaphakathi umsebenzi kodwa ingaphandle kuyo. Ukuze ukutshintsha into ngaphandle umsebenzi, iBhodi kufuneka asebenzise ukubuyela JavaScript, ngalo igqithe ixabiso efunekayo ngaphandle.

Emva kokuba umsebenzi akugqiba, konke oko ezinxulumene ukuphunyezwa kwayo, ziya kutshatyalaliswa. Ngexesha ukubulawa umsebenzi angalutshintsha izinto zangaphandle, ngaphandle kwezo zichazwe eminye imisebenzi, kuquka lawo elingaphakathi.

Thina ukuxabana impahla callee, ekuthi kujongwe ukuba kubiza umsebenzi into eyenziwa ngexesha elinikiweyo. Ukuba unobangela ngokwayo, inguqulelo JavaScript kwelo theko umsebenzi iza kuphumeza recursion.

ukusebenzisa imisebenzi

Inkxalabo iphambili misebenzi - ukuba ibhrawuza msitho. Ukwenza oku phantse yonke tag uyakwazi ukukhankanya igama isiganeko kunye umsebenzi woveliso wayo. Unga khankanya iziganeko ezininzi, kodwa isiganeko ngasinye kuboniswa umsebenzi omnye kuphela.

Omnye umsebenzi ingaphatha izinto page ezininzi kunye iziganeko ezimbalwa. Ngokusebenzisa «olu» khetho, unako ukudlulisela umsebenzi ulwazi apho kwathiwa.

Ukusetyenziswa ezaziwa JS-imisebenzi - ingene isiganeko kwi iziqalelo. Kulo mzekelo scfWecomeGo () umsebenzi okanye scfWelcomeCancel () wabizwayo waba ifomu igalelo / imveliso ye undwendwe, kwaye xa ukhethe indlela yokusebenza scfMenuItemClick (le).

Kwimeko yokugqibela, i parameter wegqitha ukuba «eli», nto leyo evumela ukuba ufunde ngokungummangaliso koko diva wabizwa. Eneneni, JavaScript ngokomgangatho ngoko ingenisa i DOM, yaye ngoko lula ikuvumela ukuba uzulazule izinto zayo, ukuqokelela ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuba iimfuno amaphepha kunokuba ukwazeka nje.

Umsebenzi akanayo ukubuyela umtya, inombolo, okanye ezinye umsebenzi. Inokuba ukubuyela olupheleleyo HTML-element, yaye sisiphi inani elifunekayo lweziqalelo, kunye nokusingatha zabo, iziganeko zazo.

Ngokubeka i element kwiphepha, umphuhlisi uyila ukusebenza omtsha okulungileyo ngokoMthetho yokusombulula ingxaki kumhlangabeza komdla iindwendwe, kodwa nzima malunga nokuphunyezwa.

Ukususela kuphuhliso loo esebenza ngokupheleleyo, kulula ukuba ulahlekile ikhowudi lomthonyama, kumsebenzi iminxeba, ngamaxesha xa kuyilwa okanye umxholo omnye okanye kwelinye iphepha. Ngaphambi kokuthatha myalelo yophuhliso, ningabaleli kakuhle ubunzima yonke into.

Kunikezo yokucinga

Umphuhlisi kufuneka ucinge kwinqanaba zonke iziqalelo page, kuyo yonke imicimbi, kwaye intshumayelo ngokucacileyo indlela yonke into eyenzekayo ngokwenene. Kunzima, kodwa msebenzi ubaluleke ngayo.

Ngo-JavaScript, umsebenzi kungalindiswa de isiganeko esithile, kunye neempawu ezo babe baninzi, kunye neziganeko anento ukusasaza size ke sisifikele "enkulu ukubonakala" le iziqhubekisi ezahlukeneyo.

Kulo mzekelo, kwindawo ethile phambi kokuba umsebenzi kwathiwa, nto leyo liqalise umba we menu Access iimboniselo zefayile. Kuthathwa Upeyijo, oko kukuthi kwi window iifayile nje ezisixhenxe, leyo zisuswe yaye alungiswa. Inga siwa njenge wefayile ngoku nqakraza kwi umqolo, kunye nezitshixo Utolo kunye neebhloko lemiqolo ezisixhenxe.

Kwimeko nganye umsebenzi walo. Ngamanye amazwi, kulo mzekelo elula, kufuneka ubhale isibini abantu abaninzi iifitsha uya kusabela kwiziganeko eziliqela, yaye ezinye zezi amatheko ziya ukusingatha iintlobo ngeentlobo iinketho kunye neemeko ukuba iziganeko ezingezozakhe.

