Izitena eludongeni: wamatye zenza

Ithayile njenge izinto zokwakha eyaziwa ngokuba ixesha elide kakhulu. Ukuphawulwa ingafunyanwa eBhayibhileni, xa amabali amaxesha emva koMkhukula Omkhulu.

Ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ngezitena kugxile kakhulu kwimbali, kulo naliphi na ilizwe, kukho ezininzi izakhiwo ezinjalo eyayiphila kwiminyaka eliqela. Kukho indlu ixesha elide, wakha iminyaka 150 okanye 200 eyadlulayo. Brick sisoloko izinto zokwakha kakhulu ezifanelekileyo kwaye ethandwa ehlabathini.

Yintoni na ke wayethanda le nto abakhi? ezinye izinto ezicacileyo yalo zingahlukaniswa.

amandla

Le isakhiwo esisetyenziselwa brand ngezitena M100, M125, M150, M175. index Digital emva kokuba oonobumba ibonisa amandla yaye ucebisa ukuba olu hlobo ukumelana umthwalo 100, 125, 150, 175 kg / cm ^2. Brand M100 ngokufanelekileyo ukwakhiwa izindlu ezinde kunye nemigangatho-3.

iyahlala

Indlu, nto leyo eye a nice lwezitena elingqingqwa iindonga ingaphandle ezakhiwe ngezinto zokwakha ezisemgangathweni yaye ngokutsho izindlu imithetho, akanako ukuma ngaphezu kwekhulu.

imvelo

Ukubunjwa yezitena zizinto zendalo ezo ayiqulathanga ubumdaka yingozi - udongwe, isanti, amanzi. Naye nomoya, "umoya," yaye akafuni ukubola.

Nsimbi, sobuhle

Ubungakanani izitena nobugcisa ingqokelela Ziqulethe iiprojekthi zokwakha kakhulu nobuganga obukwanjalo. Individual indlu yezitena iza kukunika ukusuka nokwahluka kwenu.

frost ngamachiza

amava olubanzi kusetyenziso zokwakha ngezitena kunye nokuvavanywa kwimimandla zemozulu ezahlukileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba le nto siyakwazi ukumelana eliphezulu iqabaka, nto leyo uchongwe yi F25, F35, F50.

Digital Index ubonisa mali ukuqanda thawing le isitena nakwimo befumile emanzini, emveni koko luqala utshintsho vuhlayiseki.

ukhuseleko lomlilo

Izitena - izinto ezingatshiyo kunye nemigangatho ezibalaseleyo kunye nemimiselo umlilo, kwaye Ebubanzini iindonga zendlu ngezitena akayi kuvumela umlilo isasazeka ukusuka kwigumbi ukuya egumbini.

soundproofing

Brick kuyinto material elungileyo ubushushu, ingcono kakhulu iinkuni; iipanele eziphathekayo. Ebubanzini bodonga kwindlu yezitena likhuselwe kakuhle ukusuka ingxolo esitratweni.

I minimum Ebubanzini bodonga

Enye iimpawu eziphambili zezindlu ngezitena - udonga ubukhulu. Ubungakanani isitena aqhelekileyo yodongwe yi 250h120h65 mm. imithetho yokwakha ukuze ukumisela Ebubanzini bodonga yi impinda-12 (isiqingatha ubude yezitena).

Kubonakala ukuba Ebubanzini bodonga silingana:

• nenxenye-lwezitena - 120 mm;
• izitena mnye - 250 mm;
• nenxenye-lwezitena - 380 mm (10 mm idityaniswe Ebubanzini edibeneyo phakathi eziteneni);
• neebhloko ezimbini - 510 mm (10 mm kufuphi nokuhlangana kwayo);
• ezimbini isitena nesiqingatha - 640 mm.

Ngemilinganiselo efanayo yokwakha achaze ngokucacileyo ubukhulu Ubuncinane ndaxheleka emphefumlweni. Kufuneka sibe uluhlu 1/20 ukuya 1/25 ye ukuphakama komgangatho. Simple ukubala ibonisa, ukuba kumgangatho 3 eemitha ukuphakama, Ebubanzini bodonga kufuneka ubuncinane 150 mm. Izitena udonga lwayo ubukhulu lingaphantsi kwe-150 mm, ifanele izahlulelo elula lwangaphakathi.

ukuthwala engaphandle zodaka

Amandla kunye nozinzo wesakhiwo ukunika iindonga zangaphandle. Zibizwa abathwali kuba bonke babelane umthwalo ebambeleyo kwi sakhiwo. Bayasithwala banomngeni zinonxibelelwano, kungona iindonga, uphahla, umthwalo zokusebenza (ifanitshala, izinto, abantu) kunye nekhephu.

