Isiqendu 15 soMthetho wezoLuntu. Ukuhlawulelwa kwelahleko

Umthetho unikezela iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokubuyisela amalungelo okuphulwa kwezifundo. Ukulimala ngqo ngumnye wabo. Masiqhubeke siqwalasela isithethe esilungisiweyo.

Ubugcisa. 15 I-Code Civil ye-Russian Federation

Ukuhlawulelwa kwemonakalo ebangelwa umntu ngenxa yokuphulwa kwamalungelo akhe kuya kwenziwa ngokupheleleyo, ngaphandle kokuba isivumelwano okanye umyalelo unika inani elincinci lembuyekezo. Njengalahleko lokulahlekelwa, iindleko eziza kuqhuba okanye zivele zivelise ukubuyiswa kweemeko zayo zezimali zichithwa . Inzuzo elahlekileyo enokuthi umntu ayifumane phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo zokuthengiswa kwimeko apho amalungelo akhe aphululwayo ayabonwa njengelahleko. Ubugcisa. I-15 yoMgaqo-nkqubo wezoLuntu uphinde unikezele ukuba inokuthi ixhoba lifune ukuhlawulwa kwemali elahlekileyo. Ingeniso yokuba umphulaphuli womthetho owamukelwe ngenxa yezenzo zakhe ezingalunganga.

Ubugcisa. 15 ye-Code Civil ye-Russian Federation eneempendulo

Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, umgaqo wokulahlekelwa kwepropati udibene necala kwaye uthathwa njengenye yezintlu zomthwalo wemfanelo. Okwangoku, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba ukutolika kwelahleko kuqhelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ziqondwa njengemiphumo emibi kwisimo sepropati yomntu. Zibonakaliswa kwisidingo sokwenza iindleko ezithile okanye ukugcina indawo yenkcazelo engatshintshiyo, ngelixa kufuneka ikhulise. Ngelo xesha, ukumiselwa koxanduva lokuhlawula ilahleko kwiimeko ezinjalo akunakucingelwa njengendlela yokutshutshisa. Kwingxenye 1 yoBugcisa. ISigqibo se-15 se-Code Code sibeka ithuba lokufuna imbuyekezo epheleleyo. Njengomgaqo oqhelekileyo, ukubuyiswa kwelahleko kwi-volume ekhudlwana kuya kukhokelela ekungenakulungiseleni ukucebisa. Okwangoku, kukho ezininzi izinto ezivela kuyo. Kule meko, zifakwe zombini kwelinye nakwezinye izikhokelo. Umzekelo, kuvunyelwe ukuhlawulela isohlwayo esingaphaya kwelahleko.

Isixa esincinci sokuhlawulwa phantsi kwesivumelwano

Isiqendu 15 seNkqubo yoLuntu yaseRussia iququzelele ukuba kusekwe ngumthetho okanye isivumelwano sembuyekezo encinci ngaphezu kwelahleko ezenzelwe lixhoba. Ukuqulunqwa kwezithintelo ezinxulumene nokubuyisela kuyinto eqhelekileyo emthethweni. Ngokomzekelo, ngaphantsi kwesivumelwano sokubonelelwa kweenkonzo, umthengi angabanqabisa ukuba iindleko zenziwe ngontrakta zibuyiselwa. Ngokulahlekelwa okanye ukungahambi kwempahla, umphathiswa kufuneka ahlawule ixabiso lelahleko elahlekileyo okanye elahlekileyo.

Umngcipheko, obeka iSigqeba esingu-15 seKhowudi yoLuntu yaseRussia Federation, ichazwe kwi-717 yesiqhelo. Inquma ukuba, ngaphezu kokuhlawulwa kwintrakarenti yecandelo elichazwe kwisivumelwano seendleko ngokumalunga nomyinge womsebenzi owenziweyo ngaphambi kokufumana isaziso sokukhanyela umthengi, lo mva kufuneka ahlawule ilahleko ezivela ekupheliseni ubudlelwane bezivumelwano. Kule meko, ukubuyiselwa kuyenzeka phakathi kwemali phakathi kwenani leenkonzo kunye nenxalenye yemali esele ikhokhwe. Esi siqhelo asiboneleli ngaphandle kwenkqubo ejwayelekile yokuhlawulela kwaye asisusi kummangali umbopheleleko wokubonakalisa ukuba kukho ilahleko. Kuphela kuphela umda wokungqambela ukuba umonakalo owona mkhulu kunomda osemthethweni.

