Cross test

cross Test - a umnqamlezo-ukufuya abantu hybrid kunye analyzer okhethekileyo. Njengoko i analyzer ekhethwe homozygous, phawu ogama sofuzo lwabonakala phenotype. cross Test zazisetyenziswa yezityalo namantshontsho yemfuza ukugqiba kweejini.

Njengoko yaziwa, ngokungqinelana nemithetho yemfuza, kunye sofuzo lobuntu monohybrid umnqamlezo awufumaneki kwi sizukulwana sokuqala. In kwisizukulwana yesibini, yena kubonakala kuphela kwenye-elinesithandathu ngamnye. phawu sofuzo igcinwa kwi kweejini isizukulwana yokuqala ngabantu, kodwa akayi kuwabonisa ngaphandle kwayo. Ngoko ke, isizukulwana ngasinye wokuqala ukuba kweejini sofuzo, phenotype ayahlukanga ukusuka leesampulu monohybrid ukuba uphawu lubalaseleyo. cross Test ijolise ukufumana ulwazi malunga ubukho okanye ukungabikho uphawu sofuzo kwi kweejini.

Cinga indlela yokufumanisa ukuba kweejini ye iimpukane ngamnye hina. umbala Gray i phawu lubalaseleyo ngokunxulumene imibala emnyama yomzimba yayingooqongqothwane. Eziphilayo osibonayo Impukane nozithobela omnyama nokuvavanya nenzala ngenxa. Ukuba bonke abantu imibala gray, bafunda iimpukane ke zimbini kuphela kweejini. Ukuba isiqingatha iimpukane onesiphumo imibala emnyama, kunokwenzeka ukuba Ukuthelekelela phambi uphawu sofuzo.

Nge ukubalasela engaphelelanga of kweejini ngamnye ingqinelana ukuya phenotype zabo. Ukuze ubone ukuba ingaba na aba ngamnye atyikitye ngenxa yokonganyelwa ezingaphelelanga okanye uphawu self ebekwe phantsi zemfuza, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqhuba umnqamlezo uvavanyo. Ukuba lesiphumo uchaphazelekayo sisiphumo yokonganyelwa ezingaphelelanga, ngoko kuya kuba ngakumbi 'isiphithiphithi' yakhe kwento analyzer sofuzo. Ukuba thengi uzimele, iya kudluliselwa ayitshintshanga bonke abantu, ukuba uvavanyo ndlovu na homozygous, okanye abanye abantu, ukuba heterozygous. Umzekelo, ukuba ekudibaneni iintyatyambo epinki nomhlophe ndikunike pink ukukhanya, kukho ukukhonya ayiphelelanga. Ukuba yonke kwaqanjwa umyalelo wokuqala kufuneka iintyatyambo pink, ngoko olu phawu sidityaniswe kwi allele ezizimeleyo kunye lubalaseleyo phezu emhlophe. Kulo mzekelo, umntu lowo homozygous uphando. Ukuba yinxalenye ngxilimbela ilifa umbala elipinki ngayo iintyatyambo, kwaye enye inxalenye sisasazwa emhlophe, pink luphawu an, elibalaseleyo, umntu uphando oluzimeleyo uthwele kweejini zombini imiqondiso.

Ukuziqhelisa, ukuba ukujonga kweejini alusoloko ngokwaneleyo ukuze benze emnqamlezweni uvavanyo. Umzekelo ophantsi udidi ngaphandle ukuze kuchazwe njengomnye ezintathu iindlela nonallelic gene intsebenziswano: epistasis, iipholima okanye complementarity.

Xa epistasis wabona enye allelic sibini zofuzo zinganakwa zofuzo ngaphandle esinye isibini allelic. Suppressors okuthwala phawu zombini lubalaseleyo kunye sofuzo. Ngenxa epistasis kwi ekudibaneni abantu homozygous ngeentyatyambo ezibomvu (zimbini) kunye nabantu homozygous ngeentyatyambo ezimhlophe (phawu sofuzo) kwisizukulwana lokuqala ibhastile nto baya utyala kuphela ezibomvu, kwaye eyesibini - 3/4 ibhastile nto iya kuba umbala obomvu, 3 / 16 - ezimhlophe kunye 1/16 ilifa bathi ezinye alleles (umz, otyheli).

umzekelo olandelayo ukucacisa izenzo le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa Polymer. Iintyatyambo ziqulathe alleles eziliqela heterozygous ethwele iimpawu obomvu (ephezulu) kunye (sofuzo) imibala ezinamagqabi ezimhlophe. Le ngxilimbela ngaphezulu isizukulwana yesibini ngabantu sofuzo, imbali mhlophe. Phambi alleles ngamnye njenge phawu lubalaseleyo kunye, okanye ngaphandle, kuyabonakala ukuba wabona into phakathi le miqondiso. Ekumiseleni kweejini ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo cross Polymer edidekile lula ukubalasela ayiphelelanga.

Xa complementarity zofuzo nonallelic intw 'enye kunye negalelo ukunceda ukwakha uphawu entsha.