Kwindawo yokuqala nayiphi na wamatye ezi iimbombo sakhiwo. Ngamnye kubo osentabeni (eyenziwe ngezitena engile uhambelana nkqo nezamazembe wesakhiwo). Corner icebo lisingisa 6-8 series. Kwiimbombo iindonga lwangaphandle kucetyiswa linyanzelisa metal Igridi ucingo sangqa 6 mm. Ke phakathi beacons ekupheleni aphezulu eludongeni ngezitena angasolula twine, nto leyo ibonisa isakhiwo asi engaphandle. Ukususela omnye beacon kwenye ukwakha kuqhutywa, ububanzi beendonga iquka umphandle, embilwini ophakathi, nto leyo izaliswe ubushushu okanye enye butyat eziphathekayo. Brick Wall ifakwe umhlabelo, emva imiqolo emithathu okanye emihlanu lozhkovyh kufuneka bonder enye. Kukho amacebo amaninzi sokunikela izitena. Kuxhomekeka umyalelo wesiphaluka lokukhwelisa kwaye bonder imikrozo ingahluka. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo le seams, kufuneka ukuba zibekwe enye ngezantsi enye ngasentla. Ngoncedo iihafu neekota ze isitena lula ukuba bayeke yokuxazulula kuthelekiswa kumqolo ongezantsi. Emva kokufaka imiqolo eziliqela kwinqanaba eludongeni nkqo ikhangelwe ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphazamiseka iinqwelo-moya ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo ezonakalisa imbonakalo ubuhle weso sakhiwo.

Ububanzi yenethiwekhi izitena eludongeni ekhethiweyo kwi ngokususela izowuni imozulu, iimpawu kwindalo kunye izakhono alo. Kodwa naziphi na izibalo kufuneka bungabi ngaphantsi kwe-380 mm (clutch "kwi kwisiqingatha-lwezitena"). Kwimimandla esemantla ukwandisa ngokubanzi Ebubanzini ukuya kwi-510 mm, kwaye nkqu ukuya ku-640 mm.

Ukunciphisa umthwalo phezu kodonga isiseko lula ukwakhiwa kweendonga umphandle walala yezitena. Yenza amaziko okuqinileyo ayikho inzuzo, kuba kubiza imali eninzi kwaye kunciphisa kubume wokhuseleko thermal.

udonga elana

Amaxesha amaninzi sebenzisa iteknoloji apho wamatye lwenziwa amaqula idivayisi. Umele kweendonga ezimbini yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye nenye kwi 140-270 mm mandatory tubal series 650-1200 yonke mm. Amaqula azele zokwambathisa phakathi wamatye kunye ukugangatheka enyanzelekileyo. Oku kunokuba okulula eziphathekayo, SLAG, udongwe zandiswa, kwimbuphu yesarha njalo njalo. Xa zisetyenziswa 10-15% sikhuselwe thermal lwesakhiwo ukunyuka.

Le ukwambathisa kakhulu ngempumelelo amagwebu. ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunciphisa Ebubanzini bodonga mm ukuya kwi-290 (120 mm + izitena amagwebu izitena-50 mm + 120 mm). Kodwa ukuba sihambe equleni 100 mm ububanzi (ngokuba iileya ezimbini amagwebu eDibanisa okuninzi kunye beentanda zidlulela), ezifana conductivity elingana oshushu eludongeni eqhubekayo uya ngokubekwa 640 mm zamafu. Izitena udonga lwayo ubukhulu 290 mm Kufuneka okugunyaziswe iigridi emi 5.

Ukuze wenze izindlu ukhululeke ngakumbi, amalungiselelo ezisongwayo eyongezelelweyo evela ngaphandle okanye ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo. amagwebu apha ezifanelekileyo istro, istro alephuze amagwebu, uboya izimbiwa kunye nezinye izinto ezithambileyo okanye nzima. Ngezi ukhuseleko thermal lungandiswa kwi-100%.

iindonga ukulayisha-othwala yangaphakathi

ubude isakhiwo okanye ububanzi ngaphezu ezintlanu ezinesiqingatha icala elide ezahlulwe sisithuba zangaphakathi ngeendonga ezixhasayo. Iveza ukuthwala ngoomatshini isakhiwo ekubhalwe okanye Coatings.