Imida yomthetho yomthetho

Umyalelo ogqityiweyo ngokubanzi usungulwe kwisiqhelo se-401 (into 4). Ngokuhambelana nayo, isivumelwano esayinwe kwangaphambili ukukhawulela okanye ukuphelisa umthwalo wokuba ukuphulwa komthetho ngokwemfuno kubanjwe kungabikho nto. Emva kokuphulwa kwamalungelo, ngenjongo, kubandakanywa, kwindlela yokusebenza, imeko yokunciphisa uxanduva inokwenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, oku kufezwe ngesivumelwano esinoxolo. Ukunciphisa umthamo kwenzeka xa kukho isigwebo esikhethekileyo.

Isivumelwano esifanelekileyo singagqitywa kokubili ngaphambi nangemva kokuvela kwelahleko. Umthetho okanye isivumelwano siyakwenza imbuyekezo yokulahlekelwa kwintlawulo encinci, kodwa ayivunyelwe ukubonelela ukufumana imali eninzi kuneendleko ezenziweyo okanye ukubonisa ukungavumeleki kwembuyekezo.

Umonakalo wangempela

P. 2 tbsp. I-15 ye-Civil Code ihlula ilahleko zibe ngamaqela amabini. Omnye wabo ngumonakalo wangempela. Ichazwe ngokukodwa kwiindleko eziza kuba nexhoba ekubuyiselweni kwamalungelo akhe. Kule meko, kwi-Art. I-15 ye-Code Civil ye-Russian Federation ithetha iimeko ezahlukeneyo. Zidibaniswe zombini kunye nokuyeka, kodwa nangethuba lokubuyisela ilungelo, kunye nokuqhubeka kobukho balo, kodwa kwifom ephosakeleyo. Ngokomzekelo, isihloko sifumane into engafanelekanga. Ngoko ke, iindleko zokulungisa iziphoso zicingwa okanye sele zenzeke.

Umzuzu obalulekileyo

Inkundla inokusebenza kwiimeko zokuhlawula ilahleko zikhulu kakhulu. Ekufikeleleni koluntu kukho imizekelo emininzi yamacala, izigqibo malunga neengxabano. Isihloko singaqala inkqubo ngokwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane negqwetha. Kwintlanganiso yokuqala, njengomthetho, isiluleko somthetho sinika mahala. Ngethuba le ntla nganiso, imiba ephambili yenkqubo iya kucaciswa. Ngokukodwa, ummangali kufuneka athathe ingqalelo ukuba imfuneko yokuba iindleko zifunyenwe, ixabiso eliqikelelwayo kufuneka lilungele ukubalwa kunye namanye amaxwebhu. Ngokomzekelo, kunokuba kubiza ukupheliswa kweziphene, isivumelwano esisimisela uxanduva lommoni, njalo njalo.

Ukulahlekelwa kwepropati

Le yinye indlela yokubonisa umonakalo owenziwe nguMbono. 15 ye-Code Code. Umgangatho wepropati zizinto eziphathekayo. Imonakalo ibonakaliswa kukunyamalala (ukufa) kwezinto. Oku, kukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwipropati yesakhiwo. Ukongeza, umonakalo wangempela phantsi koBugcisa. I-15 ye-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo yokupheliswa kwamalungelo, ukuba ayinakubuyiselwa. Ukuhlawulwa kwezilahleko kulezi zimo kuboniswe ngemali.

Umzekelo:

Ubambiswano lufake umgwebo kunye nemfuneko yokubambisa ishishini ukuba idlulise amafulethi ama-2 ngobubele, ngokuhambelana nesivumelwano sokuthatha inxaxheba. Ngexesha lokuqwalaselwa kwesicelo ngummangalelwa, amabango amkelwe. Nangona kunjalo, isihloko esibhekiswe ekungenakwenzeka kokuzalisekisa uxanduva olubanjwe, kuba indlu apho kwakuhlala khona indawo yokuhlala. Ngokuhambelana nemeko, ummangalelwa watshintshile isihloko sesicelo kwaye wafuna ukuhlawula ilahleko ngendlela yeendleko zokuhlala endaweni. Inkundla yokuqala yokuqala inelisekile amabango. Ummangali wahlawuliswa imali eqikelelwe kwiindleko eziqikelelweyo zeendawo zokuhlala ngomhla wokusayina isivumelwano.

