Isixhobo zomculo omdala, okanye ntoni na zurna

Zurna - isixhobo somculo kunye ubutyebi bembali. Eli gama ifumaneka ngeelwimi ezininzi: Azerbaijani, isiArmenia, nokusungula kunye Persian. Elithi ngokoqobo "nembande festive." Esi sixhobo kuxhaphakile kakhulu amazwe Asia Minor, kuMbindi and Near East, Central Asia, India neCaucasus. Izixhobo zurna ezinxulumene, zikhona phantse onke amazwe ehlabathini, ukususela China kunye Japan kunye nesiphelo kunye kwiiBalkans.

Yintoni zurna

It is a tube umngxuma eyenziwe ngomthi kunye ifanele olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo kunye mingxuma ezimbalwa (ngokuqhelekileyo 8-9). Enye mingxuma kwicala ngasemva, ngathi isishicileli.

Zurna Armenian akukho ezahlukeneyo ukusuka Indiya. Le izixhobo zomculo umdla kakhulu ngokuqhelekileyo kuva utshintsho kumazwe ahlukeneyo, baya ukuqhelana umculo kwabantu, kodwa hayi kwimeko zurna.

ezahlukene

Kodwa bambelela kule zurna kabini, intonga efanayo kakhulu mihla ngalo ngenxa oboe, nto leyo eyenza nje kubo izixhobo ezinxulumene, kodwa kubonisa ukuba owandulela lo zurna oboe yaqala. Ukongeza, ukuba unalo ithowuni eliqaqambileyo shrill ukuba nayo asibeke ngokuhambelana ngezixhobo ezifana zhaleyka nophondo IsiNgesi.

Zurna - isixhobo somculo kunye nothotho enye octaves enesiqingatha, kwaye, okubalulekileyo, kumanqanaba diatonic kunye chromatic. Inqaku ezantsi, leyo idlalwe zurna - Noko ke, kukho B-flat ilizwi ezingephi, kwaye igqalwa phezulu ukuya ilizwi wesithathu,, kunokwenzeka ukuba kwandiswe uluhlu a imibala ezimbalwa kakhulu. Lufuna izakhono ezizodwa, kunye namanqaku ngaphaya uluhlu okuqhelekileyo abasebenza ngokuba "CEFIR seslyar".

Malunga emthini

Ukuba nicela nantoni na zurna, enkosini umculo, baya kuthi ukuba elenziwe ngamaplanga isixhobo somculo umoya. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu - kuba ziinkuni. Njengomgaqo, zurna eyenziwe yebhalsam, uHazel okanye apricot. Ekupheleni eliphezulu (apho nekalamo evumba lukhuselekile) ityhubhu ukuba ububanzi of-20 mm, kwaye lwandisa kabukhali ezantsi ukuya 60-65 mm. Ubude lilonke jikelele isusela ukusuka iisentimitha 30 ukuya 32. Kukho kwakhona indima ebalulekileyo kuyilo - "ingqondo". Le ngaphakathi, nto leyo yenziwa ngomthi elifanayo (kodwa ingasetyenziswa Njengomngcunube lasendle), kwaye lifakwa isiphelo esisemantla isixhobo ikuvumela ukunyenyisa nembasa. Ingundaba yenziwe ngeengcongolo, kwaye ubude ukusuka milimitha ezisixhenxe ukuya ezilishumi, eseyiphantse kabini mfutshane kunolo oboe mihla.

indaba

Yintoni zurna, ungenza kugwetywa ngabembi bezinto. Ngokutsho kwabo, iye khona iminyaka engamawaka amathathu eyadlulayo, imihla ubudala oku kokufunyanwa kummandla Mingechevir mihla - isixeko yesine ukuba likhulu Azerbaijan. Abembi bezinto zakudala baye iikopi ezine zurna afunyanwa, kodwa akubangakho umthi, nezinto antler. Balaban - efanayo izinto izixhobo ezinxulumene zifunyenwe.

Umculi udlala zurna, ebizwa zurnachi. "Umlomo" - a zurnachi edlala umculo apha lomculo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iqela iqulathe iimvumi amathathu, kwaye zurnachi yesibini idlala babezilazila, yeenowuthsi eziphambili ngokuvisisana olumanyanisa umculo eSkotlani kunye Ireland, apho moya ka ibagpipe kuhamba uncuthu monotone rhoqo izandi usinga wadala. Le mvumi yesithathu kwi lomculo - a obetha, udala ezintsonkothileyo, isingqisho kokunzima. Xa ensembles yobuhlanga wasebenzisa akudala izixhobo zezihlokomiso, ezifana uthuthu okanye Dhol, ezo imigqomo emikhulu okanye naphakathi. Obetha kunokubetha ngaphandle isingqisho ngesandla esinye okanye sebenzisa i wand.

uhlobo

Umbuzo wokuba yintoni zurna, akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ibali ntlobo zalo. Njengoko umthetho, umahluko phakathi iintlobo mincinci kwaye zingakuchaphazeli ingakumbi yesandi. Ingakumbi eyaziwa gara zurna, zurna Jura, zurna Shehab kunye nabanye.

Zurna idla esetyenziselwa imidlalo ongaphandle, ngenxa ithoni yalo phezulu-bamisa kunye ukungafuni malunga imozulu. Zurnachi solo okanye lomculo yayidlala umculo for enesingqi, imidaniso fast, kodwa gumbi ekhethwayo njengeduduk zurna okanye Balaban - woodwinds enxulumene engcongolweni, kodwa abe lithambile, velvety kunye nesandi ovusa. Ahluke kancinane esi zurna: musa i intsimbi ebanzi, umthi abangenazigqibo ngakumbi, njengoko umoba ebanzi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, zonke izixhobo ezinxulumene abe ubuchule efanayo lokudlala, zurnachi ababuqiqileyo ngoko akukho nzima ukulawula izixhobo ezininzi. Ngo-2005, njengeduduk umculo Armenian sele zifakiwe kuluhlu lwe-UNESCO njenge wobugcisa bezenkcubeko elilifa lethu engaphathekiyo.

Ngoku zurna isetyenziselwa ekwenzeni iintsomi, ezifana mugham - omnye lweendidi zomculo zemveli Azerbaijani, ngokunjalo ngowemithendeleko emoyeni evulekileyo, xa kuyimfuneko oko ngokungqinelana zeengoma, umdaniso, ezifana Jangi. Xa iisampulu folk loo zurna idla kukuhambi- kwi-okhestra okanye lomculo.