Izixhobo, mazifakwe kwi-iprosesa: inkcazo imisebenzi

Namhlanje, emakhayeni uninzi abemi amazwe uye iikhompyutha eziliqela kwakunye iipilisi kunye nezinye izixhobo mobile. I 'Intliziyo "nokuba umqhubekekisi (CPU okanye CPU). Yena isakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo. Ukuze siqonde indlela PC, ufanele wazi ukuba yinxalenye kumqhubekekisi.

Injongo nemisebenzi

Phambi ukuhlola izixhobo ukuba yinxalenye CPU, ufanele wazi ukuba yintoni na ukuba. Ngoko ke, i CPU - PC isixhobo engundoqo. ukuqeshwa kwakhe - is:

• ukulawula ukusebenza computer ngokulandela inkqubo kunikwa;
• ukwenza ingcaciso imisebenzi.

Izixhobo, iqukwe iprosesa

Okwangoku, i-CPU a IC chip okhethekileyo.

Izixhobo, mazifakwe kwi-iprosesa - is:

• ubhalise;
• imemori;
• kunye needilesi data ibhasi;
• Alu (unit logic arithmetic);
• izibalo prosesa.

babhalise

Le block benkumbulo iiseli eyenza imemori ultra-fast ngaphakathi CPU. Oku kusetyenziswa ngayo yaye ayifumaneki badwelisi benkqubo. umthamo imemori kuphela amakhulu ambalwa bytes.

iirejista CPU zahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini: injongo jikelele kunye ezizodwa.

Iirejista lohlobo 1 asetyenziswa xa kubulawa logic ukusebenza imisebenzi kunye yokalo emileyo-uhlobo okanye ezinye iiseti umyalelo, ezifana SSE, MMX, njalo-njalo.

Iirejista yohlobo yesibini iqulethe iinkcukacha inkqubo efunekayo ukuze ukusebenza kumqhubekekisi. Ezi ziquka iirejista zokulawula, iidilesi inkqubo, lwenye njalo njalo. Ukufikelela kuzo kulawulwa ngokungqongqo.

Ngaphezu koko, izixhobo ezifana imalunga counter inkqubo equlathe idilesi umyalelo ukuphumeza i CPU izakuqhubeka kumjikelo olandelayo yokusebenza.

imemori yecache

Izixhobo, zifakiwe kumqhubekekisi, kakhulu zahlukene. Ezi ziquka i cache. It is a scratchpad. Injongo ukusetyenziswa kwayo - kukhawulezisa PC yakho. Ukuze benze oku, ufikelelo CPU imemori lukhangelwe kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba idatha afunwayo cache zigcinwa. Ukulungiselela le njongo, uthelekise idilesi uza ungacelwa zentsulungeko lonke tag efihlakeleyo, apho kunokugcinwa i data. Kufana ithegi efihlakeleyo umgca kuthiwa hit (cache hit). Kwimeko malunga efihlakeleyo esisigxina miss. Cache hit ivumela kumqhubekekisi ukuba nangoko ukuvelisa ukufunda okanye ukubhala i data ngokuhambelana tag ofanayo. Cache umlinganiselo ukusebenza ngenxa algorithm ekhethiweyo (inkqubo) lulwahlulo inani udavshihsya efihlakeleyo hit kwinani elipheleleyo lezicelo kwimemori iprosesa, ekuthiwa iziphumo elinganiselwe.

Alu

Nangona ezinye izixhobo zibandakanyiwe kwi kumqhubekekisi babe inkumbulo yayo, i-Alu i iziqalelo udityaniso yesekethe ekhethekileyo ngaphandle kwinkumbulo yakhe. Injongo yayo kukuba kubetheleleke imisebenzi ebalulekileyo processing data:

• 2 ifumana we- input-2 (contents of irejista 2 njalo njalo.);
• ivelisa yaye ovelisa isiphumo operation.

It iqulathe ekwenzeni iseti imisebenzi elula lokubala eliguqukayo (AO), yahlulwe yaba ziindidi ezi-3 eziphambili: logic, izibalo kunye imisebenzi ziintanda. Njengoko - inkqubo lweenkcukacha (ukuthabatha, ukudibanisa, uphinda-phindo okanye ulwahlulo), kwiimpikiswano kunye isiphumo nenika amanani. Baya yahlukile imisebenzi ubhalo. ke bona abaziqondanga iinkqubo zokwenza ukwakhiwa kweengxelo entsonkothileyo (KUNYE, HAYI, OKANYE).

