Iziko kwimbali of St. Petersburg: inkcazo kunye photo. UNESCO World Heritage Sites

Ukohluka of St. Petersburg bokwakha lawo, ubuntu bayo ezomeleleyo. Akumangalisi iziko imbali St. Petersburg yinxalenye UNESCO lemveli luphela.

Esi sixeko uselula esisityebi kakhulu kwimbali, ukuba kuya kuba yanele izixeko ezininzi. Yaba ikomkhulu omkhulu Russian uBukhosi, apho iziganeko zenzeka, echaphazela kuphela lizwe kodwa ehlabathini ngokubanzi. Iziko eyimbali amangcwaba St. Petersburg ukuya amangqina.

Imbali ukwakhiwa komzi

Buyela ngo-1703 kwi-siqithi endaweni yokuzahlula komlambo Neva phezu sleeves-2 - Big amaNcinane Neva - yasekwa St. Petersburg inqaba, ukwakhiwa ogama kuthwalelwa phandle ngokukhawuleza, njengoko imfazwe yayitsala, naphezu kunxweme Gulf of Finland yayifanele ukuba bafumane zintshula nangayiphi na indlela.

Imigxobhozo lwanciphisa ukwakhiwa iindonga nqaba wabulala amawaka abantu, hayi ezinzileyo umgudu ngokugqithiseleyo emzimbeni kunye neemeko abasebenza nzima. Ekwakheni eyadini izakhiwo zokuqala ngamaplanga kwakhiwa: ibandla St Peter noPawulos, iNdlu yeeNgwevu, arsenal kunye ekhemesti enkulu. Phantse 300 iminyaka ongakanani kwezi ndawo baba oko iqukiwe iziko imbali St. Petersburg.

Emva kweminyaka 3 kweendonga yokomba ngcembe indawo ilitye, owathatha phantse-35 iminyaka. Ekuqaleni, uPetros ndabawela isixeko ngokupheleleyo ekudibaneni umjelo, elandela umzekelo yaseVenice, kodwa ukwakhiwa waya kwezinye izicwangciso bokwakha. In imiphantsi St. Petersburg mihla abahlala% 10 kuphela kule ndawo, apho malunga ne-300 km.

St. Petersburg kwakhona inama iibhulorho zayo, nto leyo ngaphezu kwe-300 ezohlukeneyo ngobukhulu neentlobo. Ukukhulisa, umzi ngcembe fumene iimpawu eyaziwa kakuhle namhlanje, St Petersburg.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, ziindwendwe izikhokelo eyinkunzi esemantla ndithi, kukhangeleka ngathi kwiziko embalini yase St. Petersburg, yaye kutheni le nto indawo.

UPetros noPawulos inqaba

Le nqaba, ezaba isakhiwo yokuqala eyinkunzi elizayo kunye namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba nguPawulos, wafumana igama lawo ibandla, ibekwe endaweni yayo. Namhlanje ke liziko yembali St. Petersburg, eSt Petersburg leyo ebizwa ngokuba 'uPetros Paul Fortress "kwaye uqhelene kunye neendonga zawo balindelwe wadubula emaqanda evela kunaso.

Ubume inqaba ezi ezikhumbuzo zokwakha ezifana kwingqwayi zenjineli House, Treasury kunye uPetros noPawulos Cathedral. Sele ekuqaleni nenqaba ngenkulungwane ye-18 yaba entolongweni amabanjwa ezopolitiko, yaye omnye amabanjwa yokuqala wayengunyana ka-Peter I Tsarevich Alexei.

Ngokuthe ngcembe, iindonga ilitye waqalisa ukuba maxongo, ngoko kwagqitywa ekubeni 'isinxibo "i Neva kunye neendonga nenqaba in lenyengane. Yiloo nto namhlanje kunye Paul Fortress, nto leyo yaba likhulu kwimbali Russian myuziyam.

Admiralty

Esi sakhiwo yokuqala phezu kodonga lasekhohlo Neva yaba kulwakhiwo Admiralty. Ekuqaleni wakhuliselwa uPetros mna yokwakhela njengesiqhelo, zibekwe kufutshane uPetros noPawulos nenqaba, uye waba inqaba yokubonisela enqatyisiweyo ngenene. Isigqibo ukwakha inqaba kwakukho Usongo ngawo balwa kwisixeko abaselula.

