Injini ucinezelo

injini ucinezelo inikeza ukwanda eneji ziyafumaneka kwi ukutshiswa mxube amafutha. Kwaloo nto livela kwigama lesiLatini «compressio» (ucinezelo). Ucinezelo ke ucinezelo ze gesi phantsi kwempembelelo amabutho angaphandle. Oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni umthamo wayo. Kwiqondo lobushushu ephakamileyo okanye uxinzelelo abe nempembelelo lwangaphandle. Le itheyibhile ephindaphindayo (itheyibhile ephindaphindayo) njengoko ucinezelo injini kwenzeka. Kulo mzekelo, ucinezelo umxube amafutha luyenziwa.

Kwezoyilo ezininzi zezithuthi mihla echazwe-stroke ezine yokuvutha kwangaphakathi injini. injini ucinezelo ukubonakala kakhulu egumbini yokutsha kule ndawo phakathi kweendonga kwegumbi, lo msesane ucinezelo umzantsi piston. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha xi ifikelela ezona xa piston sele beluwe umgangatho kwinqanaba eliphezulu kwabafileyo, phambi ucinezelo umxube ezinokutsha.

Ucinezelo injini, ngaphandle derate injini ngesantya kugqalwa ngomlinganiselo othile ngenxa nemeko yenkqubo yokutsha injini kwangaphakathi cylinder-piston kunye nenani kwezinye iisayithi. amakhonkco piston, iivelufa (zokungenisa nokukhupha) kwi intloko gasket yeyunithi motor kunye nenani kwezinye iindawo Ukubonelela ucinezelo.

kuvela umthwalo egumbini owawufikelela umoya elinesihlanu kwinjini ipetroli. Ucinezelo ye injini diesel amiliswe noxinzelelo ukufikelela umoya mathathu. Ngokumalunga noku, onke amacandelo abandakanyekayo kule nkqubo, kufuneka ube nako ukumelana umthwalo enjalo rhoqo.

Xa piston iye yasuswa ukusuka okudalwa kwenzeka yeegesi zingene umsantsa phakathi emseleni kunye ngomsesane. Igesi kwebanga icinezelwe nxamnye umphezulu lombhobho ring.

umthwalo Ukusoloko kwinkqubo cylinder-piston, indlela ukusasazwa igesi ngenxa yengcinezelo ophezulu rhoqo ichaphazele imeko iinxalenye. Oku, isidima amandla kunye nocikizeko enjinini. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ucinezelo injini (enye efanayo) inokuba nomahluko kakhulu. Oku kungenxa iimeko ezahlukeneyo lomlinganiselo: ubushushu, isantya crankshaft, isixa umoya eceleni kungena njengesilinda.

Ngoko ke, umzekelo, i-oyile, ukuba ukuxinana ephakamileyo, viscosity, ukunyuka ucinezelo, baba phezu kweendonga lombhobho, ngokuveza amacandelo naso nezikhewu. amafutha ngokugqithiseleyo okungena lombhobho, oku uhlamba kude umboniso ioli, kangangokuba ucinezelo lifinyele.

Xa yokukala ucinezelo echazwe kwi iisilinda kube lula ukufumanisa unobangela yokuhla kwamandla injini okanye "embi" kokuyisebenzisa. Ngokomzekelo, xa imishini uluhlu ngaphezu kwesinye elinamanci amahlanu amawaka eekhilomitha ucinezelo aphezulu ukuba zibangelwa yi ukuyilwa kwento coke maleko ebalulekileyo kwi iindonga omlilo egumbini. Oku, kunciphisa ivolyum ibinomthwebeba. Ngenxa yoku, ngokulandelelana, ndakumandisa ucinezelo.

Inqanaba ucinezelo lungabaleka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Xa uvula umcephe wenza liphezulu air flow kungena injini. Iziphumo nefuthe ukuvuza cylinder emoyeni amakhonkco banxibe phambi burnouts uqhekeke, imikrwelo kwi iindonga piston kunye lombhobho, iivelufa kunye nezinye endiza.

Xa luvaliwe umcephe wokunyusa, ungafumana i izikhombisi echanileyo inqanaba ucinezelo. Kule meko kukho imali encinane womoya otyiwa. Ngaloo ndlela kunokwenzeka ukubala ukuvuza evela deformation yentonga okanye ivelufa isihlalo banxibe.

Xa isiqalo injini kunzima, kucetyiswa ukuba yolinganiso injini kuyabanda. Kule ucinezelo incincane kune xa kulinganiswa kwi injini lishushu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imilinganiselo kwi injini eshushu kufuneka wenziwe lobushushu izidanga malunga 80-90. Oku kungenxa ukuhla kwi viscosity ukuhla izithuba phakathi iindawo ezihambayo.