Lomhlathi - inzululwazi ye yintoni? Loo glaciologist isifundo?

Lomhlathi - inzululwazi ye yintoni? Yintoni na ingcali abasebenza kule nkalo? Makhe sizame ukufumana iimpendulo zale mibuzo neminye.

Lomhlathi ukufunda?

Eli gama livela amagama Latin "glyatsies" - ice, yaye "iilogo" - imfundiso ilizwi. Lomhlathi - inzululwazi ice ukuba yaqalwa ngo-bume yendalo phezu komhlaba emhlabeni, kwi lithosfere, umoya kunye kwehayidrosfere.

Imisebenzi eyabelwe ngenzululwazi ziquka:

• ukufunda iimpawu ukuyilwa komkhenkce, iimeko zokuphila kwabo;
• isifundo ekwakhiweni, iimpawu ezibonakalayo ka ayisi;
• ingqalelo iziphumo zejoloji komkhenkce kumphezulu-langa;
• ukufunda zokusasaza kwendawo ice namabandla.

Lomhlathi - inzululwazi zomkhenkce kuhlangene ne-physics, komhlaba. Abaziingcali kule endle ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa iindlela ubuchwephetshe bokuba Sciences Geographical.

Imbali ekumisweni isayensi

Qala mfundiso wabeka edume intaba Swiss ebona, komhlaba kunye semvelo Oras Benedikt de Saussure. Iinjongo kunye Ngendaba iindlela ezintsha zophando waba nqunu umsebenzi wakhe ngesandla-ebhaliweyo "Journey Alps." Umsebenzi kwenza izazinzulu ngexesha-th 1779 ukuya kunyaka 1796-th.

ngokoMthetho ezithile iingxaki ujongene glaciologist, uchazwe kule nkulungwane yama-19. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha, izazinzulu ubungenayo ngezinto yenkqubo malunga ezihambayo. ulwazi Akukho ngokwaneleyo ngolwazi malunga iimpawu ezibonakalayo ngumkhenkce, ukuziphatha kwalo. Ngoko ke, isigaba sokuqala enkulu yophuhliso inzululwazi lomhlathi waphawulwa ikakhulu ukuqokelela ulwazi, ukuyilwa indlela yezenzululwazi.

Le ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 yabalasela ekuqaleni emalunga nenzululwazi eziliqela amaphulo amakhulu-isikali ejoliswe ukufunda glaciation, zicukene kummandla we-Arctic Circle. Promoted kokubeka kakuhle eli ophathekayo ukuba kwenzeka umkhenkce, ukuvela iindlela ngqo efana nokufota zasemoyeni, photogrammetry, ukubhola thermal, zokuhlola umhlaba. Ngeli xesha, izazinzulu bakwazi ukuphuhlisa kucalulo eqhelekileyo ngumkhenkce, ingakumbi umkhondo intshukumo, ukubunjwa ukunyibilika komkhenkce.

Kwinkulungwane yokugqibela ziqokelelwe data ngokubanzi kunikezo wejografi permafrost. Izazinzulu bakwazi ukufumana ezintsha kunye zomkhenkce benze zingabalawuli zabo inkcazelo eneenkcukacha.

Yintoni na glaciologists?

Glaciologist - a wobugcisa, eli apho ukufunda le-ice yaqalwa ngo-bume yendalo. iingcali ezifana abafunda iimpawu imbonakalo komkhenkce, ukuziphatha kwabo, iinkqubo ezikhokelela ukunyibilika omkhenkce.

Glaciologist - umsebenzi ibandakanya isifundo zekhephu, amadama, leyo kwasekwa yi-ice yokunyibilikisa. Ngaphezu koko, abo amachule kule akhawunti kwicandelo iindlela ezinobungozi xa iimephu, nto leyo esithintelayo kukuvela iingozi kunye neentlekele zemvelo.

Yintoni ixabiso bani lomhlathi?