unit logic arithmetic ibandakanya kweerejista logic ulawulo kunye lweliso lerhamba. It isebenza ngokungqinelana kunye neekhowudi ze-imisebenzi eyenziwa ku yezahlukileyo ezibekwe kwiirejista.

idilesi kunye data ibhasi

Ezi zixhobo yinxalenye kumqhubekekisi, ngaba isethi ngababhexeshi. Eyokuqala kwezi yenzelwe ukudluliselwa memory uzithetha apho ukuthumela idatha. Kuba nganye bona ezidluliselwa 1 bit. Siyafana nenombolo eyodwa kwintetho. Ukwandisa inani ababhexeshi ezisetyenziswayo ukwenza iidilesi, oko kusenza ukuba bamakishe iiseli ezingaphezulu. imigca yesuntswana chaza inani eliphezulu imemori oluno iyaziseka kumqhubekekisi.

Ukuba ibhasi data wafanisa yemoto kwaye ukuqwalasela amandla alo kunye nenani iindledlana, ngoko ke idilesi ibhasi enxulumene inani ezitalatweni okanye izindlu. Inani lemigca yayo Ndikulinganise inani lamasuntswana (abalinganiswa) kwigumbi endlwini. Ngoko ke, ukuba ingaba ziingxaki anazo lamasuntswana ngaphezu ezimbini lokugqibela, inani amalungiselelo kwayo amanani amakhaya indlu kwisitalato ethile ayikho ngaphezulu kwe-100 (m. E. 102). Xa inani enamanani-3 iidilesi kunokwenzeka inyuswe ukuya 103.

idilesi Bus kunye data ezizimeleyo, kunye nababhekisi phambili chipset bakhetha bit kwabo wena ngokwakho. Ngelo xesha ngaphezu data ibhasi amasuntswana ngakumbi, kokukhona kubo kunye nedilesi ibhasi. umthamo wazo - isalathisi ubunakho iprosesa ethile. Ngokukodwa, isakhono kumqhubekekisi ibhasi kwi data ulwazi lonaniso emiselwe kuyo, kwaye bit idilesi umgca ibonisa inkumbulo, kunye apho kunokuthi ukusebenza.

izibalo prosesa

Ukuqhubeka ukuhlola ukuba inxalenye CPU yekhompyutha, kuyimfuneko kukuthi amagama ambalwa malunga nale fowuni. Kujongwe ukuba ukwandisa iimpawu CPU nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo apho imodyuli kuthiwa-iziqhubekisi lencopho-yokudada ezingenawo imvume ehlanganisiweyo umnqongo.

Math prosesa ayikho phakathi iziqalelo mandatory ye-PC, kwaye unako it up. Ngaphambili, abalimi abaninzi ezifunyenweyo ngokusekelwe imiba yoqoqosho.

Nangona kunjalo, xa usombulula iingxaki ezifuna zokubala ezininzi izibalo (yobalo zenzululwazi okanye engineering), kwafuneka ukuba ukusombulula lo mbuzo yokunyusa yokusebenza PC.

Ukuba phambi kokuba izibalo iimodyuli prosesa efakwe kwi motherboard njenge chip eyahlukileyo, xa iiPC mihla ukusetyenziswa kule fowuni kule fomati asifuneki, njengoko ngaphambili elakhelwe CPU.

Ezinye izixhobo PC

computer Personal - yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kwaye lisebenza kakuhle.

Zonke izixhobo kunokwenzeka ukuba benze uluhlu ikhompyutha kumagama ambalwa akunakwenzeka.

Ukongeza kumqhubekekisi, i-PC nayo iquka:

• a motherboard kunye isinxibelelanisi ohlanganisa CPU;
• drives hard kunye disk floppy drives ;
• supply amandla;
• RAM;
• drives CD-DVD drives;
• unxibelelwano (ichweba) kwizixhobo ezongeziweyo, njalo njalo.

Ngaphezu koko, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo peripheral, ezifana:

• mouse computer;
• keyboard;
• microphone;
• izithethi njalo njalo.

Ngoku uyazi ukuba zonke izixhobo kunokwenzeka ukuba yinxalenye ye computer - iyinxalenye yenkqubo oluntsonkothileyo, nelawulwa kumqhubekekisi. indima yayo ayikwazi nembeko, njengoko umsebenzi PC ixhomekeke imisebenzi yawo eqhelekileyo. Okwangoku, iingcali ukuqikelela ukuba kwiminyaka engamashumi ukuza iziqhubekisi eziphathekayo enziwe iinguqu ezibalulekileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-nkqubo iya kuba lixesha, endaweni uya kuza ikhompyutha yesiqhelo quantum, bemvelo njalo njalo. Computers.