I yokuqala Isakhiwo Admiralty yagqitywa-1705, yaye namhlanje lonke lomculo bokwakha uyavunywa yi-UNESCO njengenye yezinto eziphambili ehlabathini. nembonakalo yakhe itshintshile ngokuthe ngcembe. Ekuqaleni kwalo kwaba isakhiwo zenziwe ngohlobo unobumba "P", nto leyo ine ngaphakathi nokulungisa iinqanawa. Around kwakhe wemba umhadi, apho esemva emadlelweni ukuze iindawo zokubukela.

Emva kwexesha, yajika yaba engcotyeni Alexandrovsky umyezo, singqongwe izikwere 3 - St. uIsake, iNdlu Yeengwevu kunye Palace. E Admiralty Shipyards uye wakha neenqanawa ngaphezulu kwama-300, de ivaliwe ngenkulungwane ye-19, kunye nesakhiwo yakhiwa ngokupheleleyo. Kungelo xesha ukuba kwathiwa "ezifunyenwe" spire yakhe edumileyo. Kuyo Babuzinzisa vane umoya imilo yenqanawa, Bathiwe wambu ngegolide.

Admiralty namhlanje - ilitye lesikhumbuzo entle classicism yokuqala, yinxalenye yelifa yehlabathi. iziko St. Petersburg kaThixo zembali evela Admiralty kunye nemiqadi ezintathu ezahlukeneyo isitalato odumileyo - Nevsky Prospekt, Gorokhovaya Street kunye Voznesensky Prospekt.

Cathedral St. uIsaac

Ukuba le yesine elizweni ubukhulu, Cathedral St. kaIsake eSt Petersburg unembali ende kwaye buhlungu sakhiwo. Sisazi ukuba inguqulelo yokuqala yecawa yakhiwa ngo-1707, kwaye inguqulelo yayo yokugqibela yamiselwa ngo-1858, ukuba ulwakhiwo wathabatha phantse 150 iminyaka.

Ekuqaleni kwalo kwaba ibandla ngomthi eyakhelwe zazikufuphi Neva. Ngowe-1717, oko wagqiba endaweni isakhiwo ilitye, kodwa 1724 kakhulu umonakalo ngenxa isondele ngasemlanjeni isiseko embi eyafunyanwa yecawa. Lizama ukwakha nokomeleza uCatherine I umyalelo, kodwa emva kokuba ukululama, yena itshiswe logwayimbo umbane.

Kuye kwagqitywa ukwakha Cathedral eSt uIsake Jonga Admiralty Meadow, apho waba isabelo bakaIsake, kunye Yeengwevu Square. Le projekthi intsha wakhawulwa kakhulu omkhulukazi kwaye eqaqambileyo magumbi nezemarmore, kodwa ukufa uCatherine II kumiswe ukwakhiwa xa isakhiwo lakhiwa ngaphambi isiqingatha.

Ngubani na owenyuka waya etroneni noPawulos wayalela ukuba ukugqiba ukwakha le yecawa ngamatye, wagqiba ukusebenzisa intsalela emarmore ukwakhiwa ibhotwe lakhe. Ezi ezingangqinelaniyo kwi lwesakhiwo kwakhokelela yokuba yaqala ukuna udaka. Kwafuneka ngokutsha entsha isakhiwo, ngokuba esele Alexander I ngowe-1809 yabhengeza ukhuphiswano phakathi nabayili.

Obekumele ukuba sele uguqulelo sesine Cathedral eSt kaIsake. Implementer yeprojekthi lwakhethwa Montferrand, impumelelo apho inani ibonwe eziqhutywa waya zitsho isiseko (10 762), ukwakha oneminyaka engama-40 ubudala yaye ngendleko enkulu kuba ixesha elithe wenza yecawa eqolo eYurophu (23,256,852 engange., Ke kopecks-80.).

Kunjalo, Cathedral St. kaIsake eSt Petersburg - namhlanje enye yezona zintle ehlabathini kwaye kwakhona zibandakanyiwe kwi-UNESCO ilifa ihlabathi.