Ububanzi beendonga angaphakathi isitena lingaphantsi kwe-umphandle kuba ingakufuni yokugquma, kodwa hayi ngaphantsi kwe-250 mm (wamatye "izitena"). Zonke iindonga umthwalo-ngokuzala, kwaye umphandle nomphakathi, ukuba ahlanganiswe ukwenza, kunye isiseko kunye kuphahla isakhiwo single - amathambo sakhiwo. Yonke imithwalo esebenza kubume iya kusasazwa ngokulinganayo phezu ndawo. Designated zikhwela iimazi iindonga yangaphandle nangaphakathi, okanye eyahlukileyo yandisa enemingxuma unyanzeliso imiqolo 5 izitena. Izahlulelo awahlutha ngaphantsi kwe-510 mm ububanzi kwaye Kwandenza. Ukuba ufuna ukubeka engenazintsika, njengokuba iintendelezo zineentsika, icandelo izakhiwo kufuneka ubuncinane 380h380 mm (clutch "kwi kwisiqingatha-lwezitena"). Kwakhona kwaqinisa wire imiqolo 3-6 mm 5 nokuphakama wamatye.

septa

Ezi Iindonga ukuvelisa ukwahlulwa lommandla isithuba kwiindawo ezinkulu. Ekubeni izahlulelo azikho umthwalo-ngokuzala, yaye alichatshazelwa siso nasiphi na umthwalo ngaphandle ubunzima bayo, ngoko ungakhetha Ebubanzini kodonga isitena ezikulungele ngakumbi kumaziko.

Izahlulelo 120 mm (wamatye "kwi kwisiqingatha-lwezitena") ngokusisiseko amalungiselelo phakathi amagumbi, izindlu zangasese. Ukuba kufuneka ukwahlula indawo yokugcina uhlobo egumbini elincinane, kukho ndazibeka 65 mm udonga ubukhulu (wamatye "buthelezi"). Kodwa ulwahlulo kufuneka kuqiniswe ngocingo-3 mm yonke imiqolo 2-3 amaziko kwi ubude, ukuba ubude bayo kweemitha ngaphezu kwesinye enesiqingatha.

Ukuququzelela ngokobunzima ukunciphisa umthwalo ezindongeni eluphahleni eyenziwe ngezitena ezibuhlazarha okanye misindo yodongwe.

A isisombululo wamatye

Ukuba iindonga wamatye ngaphandle kokuba "phantsi ukusombulula intsinda-badala", ngoko ke umgangatho ubume kunye yesicelo esilungileyo yezisombululo ixhomekeke nezamkelekileyo iza kukhangeleka njani ndaxheleka emphefumlweni. Ububanzi beentanda kufuneka abe efanayo yonke indawo, yaye kufuneka uzalise ngokupheleleyo Unokukuthuthuzela ayivumelekanga. Isisombululo kufuneka ilungiswe phambi kokuqalisa umsebenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwisithuba seeyure ezimbini. Ductility yongeza udongwe, lekalika okanye naziiperile yintlama.

Ukuze usebenzise tye welds Ebubanzini mm-10 ukuya kwi-15, kuba nkqo - ukusuka mm-8 ukuya 10.

Ngexesha ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ngezitena kufuneka bazi ukuba nayiphi na ukutenxa kule projekthi kungakhokelela ekubeni imiphumo engalindelekanga kamva. Uzinzo namandla beendonga wamatye ngokuzala ngokulula lincitshiswe ukuba:

• ukunciphisa ubukhulu wabo;
• ukwandisa ukuphakama kwawo;
• ukwandisa le ndawo okanye inani apertures;
• ukunciphisa ububanzi izahlulelo phakathi Ekungeneni;
• amalungiselelo ezindongeni okanye imijelo crespo olongezelelweyo;
• sebenzisa ukudlulela onzima.

Brick udonga ubukhulu nesingaphantsi kuyilo kufuneka kuqiniswe ngakumbi.

Lonke utshintsho kule projekthi kufuneka lwenziwe ziingcali, akuyi ungenza ukwenza oku wedwa.

Eyakhiwe ngezitena na inzuzo ecacileyo, uwafake ezizibeni kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngaphezu izindlu nayiphi na enye into. Kwenziwa ngokungqinelana iprojekthi yokuqala, bona babe nendlela yabo kunye nomtsalane. Kwaye le yindlela elungileyo kutyalomali yaye lokuguqula impahla kwinzala ilifa.