Indlela ukuhambisa yimisundululu? Indima lomsundulu endalweni

Lomsundulu (lat. Lumbricidae) ulilungu iklasi ka ezingenamqolo kunye yimisundululu suborder (Haplotaxida). emzimbeni wayo ubunjwe amacandelo thunzi, apho inani besukelana 320! Ezi zilwanyana ezisasazwa kuzo zonke iimbombo iplanethi yethu. Akukho kuphela e Antarctica. Amaxesha amaninzi abantwana banomdla ukuba uhamba njani yimisundululu. Kweli nqaku sihlalutya ngokweenkcukacha lo mba, yaye kwangaxeshanye bafunde inkangeleko yabo, indlela yokuphila kunye indlela yokuzala.

yimisundululu Lifestyle

Ukuba kusasa okanye emva kwemvula ukuba bahambe egadini, igadi yemifuno, ngoko, njengokuba umthetho, kubonakala phezu komhlaba izandla womhlaba omncinane betekisi ziintshulube, uze ubone ngokwabo kunye izadunge. Ngenxa yokuba aba bantu ukugaqa kumphezulu emva kwemvula emva kwabo, kunye negama wanamathela. Lomsundulu (photo, ngasentla, ibonisa le ezingenamqolo) Kwakhona enyakazelayo kumphezulu womhlaba ebusuku. Njengomgaqo, ukhetha umhlaba wamatye-sisityebi, ngoko ke kunqabile isabonakala sandstones. Akamthandi Imihlaba lomsundulu kunye afumileyo. Ezi mpawu zicacisiwe ngeempawu nokomzimba Lumbricidae. Isibakala sokuba iimpethu aphefumle yonke kumphezulu yomzimba wakhe ligqunywe sangaphandle Singabhalwa. In ukufuma komhlaba ifumile kakhulu kancinane lichithakale emoyeni. Ngenxa yoko, le lomsundulu apho bhulukhwe. Hi ndlela leyi, oku kuchaza yokuziphatha yakhe imvula. kumhlaba owomileyo kwakhona yingozi kubameli Haplotaxida: ulusu wabo elomileyo lesonka, kunye nokuphefumla zokumisa. Xa yimisundululu boya nefudumeleyo (ifoto ngezantsi ibonisa Lumbricidae kulo lonke "uzuko") zibanjwa kufuphi emhlabeni. Xa inani lobushushu, kunye kokufika kwexesha owomileyo zinyakazele kungena ingxenye yaso emhlabeni.

imbonakalo yimisundululu

Abantu abadala bafikelele iisentimitha-30 ubude, nangona kukho ezinye iimeko kunye nobukhulu ezinkulu. umzimba lomsundulu imtyibilizi, agudileyo, ngokumila zezindlu, iqulathe amacandelo - amakhonkco imisetyenzana. Loo siseko luchazwa yokuphila Lumbricidae: isakhiwo ezifana ibhexesha intshukumo zomhlaba. amakhonkco Inani imisetyenzana ifikelela ezimakhulu mabini. indawo yomzimba nabanako ngokuqhelekileyo abizwe, khaxa, ventral - flat ngokukhanya. Ngomhla umzimba lomsundulu, apho ke yagqitywa ekupheleni kwayo ngaphambili, kukho ukuqina, ekuthiwa ibhanti. Kukho glands ezizodwa kuvelisa ulwelo ancamathelayo. Ngexesha phindo lwe ibhanti yenziwe amaqanda Cocoon iqanda ukuphuhlisa kuyo.

Indlela ukuhambisa yimisundululu?

