ASCII ikhowudi (American Standard ikhowudi yoTshintshiselwano ngoLwazi) - engundoqo encoding kwisicatshulwa ukuze alfabhethi Latin

Ngokutsho kwe International Telecommunication Union, ngo-2016 i-Internet kunye ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ukusebenzisa abantu ezintathu ezinesiqingatha billion rhoqo. Abaninzi kubo musa nokuba ucinge ukuba naziphi na imiyalezo ethunyelwe kubo nge kwiPC okanye izixhobo ezihambayo, kwakunye izicatshulwa eboniswe okubeka esweni iimviwo zonke iintlobo, enyanisweni, yintlanganisela 0 no 1. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba ukumelwa ekhowudiweyo ulwazi. Inika kwaye iququzelela ukuqaliswa ukugcinwa kwayo, ukusetyenzwa transmission. , Ngo-1963 livelise US ASCII ikhowudi sele, nto leyo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Ukunikwa ulwazi kwi computer

Ngokwemigaqo yawo nawuphi na ikhompyutha ngeletroniki okubhaliweyo yingqokelela loonobumba ngamnye. Phakathi kwabo nje incwadi, kuquka ikomkhulu, kodwa iimpawu zokubhala, amanani. Ukongeza, iisimboli ezizodwa zisetyenziswa "=", "&", "(" kunye izithuba.

A nobuninzi yeesimboli ezakha umbhalo, ebizwa alfabhethi, kunye nenombolo - amandla (zibonakaliswe njenge N). Ukuze ubone ibinzana N = 2 ^ b, apho b - inani ziikhowudi ulwazi okanye ubunzima uphawu ethile.

Kwakungqina ukuba amandla abalinganiswa 256 alfabhethi likuvumela ukuba zingenise zonke abalinganiswa eziyimfuneko.

Ukususela 256 i-8 degree ezimbini, ngoko ke ubunzima umlinganiswa ngamnye amasuntswana-8.

Iyunithi yokulinganisa amasuntswana 8 kuthiwa i-byte 1, ngoko ke sithi ukuba code yokubini naluphi na uphawu kwi okubhaliweyo agcinwe kwi computer yakho, ohlala enye byte lwe memory.

Njani na i encoding

Nakuphi na okubhaliweyo wangena kule PC ezizukulwaneni yezitshixo izitshixo, amanani apho aba kwababhalwayo wona, iileta, iimpawu zokubhala kunye nezinye iimpawu. In memory kokuba idluliselwe iqokelelwe kwikhowudi yokubini, oko kukuthi, umqondiso ngalinye izotywe kwi eziqhelekileyo ikhowudi wokugqibela umntu ukusuka ku-0 ukuya 255, nto leyo lihambisana code yokubini - .. Ukusuka 00000000 ukuya 11111111.

Byte uphawu encoding ivumela kumqhubekekisi owenza processing of itekisi, jonga umlinganiswa ngamnye ngokwahlukeneyo. Kwangaxeshanye, abalinganiswa 256 kwanele ukumela naluphi na ulwazi umlinganiswa.

Ikhowudi ASCII

Le abbreviation imela IsiNgesi American Standard ikhowudi yoTshintshiselwano ngoLwazi.

Kwanaxa ekuqaleni computerization, kwacaca ukuba unako ukuza ezahlukeneyo iindlela usebenzisa ikhowudi ulwazi. Noko ke, ukudlulisa ulwazi ukusuka kwenye ikhompyutha ukuya kwenye kwakufuneka ukuphuhlisa umgangatho omnye. Ngoko ke, ngo-1963 kwakukho ASCII-itheyibhile kwi US. Kuyo nayiphi na alfabhethi uphawu ikhompyutha unikwe inombolo ulandelelwano ukumelwa yokubini. Ekuqaleni, lo ASCII ikhowudi lisetyenziswa kuphela eUnited States, yaye kamva waba njengomgangatho ukuba PC.

itheyibhile yokuqulathiweyo

ASCII khowudi zahlulwe amalungu ama-2. umgangatho International ithathwa kuphela kwisiqingatha sokuqala itafile. Oku kuquka ikhowudi esuka ukulandelelana inani 0 (khowudi njengoko 00000000) ukuya 127 (ukhowudi 01111111).

Table encoding unobumba kunye oonobumba abakhulu nabancinci balandela omnye komnye ukuze alfabhethi kwaye amanani - amaxabiso inyuka. Lo mgaqo semva oonobumba Russian.

zokulawula

itheyibhile ASCII encoding sayilwa ngokweqobelo ngenxa ulwamkelo kunye nokusasazwa kolwazi kule ayisa esetyenziswa yi ifowuni teletype. Kulo mba, iqela lomsebenzi ziquka okungaprintwayo kusetyenziswa njengemiyalelo ukulawula ifowuni. Loo miyalelo zazisetyenziswa ezinjalo iindlela zemiyalezo pre-khompyutha ezifana ikhowudi worse, njalo njalo.

I 'teletype "uphawu iqhelekileyo i NUL (00" zero "). Yena isasetyenziswa nangoku ezininzi ngeelwimi udweliso, ebonisa umqondiso ekupheleni komgca.