Lomhlathi - isayensi izifundo, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukwanda glacier kumphezulu-langa. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, kumaqumrhu igxile malunga ne-11% yelizwe iyonke. Bagqiba umyalelo million 29 ezikwere zeekhilomitha ³ amanzi. Uphuhliso inzululwazi kunegalelo eyiyo yokusetyenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi imilambo namachibi, leyo akhiwa ngenxa ukunyibilika komkhenkce.

Ukongeza, lomhlathi - inzululwazi indlela yokuthintela iintlekele zemvelo, unobangela eliza ukutshintsha ukuziphatha ezihambayo. Icala practical zokufundisa yaye olawula kwiindawo accounting, ayaphuma yi intshukumo komkhenkce, ngenjongo zokwenza imisebenzi yezoqoqosho.

amaziko esayensi

Kuba isifundo komkhenkce namhlanje udale uthungelwano kumaziko ezizodwa, izinto ezo eRashiya, eUnited States, eSwitzerland, Italy, Canada, i-UK, amanye kumazwe aphuhlileyo kakhulu. Ukususela ku-1894, esebenza ikomiti glaciological ngamazwe ojongene nasekufundweni qhwa.

Ukuze kuphuhliswe inzululwazi amalungiselelo uthotho izitishi, leyo swi le Polar Urals, Franz Josef loMhlaba, zeAltai, New Earth, kwi North-East and Central Asia.

izifundo ezibalulekileyo glaciological

Kwiphulo lokuqala kakhulu ezijoliswe ukufunda umkhenkce nje enkulu ehlabathini, zaye zabanjwa kwisithuba ukususela 1923 ukuya 1933, unyaka kwezesayensi Soviet. Le ngqwalasela kwenziwa e Central Asia, lo Urals, Novaya Zemlya. Injongo imikhankaso Ngokusisiseko yingqokelela ulwazi oluluncedo ice namabandla.

Encomekayo umfutho kuphuhliso uhambo inzululwazi, ezilungiselelwe yi-ngumphandi yiSoviet G. A. Avsyukom kwixesha ukususela ngowe-1950 ukuya th-1960. It yayijoliswe esweni umkhenkce ye Tien-shan. Ngenxa yoko, izazinzulu bakwazi ukumisela isantya kunye nendlela intshukumo permafrost.

Ngowe-1877, uluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe, kwagqitywa ukuba aququzelele iinkonzo aerospace ezizodwa, ekufuneka igcine esweni ukunyibilika qhwa kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo planethi. Injongo indalo yayo wenze uluhlu iinkqubo ezikhokelela wemvula amanzi acocekileyo on Earth. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala enjalo lwenziwa yi abasebenza yesikhululo isithuba "Salyut-6". Uphando unxibe nature olubonakalayo. Ubunzima olungundoqo data ezixabisekileyo, oosonzululwazi baye bakwazi ukuqokelela ngokusebenzisa kwedlelo-12 kunye zizibonakude-6 lunemiba-. Imifanekiso kumphezulu womhlaba ezaye zenziwa zivela kubude 350 km, wafa lonke ixesha elininzi imifanekiso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngoncedo apho unako ukwenza imilinganiselo echanekileyo kakhulu.

Ngo-2012, glaciologist yasekhaya owayesebenza Antarctica, basilela ukwenza kunokwembiwa ngempumelelo ngumkhenkce ikepusi, Ebubanzini leyo imalunga-4 km. Izazinzulu ziye wathola ufikelelo kumanzi ngumkhenkce echibini kokubhalwa kwembali. Funda i eziphila ukuba iye yakhula kwizigidi zeminyaka, yatyhila kwiintsholongwane ezazingaziwa kwinzululwazi. Discovery kubalulekile kuphuhliso nje lomhlathi, kodwa intsimi nophando. iziphumo ezingalindelekanga zibonisa ukuba isuphu yokutya ezinjalo kuphela phantsi kwe ice chap zoMhlaba, kodwa kwezinye iiplanethi kunye neesathelayithi zabo.