Abameli Haplotaxida khasa. Okokuqala, ukuba kume nesiphelo somphambili lwenyama yakhe, ninamathele seta, usebenziso, okanye kwicala ventral na lo msesane, kunye izitenxo ze kumphezulu womhlaba. Emva koko kukho ucutheko izihlunu kunye umva ilungu lomzimba uza kuncothulwa phambili. Intshukumo ntshulube emhlabeni ungachazwa ukuba kucaba iindinyana emhlabeni. Kule meko a ekupheleni etsolo umzimba yena utyhala emhlabeni, yaye emva licudisa phakathi kweengqakumbana ayo. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, njengoko yimisundululu ukuhamba ibe maleko ashinyeneyo ngakumbi. Ngexesha intshukumo, ke baginye umhlaba wegqitha nge amathumbu. Soil worms bakholisa ukuba imginye kubunzulu enkulu, kwaye betekisi nge ingquza sele phezulu, kufuphi ngoboya yakhe. Oko kusoloko kubonakala emhlabeni ehlotyeni ngokohlobo lunamahlwili amhlophe kwaye "imitya 'evuthelweyo.

Lomsundulu ne eziphilayo yayo

Iimpethu babe izihlunu ephuhliswe kakuhle, ngenxa apho wenza khona ngale ndlela yokuhamba. izihlunu zazo zifumaneka ngaphantsi sangaphandle, enyanisweni, bona, kunye nesikhumba ukwakha uhlobo yesikhumba-kwimisipha sac. Izihlunu akhiwe ngomaleko ezimbini. Ngoko nangoko izihlunu thunzi ibekwe phantsi sangaphandle, kwaye phantsi kwazo - owesibini, ziyatyeba umaleko longitudinal (yakhiwa kwimicu contractile elide). Ngexesha ucinezelo of longitudinal umzimba izihlunu lomsundulu iba ziyatyeba ngokuba mfutshane. Ngenxa kunciphiso musculature ring, phezu koko, - elide elibhityileyo. Alternate ekunciphiseni zombini zoleko kwezihlunu, lwenziwa phantsi kwempembelelo eyayizalwa kwi inwebu yesihlunu e-nervous system kwaye kudala intshukumo Lumbricidae.

Yisa worms lula kakhulu ubukho inxalenye esezantsi lomzimba namanwele encinane. Baziva, ukuba ubambe umnwe olumanzi esiswini kwale ntshulube ukusuka ngasemva ukuya ekupheleni ngaphambili. Ngezi ezifumaneka yimisundululu ukuhambisa kuphela emhlabeni, kodwa "ubambe 'ukuze ilizwe, xa uzama ukutsala. nabo kunceda ukwenyuka isehla ngomsebenzi osewenziwe yi ehamba emhlabeni. Oku uqukumbela zijongene lwethu kunye umbuzo ukuba uhamba njani yimisundululu, nihambe ukuba amanqaku njengoko umdla ngobomi Lumbricidae.

kwegazi

yimisundululu isimiso iqulathe neempahla ezimbini longitudinal - kunye nomtya ventral emqolo, kwakunye namasebe awo kokuxhuma. Ngenxa kwemisipha yindibanisela iindonga igazi kukho intshukumo wonke umzimba. Blood yimisundululu ebomvu. Ngayo, uxhulumaniso lusekiwe phakathi enyama yangaphakathi, kwaye wenziwe ukutya. Afundwa igazi ithwala iikhompawundi kwezondlo ukususela izitho zokugaya, kunye oksijini anikezelweyo nasesikhumbeni. Ngaxeshanye, izicwili livela carbon dioxide. Ukongezelela koko, igazi amalungu ovelisa ulwabiwo iikhompawundi angeyomfuneko yingozi.

yimisundululu Nutrition

Isiseko ngamandla abameli Haplotaxida ukwenza zeentsalela zezityalo ebolileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo xa yimisundululu ebusuku osusa umngxuma amagqabi, iziqu kunye like. Ukongeza, ukuba acande emhlabeni wakho wamatye-rich izibilini.