Ngokomzekelo, xa ukhupha umgca osezantsi kufuneka indawo wobomi. Oku kuza kufuna nokuba wenze ukhetho elitsha ziqheleke yaye ngokucacileyo njengezinobutyebi, okanye ukubala imigca, ukusebenzisa umsebenzi javascript kwi uluhlu ukuze kuphunyezwe injongo ebukekayo.

Izizathu kunye neziphumo nemisebenzi

JavaScript ikuvumela ukuba ikhowudi imo "-mvo ngokupheleleyo". Ngesiqhelo, xa impikiswano lo msebenzi wenziwa umsebenzi. ukhetho avumelekile, umsebenzi ubuyisela umsebenzi. JavaScript alithathe kakhulu ngomoya.

Le yindlela elungileyo, kodwa kunokuba nzima ngokunxulumene nozalisekiso. Indlela kuvumelekile semantically ukunika "ezisebenzayo" transmission logic kuphela umqambi abaqeqeshiweyo.

Xa umsebenzi JavaScript semsebenzini - Kulungile, kodwa xa umsebenzi ivelisa umsebenzi, nokuba omnye, lo logic zicwadi kunzima kakhulu ukuyilandela. Enyanisweni, lo mbuzo ukuba ukusebenzisa izakhono, umbuzo kukufumana japan ekhuselekileyo kwaye ichanekile.

ukukhathalelwa Developer icacile kwaye ilula. Kukho ingxaki, kufuneka isisombululo, kungekhona bug efana «imposiso JavaScript umsebenzi lingakhuselekanga» , a blank ikhusi, okanye uyeke yonke injini browser.

Ukuba ingxabano na umsebenzi, ngoko umphuhlisi ukuba bapase okanye umahluko ngempahla ezizodwa, ukuba ayilo nani, kungekhona umtya, kungekhona into. Kodwa ke ukusetyenziswa ingxabano enjalo kungakhokelela ekubeni ukutshintsha izinto lwangaphandle kwaye isiphumo umsebenzi ukubulawa. Kuxhomekeka iinguqu eziya kuba eyaneleyo kwiCEMIS.

Ukwenziwa ikhowudi eyakhiwe

Ukusebenzisa ikhowudi abulawe eyenziwe ngexesha lomsebenzi enye yekhowudi, kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa «nga». Oku akuthathwa ukuba isisombululo esihle, kodwa ayikwazi nzima ikhowudi kunye nemisebenzi ezingeyomfuneko, kunye nokulawula ukuyilwa komgca engenamsebenzi lwekhowudi JavaScript kwaye aphumeze ngokulula.

Kulo mzekelo, i faka kwenziwa kwiteksti ukuya div operable ulwazi. Diva kunye nesiqulatho ulwazi ngenani ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ngokuba gwebo kule meko ayizi ukunika imeko ongakwazi «JavaScript Imposiso umsebenzi lingakhuselekanga» , kodwa ngokuqinileyo unike ifuthe elifunekayo.

Ezincinane JavaScript wenguqulo shift "function kwi umsebenzi"

Ukuba ungenza ngaphandle frills, kungcono ukuyisebenzisa. Zonke ezi iinketho ezilungileyo. Kakade ke, kwiimeko ezininzi, unokuphelisa kuphela.

Umzekelo ezaziwa recursion: impembelelo. Kunzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba abhale algorithm uya ngokwenzekayo, kodwa ke ilula kakhulu, ungenza tyhala amaxabiso yemvulophu. Impembelelo ikhula ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.

Noko ke, recursion, yaye umsebenzi ubiza omnye umsebenzi, nto leyo enokwenza sokufowunelwa enolwazi - izinto eziqhelekileyo.

Umzekelo, itafile rhoqo. Le enye itafile inokuba itafile. Yokwakha ayikwazi kuqingqwa. Bhala betafile ngalinye iseti yaso iimpawu - obutofotofo kakhulu.

Imizekelo enjalo baninzi, yaye konke oku kuya kuba yingxaki kakhulu kwaye sijongene nayo, kungekhona ngenxa kweenkqubo. Kungenxa yoko le ngxaki iza kuxhomekeka kukuba akukho-frills musa ungazimiseli simiso selitye yemisebenzi, ngakumbi ngqo, ukulungiswa kunye nokusebenza koko ethembekileyo uba ukhathalelo JavaScript, kunye Developer.