Nevsky Ithemba

Nevsky - a avenue ephambili, engumqondiso iziko imbali St. Petersburg. Ibanga 4.5 km ukusuka Admiralty ukuya Alexander Nevsky Monastery, izihlanganisi iziqithi 4 Neva River. Xa wazalwa i "pershpektiva" engundoqo aloo mzi, Nevsky Prospekt sakhiwa omabini ngexesha elinye yaye akazange siphephe isehlo. Xa efika phakathi abakhi babona impazamo kwi izibalo, ngoko ke ikhefu. Inxenye ke yakhiwa ngo-1718 ukususela woonongendi, ebizwa ngokuba Neva, yaye inxalenye Admiralty, eyagqitywa ngo-1720, yathiywa igama "pershpektiva Uninzi".

Uphuhliso kancane Nevsky Prospekt iingxande yezikhulu, izindlu wamaFilisti kunye amabandla kuye kwakhokelela ekubeni namhlanje yesitalato ehlabathini kuphela ezingundoqo, apho kukho iicawa 4 Christian kunye izakhiwo edume ezakha iziko embalini yase St Petersburg.

Kumaxesha Soviet, siye sazama ukuba ukuthiya esitratweni, kodwa amagama musa asinde; ngoko ke Nevsky Prospekt kweli xesha lethu yaziwa kwakunye ebanzi eNew York, i Arbat eMoscow kunye Deribasovskaya e Odessa.

Amathe of Vasilyevsky Island

Ukuze uqonde, kukhangeleka ngathi kwiziko embalini yase St. Petersburg, ngokwaneleyo ukuba beze kwi Vasilevsky Island. Nkqu amaxesha uPetros Mna, kwagqitywa ukwenza uphuhliso "utolo" Vasilyevsky Island.

Phantsi projekthi, belapho ukuba yakhiwe, "iibhodi elinambini" (iziko ephezulu zikarhulumente), i-Stock Exchange, le Cathedral kunye Gostiny Dvor, kodwa ukwakhiwa kwingcamango waye waqonda inxalenye kuphela. Yokufuna ulwazi zakhiwa kwaye ibhotwe of Queen Praskovya Feodorovna, owathi ngenxa the Academy of Sciences.

Kwicala langasezantsi kwikhampasi kwasekwa, kwaye kwicala langasentla "iintolo" kwakukho amagumbi alala kuyo ukothula iinqanawa nokutshintshiselana apho zenziwa zibe. Kukho kwakhona kwigumbi lokuhlala kunye nezindlu eyadini.

Ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha, kwagqitywa ukwenza ngokutsha Exchange kunye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezitsha yale Akhademi. Ngenxa kule siqithi wabonakala CTLI inqaba emikhulu, namhlanje "ikhadi ubiza 'esi siqithi.

Le phambi Neva eweni

Kwini yokuqala kanye wadibana iinqanawa angaphandle, ebizwa IsiNgesi. Kancinane ekwakhiweni kwayo kwangoko ingqalelo kwinto yokuba nguye "ubuso" komzi, abaleke kumgaqo "lwefacade rhoqo". Emva ajongene naye lenyengane ngenkulungwane ye-18 emva kwexesha yaba iindawo ezininzi ephawulekayo umzi. Nantsi ke indlu into ebantwini abaninzi neyimbalasane yoBukhosi baseRashiya.

Palace Square

Lo mfanekiso Palace Square kwamiswa ngokuthe ngcembe. Kwakhiwa 1762 Rastrelli ezintle Winter Palace, amawa ezingasemva kwelinye icala isikwere. ukwakhiwa yayo inkqubo ende, kuba kuphela ngo-1829 ngabakwa Carlo Rossi kwakhiwa isakhiwo inde enhle eYurophu yagqitywa. Eliquka nezakhiwo 2 luqhakamshelene Inqaba yamandulo, isakhiwo, yaye namhlanje ngobambana ebuhleni bayo monumentality.

Ngowe-1834, oko efakwe kwi Palace Square Alexander Column. -40 kule ndawo banzi isakhiwo kwikomkhulu Guards elihamba kunye Post eyadini.

UNESCO lemveli

Iziko imbali iyonke St. Petersburg, ukuxelwa oko akuthethi nokudlulisela ubuhle nobabalo, iqukwe UNESCO kuluhlu lemveli. Mhlawumbi Ngomnye "omncinane" ezikhumbuzo sembali yale ubungakanani kolu luhlu.