Kwinwebu yimisundululu

Special ingqiqo amalungu yimisundululu abanayo. ezenzeka ngaphandle bebona nge luvo. kakhulu Iintshulube zaphuhliswa ingqondo kwebala. iiseli zemithambo-luvo ukuba ababenoxanduva loko, ibekwe kulo kumphezulu esikhumbeni. Uvakalelo le lomsundulu bukhulu kangangokuba uninzi nokunyuka ukukhanya lomhlaba uzenze ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka bezimele imingxuma okanye ingxenye yaso emhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso kwalapho ezibuthathaka ayiphelelanga umsebenzi wetatshi. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba ukusebenzisa ezi seli yimisundululu bayakwazi ukuziva imitha yokukhanya. Ngoko ke, ukuba umbungu ebusuku ukuthumela umqadi isibane, izakulahleka ngesantya esiphezulu kwindawo ekhuselekileyo.

impendulo zezilwanyana nayiphi ukukhuthazwa, kwenziwa enkosi luvo, ngokuba reflex. Ukwahlula phakathi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ingqondo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuncitshiswa umzimba lomsundulu njengokubamba yena kunye nentshukumo kwakhe ukukhanya ngequbuliso umsebenzi ukhuseleko. Le reflex olukhuselayo. Amalinge izazinzulu lubonise ukuba yimisundululu nga azisezeli. Ngenxa ivumba bafumana ukutya.

buphindwe

Imisundululu zizala, nangona ngokuqhelekileyo protostomes ezi hermaphrodites. Nganye Haplotaxida ummeli kufuneka amalungu obudoda, nibizwayo amatyhalarha (apho sperm ukuphuhlisa) kunye nemibutho ababhinqileyo ngokuba amaqanda (iiseli iqanda akhiwa kuzo). Lomsundulu izalela amaqanda ayo Cocoon yangaphakathi. Oku wabumba into ephuma ngalo ibhanti. Cocoon Okulandelayo njenge bamba slips ukuhluba umzimba sanduluka kunye iziphelo. Yena uhleli phantsi kangangoko iimpethu abaselula uphume kuye. Cocoon isebenza ukukhusela amaqanda ukufuma kunye nezinye iziphumo ezibi.

Yaye yintoni na ofuna i ntshulube?

Eli candelo iya kuba luncedo abo bacinga ukuba yimisundululu zifuneka kuphela lokuloba. Kakade ke, lo weentlanzi ngaphandle kwawo akukho nto ngaphandle kuzo emlanjeni, kodwa asizizo zonke ezilungileyo abameli Lumbricidae. Indima lomsundulu kwindalo bukhulu kangangokuba zibalulekile. Eziphuhlisa ngayo yokubola lomba ephilayo emhlabeni. Ukongeza, yimisundululu wabatyebisa ilizwe isichumiso ezixabisekileyo - wamatye. ukuba nazo uhlobo lwesalathisi; ukuba umhlaba iqulethe eninzi ziimpethu, ngoko ke otyebileyo.

A ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo indima Haplotaxida ukuza uluntu kutshanje kuphela. Kodwa ngoku, abalimi abaninzi bakhetha ukusebenzisa imichiza yesichumiso, nangona ukuba babulala yonke into ephilayo. Namhlanje, imichiza ezizezinye wafumana - semisundululu kunye semisundululu. Enyanisweni, yinto wand magic emhlabeni, kuba ziqulathe isixa esikhulu phosphorus, potassium, initrogen, yiloo nto kanye izinto ezingundoqo izityalo ukukhula kwazo.

isiphelo

Imisundululu zezona ikhonkco ubalulekileyo ekubunjweni emhlabeni. Makhe sijonge inkqubo. Ekwindla amagqabi ayawa imithi njengogqubutheleyo yonke phezu komhlaba. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, iintsholongwane zomhlaba uthabathe ityala kunye namagqabi ibolile kwinyathelo umgquba. Emva koko khetha up iimpethu ikhuni ukuba zilungiswa phambi kwamahlamvu inyathelo semisundululu. Ngaloo isichumiso obaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni.