Izigaba Historical zophuhliso loluntu

Okwangoku, indlela zembali onqamlezwe eyiyeyabantu wohlulwe inxalenye zilandelayo: Prehistory, History of the World Ancient, kumaXesha Aphakathi, New, Contemporary. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba namhlanje phakathi izazinzulu, abasungula amanqanaba lophuhliso loluntu, akukho ukuvumelana malunga periodization. Ngoko ke, kukho periodization ezininzi ezizodwa, eyenziwa ibonakalisa uhlobo sezifundo, kunye jikelele, ie zembali.

Of periodization kubaluleke kakhulu ngokukodwa ukuba inzululwazi ngezakudala, olusekelwe phezu umahluko izixhobo zomsebenzi.

Izigaba zophuhliso lonke ixesha abangekaphuhli kuchaziwe kwiminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezi-1.5. Isiseko sesifundo zaso iintsalela izixhobo zamandulo, imizobo umqolomba nokungcwatywa, eziye zachongwa ngethuba le ngabembi bezinto. Ukufundwa - inzululwazi ojongene kunye nokubuyiselwa yimbonakalo yomntu kwakudala. Ixesha Ixesha esebenzayo kwenzeka imvelaphi yabantu, akugqiba urhulumente imbonakalo.

Ngeli xesha, kukho ezi zigaba zilandelayo zophuhliso lomntu: anthropogeny (zazivelela, eyaphelela 40 namawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye kwakhokelela ukuvela Homo sapiens iintlobo.) Yaye genesis kwezentlalo (ukubunjwa iintlobo zentlalo ebomini).

Imbali Ancient uqala esibuyel'emva yayo ngexesha ukuvela ithi yokuqala. Amaxesha abantu ichazwe kweli xesha zezona twisiseka. impucuko yamandulo bashiya zobuciko kunye ensembles zokwakha, iisampulu zobugcisa omkhulu nemizobo ukuba bahlile beza imihla yethu. Le eziqaphelekayo ibhekisa IV-III nkulungwane BC Ngelo xesha, kwakukho ekwahlulweni umphakathi abalawuli yaye walawula, amahlwempu kunye bazizityebi, kwabakho ubukhoboka. Ubukhoboka yayina kwixesha lidala, xa kwabakho ukunyuka ephucuke Greece yamandulo neRoma.

inzululwazi Russian kunye Western ibhekisa ekuqaleni of the Ages Aphakathi ngokuwa Western uBukhosi baseRoma, nto leyo kwenzeka ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yesihlanu. Nangona kunjalo, le encyclopedia "Imbali Uluntu", eyakhutshwa yi-UNESCO, ekuqaleni kweli nqanaba kucingwa ukuba mzuzu le ukuvela Islam, owayebonakele Kwasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesixhenxe.

Izigaba zophuhliso lwabasebenzi kweli kumaXesha Aphakathi zahlulwe kumaxesha amathathu: ekuqaleni (5 - phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-11 ..), High (mid 11 - ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-14 ..), ke kamva (kwiinkulungwane 14-16). Kwezinye mithombo yimpucuko yehlabathi amandulo ngamaXesha Aphakathi na umahluko phakathi kwindawo theoretical component 'amanqanaba okukhula "kwaye babonwa nje yemveli yoluntu, nto leyo esekelwe zokulima yendalo / semi-sokutya.

Ngexesha mihla ukuyilwa lwempucuko mveliso kunye wongxowankulu. Izigaba zophuhliso lwabasebenzi kweli nqanaba wohlulwe amacandelo eziliqela.

Kuqala. Kuthatha ekuqaleni kwayo, xa ihlabathi lifumana i-revolution ukubhukuqa inkqubo ngokuphathelele. Eyokuqala kwezi kwenzeka eNgilane ngo-1640 - iminyaka 1660.

Ithuba lesibini yaqala emva French Revolution (1789-1794). Ngeli xesha, ukukhula ngokukhawuleza emphaya colonial, iyantlukwano yabasebenzi kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe.

Ixesha lesithathu iqala kwi kwenkulungwane ye-19 kwaye luphawulwa luphuhliso olukhawulezayo impucuko mveliso, apho kungenxa kuphuhliso kwiindawo ezintsha.

Imbali Recent kunye periodization yayo okwangoku impikiswano. Noko ke, ngo-sikhokelo ezi zigaba zilandelayo zophuhliso loluntu. Le theyibhile ifumaneka kwiincwadi, oko kubonisa ukuba le elithile ubunjwe iiphiriyodi ezimbini eziphambili. Eyokuqala yaqala ngenkulungwane ye-19 ezifike Azigubungele nakwisiqingatha yonke yokuqala kwinkulungwane yama-20 - kudala lwanamhlanje.

nengxaki enkulu, usukuzwano iingangamsha, ukutshatyalaliswa iinkqubo lobukoloniyali kumazwe aseYurophu, iimeko Cold War. utshintsho qualitative zenzekile kuphela kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20, xa uphuhliso robhothi mveliso kunye kunyebeleziso iikhompyutha etshintshe uhlobo lomsebenzi. Iinguqu zenziwa kunye kwisigaba ngamazwe, xa kwathi kwintsebenziswano kwindawo iimbambano.