INGCACISO umthamo wegazi: ifomula. index intliziyo

INGCACISO umthamo wegazi, a ifomula ukuba abaliweyo isafobe, kwakunye neminye ebalulekileyo ngongoma kumelwe nakanjani babe kwi imithwalo kwanolwazi naluphi na unyango umfundi, yaye kokukhona abantu abasele abangene zonyango imisebenzi. Yintoni na le nani njengoko kuchaphazela impilo yabantu, kutheni kubalulekile ukuba amagqirha, kwaye buxhomekeke kuyo - iimpendulo zale mibuzo ufuna umfana okanye umfazi onqwenela ukubhalisa esikolweni zonyango. Le yimibuzo kujongwana kweli nqaku.

umsebenzi intliziyo

Ukwenziwa komsebenzi ongundoqo entliziyweni - ukuziswa Amalungu nezihlunu umthamo othile wegazi nganye kwexesha unit (umthamo wegazi ngomzuzu) ngenxa imeko yentliziyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza kwegazi. Lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo intliziyo ifundwa ngeentsuku zesikolo. Uninzi iincwadi komzimba, ngelishwa, intetho ngalo msebenzi. Isiphumo senhliziyo - yemvelaphi stroke umthamo kunye nezinga intliziyo.

MO (SV) = HR x SV

index intliziyo

Stroke volume - ngesalathisi leyo kugqiba ubungakanani kunye nobungakanani igazi betekisi nganye ukuncitshiswa ventricles, ubukhulu yalo malunga ilingana no-70 ml. index senhliziyo - resolution yesibini-60 volume, aguqulwa yi kobuso emzimbeni womntu. Nokuphumla, ixabiso okuqhelekileyo malunga 3 l / min / m ^2.

Xa umthamo eqhelekileyo umzuzu igazi lomntu ixhomekeke nobukhulu bomzimba. Umzekelo, imveliso kwentliziyo yomntu sisinye 53 kg ababhinqileyo, ngokungathandabuzekiyo uya kuba ngaphantsi kakhulu kunalowo besini eyomeleleyo zalishumi 93 kg.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, indoda zalishumi 72 kg umthamo imizuzu intliziyo ukuba ngomtshini ngomzuzu 5 l / min., Phantsi umthwalo yale nani linokuba akhule ukuya ku-25 l / min.

Yeyiphi echaphazela umthamo imveliso intliziyo?

It is a zalathisi embalwa:

• iSystolic umthamo wegazi esikhukulayo kwi ekunene intendelezo ventricle ( "tye na intliziyo"), kunye nengcinezelo eveliswa yiyo - ukulayisha.
• uxhathiso aba imisipha intliziyo ngexesha kokukhutshwa umthamo elandelayo igazi ukusuka ventricle ekhohlo - afterload.
• ixesha kunye nentliziyo rate kunye contractility engabalulekanga, ezakutshintsha phantsi kwempembelelo indlela ethe kunye nenkqubo parasympathetic luvo.

Contractility - ukukwazi intliziyo kwezihlunu ukuba avelise amandla naliphi na ubude ifayibha kwezihlunu. Wokuhlangana zonke ezi mpawu, Kakade ke, ichaphazela umthamo wegazi ngomzuzu, isantya kunye isingqisho, kunye nezinye inhliziyo parameters.

Njengokuba le nkqubo ilawulwa khona myocardium?

imisipha yenhliziyo nokuncipha kwenzeka ukuba xi ikhalsiyam ngaphakathi iseli uba mmol ngaphezulu kwe-100, ezincinci ukubaluleka susceptibility contractile izixhobo calcium.

