Iimfihlelo kolwandle. Abemi belimiweyo ehamba

Isibhakabhaka angaphezi amanzi ngawo onke amaxesha umdla unoloyiko umntu ngexesha elinye. oomatiloshe anesibindi eya ukuya kufuna angayaziyo. Uninzi iimfihlelo Ulwandle engekasonjululwa namhlanje. Hayi ngoba ayikho kubasebenzi yophando ngakuvileyo ukuba kwehayidrosfere olufundwa ngaphantsi kakuhle ngaphezu kwamanzi satellite yendalo komhlaba. Le yinyaniso, ngokuba kwinqanaba lolwazi amanzi olwandle lwehlabathi ayidluli-5%.

lothuli

Ukufunda yolwandle waqala ngaphambili kakhulu kunokuba wabagagamela babeziindleko yesiqalo ziwe ezikude. Created izixhobo zinokuwehlisa umntu ukuya kubunzulu enkulu. nobuchwepheshe ngophuhliso kunye neenkqubo kwamanzi iirobhothi. Ummandla olwandle nobunzulu yayo mkhulu kangangokuba isifundo, zakhiwa iintlobo ezininzi submersibles apho.

Emva kokwenza lo moya wokuqala andize iye emajukujukwini ngonyaka we-1961, izazinzulu ziye amandla aphoswe ekufundweni iphela. Iimfihlelo iilwandle abaye ecaleni kwendlela, kuba baba nengeniso kubo ngathi kunzima kakhulu ngakumbi. Kusungulwe inkqubo isifundo beelwandle ziye emkhenkceni okanye lincitshiswe.

iziganeko umdla

Abaphandi bafumana ulwazi malunga ubukho emazantsi olwandle imilambo kwamanzi. Ezinye iikhompawundi hydrocarbon ngokusebenzisa sibange umhlaba ngamandlakazi ukuba ibekwe phantsi umzimba ngamanzi, ugalelwe kunye nayo, lingashukumi. Le nto ke kuthiwa "nokungena ebandayo." Nangona kunjalo, amaqondo obushushu esisi of alithe gangqa amanzi ngeenxa zonke.

Underwater River - alikho isenzeko umdla kuphela. Ummandla iilwandle bukhulu kangangokuba ifihlakele phantsi eninzi imfihlelo. Kubonakele komile 7 kwiingxangxasi kwamanzi ngobukhulu esigqithileyo analogs ezaziwayo kumhlaba. Loo mbutho ulolo hlobo engaqhelekanga kwamanzi okubangelwe yezizathu eziliqela:

• amaqondo ezahlukeneyo yenkitha kwamanzi ;
• evelela amandla;
• ubukho mphandle entsonkothileyo kumphezulu ezantsi.

Indibaniso zonke ezi zinto zibangela intshukumo amanzi ezixineneyo enkulu, nto leyo nemikhanzi phantsi.

Zobisi kunye emazantsi olwandle lobuxoki

Ukuvutha olwandle ezimnyama indawo ebizwa ngokuba "elwandle iMilky". Abaphandi abhalwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo iziganeko ezinjalo film. Kukho yeengcinga ezininzi efuna ukucacisa kubo, kodwa ukubiza ubulawe kukona amanzi muntu. Ngokutsho komnye wabo, "Milk Sea" - Sisihloko enkulu ezincinane ezibengezelayo. ukuvutha Property ebumnyameni kwaye ezinye Ocean iintlanzi.

ezinqeni - esinye ngumkhuba twisisaka, nto leyo maxa wambi isayensi nayo. Sisihlandlo sokuqala yaba emva 1942, xa izazinzulu usebenzisa sonar yabona kubunzulu amakhulu kweemitha 4 maleko iingcinga engaqhelekanga Imiqondiso ive. uphando Eminye bafumanisa ukuba lo inwebu ebusuku ayanyuka abe phezu kwamanzi, kunye isifingo singena kwakhona. izazinzulu inawo yaqinisekisa le nto wadala ocean izilwanyana - squid. Bona nyanya kwelanga yaye bemka baya kuzimela ngamanzi. izihloko oxineneyo ezi zinto ziphilayo musa nokudlulisela amaza omsindo.