Apho kusetyenziswa ASCII encoding

IKhowudi eMiselweyo yaseMelika kufuna kuphela keyboard yongeniso lokubhaliweyo. Ithi isetyenziswe kule tshathi. Ngokukodwa, i ASCII Art inkqubo Maker imifanekiso ibonisa kwakhona umehluko Izandiso spectrum ASCII uphawu encoding.

Ezi mveliso kuza kwiintlobo ezimbini: abahleli graphic enza umsebenzi ngokuguqula umfanekiso itekisi kwaye luguqula i "Izithombe" kwi ASCII-mifanekiso. Umzekelo, esaziwa ngumzekelo obalaseleyo Smiley Coding isimboli.

ASCII ingasetyenziswa xa kudalwa HTML uxwebhu. Kulo mzekelo, ungafaka iseti abalinganiswa kunye uphawu elivumelana le ikhowudi izakuvela xa ubonisela iphepha kwikhusi.

ASCII efunekayo ukuze kudalwe iziza iilwimi ezininzi, nemiqondiso musa asisiso itheyibhile kazwelonke ethile, indawo ASCII-khowudi.

ezinye iimpawu

Uku encoder ulwazi itekisi ASCII esasifudula amasuntswana-7 (namnye engenanto), kodwa namhlanje yena usebenza njenge-bit 8.

Oonobumba, apho ibekwe columns ngasentla yaye ngezantsi, kwahluka enye kuphela kancinci elinye. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu ukuntsonkotha kovavanyo.

ASCII isicelo Microsoft Office

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, olu hlobo lolwazi encoding itekisi ingasetyenziswa kwi kubahleli kokubhaliweyo ngu-Microsoft, ezifana Notepad, kunye neLizwi Office. Noko ke, xa uchwetheza kulo mzekelo, awukwazi ukusebenzisa imisebenzi ethile. Umzekelo, uya kukwazi ukwenza ngqindilili njengoko ASCII umlinganiswa igcina kuphela intsingiselo yolwazi, ngoyaba ukwakheka kwalo jikelele ifomu.

komgangatho

Lo mbutho lamkele ISO standard ISO 8859. Eli qela ichaza i encoding bit ezisibhozo-ngokuba ngamaqela athetha iilwimi ezahlukileyo. Ngokukodwa, ISO 8859-1 - i ASCII esandisiweyo, nto leyo itafile eUnited States neNtshona yeYurophu. A ISO 8859-5 - yitafile ezisetyenziselwa oonobumba besiCyrillic, kubandakanywa ulwimi Russian.

Ngenxa yezizathu Ngokwembali ISO 8859-5 isetyenziselwa ixesha elifutshane.

Ngokuba ulwimi Russian ngalo mzuzu osetyenziswa encoding:

• CP866 (Code Page 866), okanye DOS, nto leyo edla ngokuthi imithi encoding GOST. Ku ngenkuthalo kusetyenziswa de yee-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela. Okwangoku, phantse asisetyenziswa konke.
• Koi-8. Coding yaphuhliswa 1970-80s, yaye ngalo mzuzu kuba umgangatho ofanayo imiyalezo ye-imeyl ku RuNet. Lisetyenziswa kwi intsapho OS Unix, kuquka Linux. "Russian" inguqulelo ngamaKoi-8, ebizwa koi-8R. Ukongeza, kukho iinguqulelo zezinye iilwimi besiCyrillic ezifana Ukrainian.
• Ikhowudi Page 1251 (CP 1251, Windows - 1251). Developed by Microsoft ukunika inkxaso ulwimi Russian kwimeko-bume Windows.

Inzuzo ephambili CP866 standard yokuqala ukulondoloza abalinganiswa pseudo-graphic kwi kwizikhundla efanayo kwi ASCII esandisiweyo. Oku kukuvumela ukuba usebenzise umbhalo ingaguqukanga yale program, imveliso amazwe, ezifana odumileyo Norton Commander. Ngelo xesha CP866 isetyenziswa eziyilelwe Windows, leyo zisebenza ngokupheleleyo-screen view okubhaliweyo okanye iibhokisi zeetekisi, kuquka kuMphathi KUTHI GA NGOKU.

iitekisi Computer ebhalwe CP866 encoding, esandula abasakwazi inqabile, kodwa isetyenziselwa efayile Russian kwi "Vindous".

"Unicode"

Okwangoku, obanzi kakhulu le encoding. Codes "Unicode" ebaleni. Eyokuqala (ukususela 0000 ukuya U + U + 007F) ibandakanya isethi ASCII abalinganiswa kunye neekhowudi. Ilandelwa yi abalinganiswa entsimini iincwadi ezahlukeneyo kazwelonke, kwakunye iziphumlisi neempawu zobugcisa. Ngaphezu koko, yinxalenye ikhowudi "Unicode" ligcinwe kwimeko imfuneko ukuquka abalinganiswa ezintsha kwixesha elizayo.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba ASCII mlinganiswa ngalinye uchazwa indibanisela zero-8 kunye nabo. Nje, le nkcazelo ukuze kubonakale ezingeyomfuneko yaye ingabangeli, kodwa ufuna ukwazi oko kwenzekayo "ebuchotsheni" ye computer yakho?!