Ummangali, inselele esi sigqibo, wabonisa ukuba imbuyekezo ekukhanyeni kwemali ayithethi ukuthenga izindlu ezimbini ezilinganayo. Ngoko ke, kwakukho umqobo ekubuyiselweni kwamalungelo akhe kuye. Ngokwenza isigqibo sommeli-sicelo, utshintsho lwenziwe kwisigqibo. Ngokukodwa, kumntu ofake isicelo, imali eyaneleyo yokuthenga amafulethi afana nekhwalithi kulawo ayenokunikezelwa phantsi kwesivumelwano. Inkundla yayikhokelwa kuqala kobugcisa. 15 ye-Code Code. Ekuqaliseni inani lomonakalo, imithetho 393 yomgaqo ifakwe kwisongezelelo (umhlathi 3).

Ukulahleka kweenzuzo

Inzuzo engafumanekanga ibonakaliswe kwinto ekuthiwa (yokubonakalayo) yokuzaliswa kwepropati yecala lexhoba, eliya kwenzeka ngexesha leqhelekileyo leemeko, ukuba ilungelo lakhe alizange liphulwe. Njengoko iingcali ziqaphele, ukubonelelwa kwimihlathi yesibili yomgaqo ochaphazelekayo kusebenza kwinani elingenamkhawulo lamatyala. Ngokwenza oko, kunzima kunzima, kwaye kwiimeko ezininzi akunakwenzeka ukubonisa ubungeniso bentlawulo ngumphulaphuli womthetho kwaye ulungele ubungakanani balo.

Ukuchaneka kokujongana namatyala

Ekujonganeni namatyala apho kuvela ingxabano ukusuka kwerhafu okanye olunye ulwalamano lwezolawulo kunye nolwasemali, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba imimiselo yomthetho wembambano iyasebenza kubo kuphela kwimiqathango yokuba imeko ehambelanayo ifakwe yimimiselo. Inkqubo yobulungisa isekelwe kwinto yokuba imibutho kunye nabemi, ngokuhambelana nemigaqo ye-Art Art. 15, unelungelo lokwenza ibango lokuhlawula umonakalo owenziwe ngokubhekiselele ekutyaleni kokungahlawulwanga kwezoqoqosho nge-Inspectorate yeRhafu, iziphathamandla zamasiko, izikhululo zamanani kunye namanye amaziko karhulumente.

Ukuhlawulelwa umonakalo njengomlinganiselo wokukhusela

Ukuqokelela kungaqhutyelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhuselwa kwanoma yimuphi umthetho ogunyazisiweyo (ngokukhethekileyo, impahla, umbopheleleko). Ngelo xesha, akunandaba nokuba kukho nayiphi na imiyalelo kule ndaba kwiimfuno ezizodwa. Isihlomelo semonakalo sisenza ngendlela yendalo yonke yokukhusela iminqweno yexhoba. Oku kuboniswa kwinto yokuba ilahleko ziyakuthi zibuyiselwe kanye kunye nokuhlawulwa kwezigwebo, inzala yokusebenzisa imali yabanye abantu njalo njalo. Kwezinye iimeko, imbuyekezo yomonakalo yenziwa kunye kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesinye isigwebo esinqunywe ngumthetho. Eli lungiselelo liphikisa imbono egcinwe ngokubanzi ukuba izigwebo ezibini okanye ngaphezulu kwephulo elinye akufanele zisetyenziswe.

Isiphelo

Ngokwenza oko, ukufunyanwa kwembuyekezo kuthathwa njengomsebenzi onzima. Oku kubangelwe kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezinqamlekileyo ezisetyenziswe kwiimeko ezifana nokukholwa kwamanani entlukwano apho kuyimfuneko ukuyiqonda. Umthwalo wokubonisa ukuba kukho umonakalo uhlala kumfaki sicelo. Ifuna ukuqinisekisile nje kuphela into eyenzekayo, kodwa kunye neenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo kwimbuyekezo yayo, ukungabikho kwemingcipheko yokubuyisela, imali yokulahlekelwa njalonjalo.

Iingcebiso zomthetho zamahhala ziza kubonisa kuphela intonga ye-iceberg kwiimeko ezinjalo. Kodwa ukuba isifundo sikulungele ukufikelela ekupheleni kwimeko yokubuyisela amalungelo akhe, kucetyiswa ukuba isebenzise iinkonzo zommeli. Igqwetha alinakukunceda kuphela ukuyiqonda imeko, ulungise i-suit, kodwa uchaze indlela enokwenzeka ngayo ukuphuhliswa kweziganeko. Ingqwalasela ngokukodwa iya kuhlawulelwa kubalo. Imali yemonakalo ehlawulwayo kufuneka ihambisane nokuphulwa. Oku akuthethi ukuba isifundo sinokufaka isicelo sembuyekezo kuphela ngomonakalo othile. Unelungelo lokulindela kunye nemali eninzi, ukuba elo thuba linqunywe kwisivumelwano okanye kumthetho.