Ezikwiiseli eboniswe ion calcium kwenza indlela yabo cardiomyocyte ngu L-imiphantsi inwebu, kwakunye abelwe ngaphakathi esiseleni ibe kukho icytoplasm wayo ukusuka retikkuluma sarcoplasmic. Ngenxa indlela ezimbini kweerisithi kwezakha ukunyuka yayo yoxinaniso ngokukhawuleza, kwaye oku sisiqalo ekunciphiseni myocytes inhliziyo. Le ndlela "ucinezelo" ezimbini nto luphawu kuphela intliziyo. Ukuba akukho calcium wokufika extracellular, imisipha inhliziyo.

hormone Norepinephrine, nto leyo ekhululwa luvo novelwano emsileni, kuphucula izinga isantya kwaye contractility wentliziyo, ukuze kwandiswe imveliso intliziyo. Le into fanele ku arhente nokomzimba inotropic. Digoxin - sisiyobisi inotropic iziyobisi, esetyenziswa kwiimeko ezithile ukuze ukunyanga isifo senhliziyo.

Stroke umthamo kunye noxinzelelo ezizalisa

INGCACISO umthamo wegazi kwi ventricle sasekhohlo, oluthi luqokelelane ekugqibeleni diastole kwaye qho systole kuxhomekeke izihlunu zomzimba luthambe nesiphelo-ukuzala ingcinezelo. blood pressure entliziyweni ekunene ngenxa yengcinezelo inkqubo lwemithambo.

Xa ekhula ekupheleni-ukuzala uxinzelelo, ukwandisa amandla yereyithi elandelayo kunye nomthamo stroke. Oko ke nokunciphisa ngamandla lu dityanisiwe ngomlinganiselo uxinzeleko kwezihlunu.

Nefuthe umthamo iSystolic igazi zombini ventricles kuzo ngokulinganayo. Ukuba isidoda evela ventricle ekunene uya kudlula ezikhutshwayo ukusuka ekhohlo kangangexesha elithile, ukuze aphuhlise nokudumba miphungeni. Noko ke, kukho iindlela zokuzikhusela, ngexesha apho izenzo reflex, ngenxa yokwanda yade le imicu kwezihlunu ventricle lasekhohlo kwandisa umthamo wegazi betekisi kulo. Oku kwanda kwimveliso kwentliziyo, ukunqanda ukukhula xi kwegazi yemiphunga nezengekho abuyisele imali eseleyo.

Yi indlela efanayo kukunyuka ejection of umthamo wegazi ngexesha umthambo.

Le ndlela - lanyuka ucutheko kwentliziyo xa Imicu izihlunu wolula - ebizwa umthetho Frank-Starling. Oku yindlela zembuyekezo ebalulekileyo ukusilela entliziyweni.

isenzo afterload

Ngenxa ukwanda koxinzelelo lwegazi okanye ukwandisa umthamo afterload wegazi betekisi naye sikhule. Lo mhlaba sele nezibhaliweyo baqinisekisa ngokomfuniselo kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, leyo kuvunyelwa ukuba izilungiso izibalo kunye neefomula.

Ukuba igazi ukusuka ventricle eliseleyo betekisi kwi ukumelana eziphakamileyo, ngoko ixesha umthamo ntsalela igazi kwi ventricle ekhohlo aya kunyuka, myofibrils extensibility ukwanda, oko kwandisa umthamo stroke kwaye ngenxa yoko - lanyuka kwentliziyo ulawulo igazi output njengoko Frank-Starling. Emva imijikelo eziliqela, umthamo wegazi abuyele yokuqala.
I-luvo yawo - Regulator lwangaphandle kwemveliso intliziyo.

Ventricular koxinzelelo ukugcwalisa, utshintsho izinga lentliziyo kunye contractility bangatshintsha umthamo stroke. uxinzelelo Central lwemithambo kunye nenkqubo yawo luvo zezona zinto elawula output intliziyo.

Ngoko ke, siye ingqalelo iingqiqo kunye neenkcazelo ezikhankanywe kwintshayelelo kweli nqaku. Sinethemba ulwazi olunikiweyo apha ngasentla liya kuba luncedo ukuba nabani na onomdla kwisihloko wavakalisa abantu.