Izixhobo Acoustic kwakhona ithumba amaza isandi elingaqhelekanga nesampula eziphuma. Baye esafunyanwa 90 ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. Emva kwethutyana ke zixhobo engasekho bamba esi senzeko. Kwakhona, isandi kwabonakala kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, ukuba phezulu kwaye ohlukeneyo. Izazinzulu azibonisi umthombo wabo kunye unobangela.

I Bermuda unxantathu

Kukho nezinye iimfihlakalo elwandle, ebangela badyuduzele ndoda eqhelekileyo. Kwiindawo ezithile ezilahlekileyo ngokupheleleyo iimpahla lomoya nolwandle, ndawonye nabantu, kukho whirlpools ezinkulu wambona izangqa ezibengezelayo. Abaninzi baye beva malunga eyimfihlakalo Bermuda Triangle, apho kukho onke la. zone Area malunga 1 Mill. ^km2. Ukuva ngale mmandla umangalisayo waya emva yokuduka ezontathu ngowe-1945 Bakwazi ukugqithisa ulwazi elahlekile yokuqhelaniswa esithubeni. Ukususela ngelo xesha ziye yentlaninge yamatyala ezifanayo apho.

La ukuba bafunde, babeka phambili iingcamango ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuba azame ukucacisa kubo. Uninzi lwabo pseudo-yenzululwazi kwaye asikwazi kuthathwe lula. Enye eziphawuleka kakhulu luye ndamgocagoca D. Monaghan. Wabona isizathu izihloko ezizizembiwa kunye nezinye iigesi kwi imeko eziqinileyo kwi emgangathweni wolwandle. Iinkqubo ziitectonic plates eqhubekayo ewachaphazelayo. Ngenxa yoko, le nto kuya urhulumente sukube kwaye Abizelwa kwi phezu kwamanzi.

Inkundla waya ezantsi, ngokuba lexinene yamanzi yehla kakhulu. Aircraft walahlekelwa orientation phantsi amanyathelo zegesi. Movement of hydrocarbon emanzini kudala infrasound, nto leyo ebangela abantu yimeko uphaphazele. Olu loyiko akwazi ukwenza iqela amandla ngokupheleleyo ukubaleka umkhombe. Le ndawo eliyimfihlakalo ukuba babeziindleko enkulu yamanzi kuphela. Ziziphi ezinye iimfihlelo ezilwandle kuya kufuneka ukuba sicacise izazinzulu nga ndicinga kuphela.

umhlaba ahlekisayo

Phantsi kwamanzi iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye inkangeleko engaqhelekanga. Ezinye zazo ziyityhefu, ngoxa abanye azinabungozi. Iintlobo engakholelekiyo eemilo kunye nobukhulu, kwakunye nezixhobo ezingaqhelekanga, esebenzisa ngalo izilwanyana ezigqunyiweyo yolwandle okanye ixhoba. Phakathi nxalenye obufihlakeleyo esikhulu kwengwane 13 m ubude. Le mmi ihlabathi kwamanzi ngenxa kwekhamera wavuka kutshanje. Ngokutsho kwabanye, ubukhulu bayo kuba inkulu kakhulu, ukuya kwi-18 m. Equal ngamandla kuye kuphela iminenga isidoda kunye shark ezibandayo.

ezinzulwini zolwandle babe abemi ezininzi zezilwanyana ezingenamqolo yaye ngeentsholongwane ukuba ezantsi ngokoqobo echokoziweyo. Ukutya kwabo okunjani, apho walitshiza phezu kwabo. Iingxaki isonjululwe ulwandle kunye nabemi bayo, umzekelo, umba ku ri iintsalela eziphilayo. Ukuphonononga iimpawu iilwandle, oosonzululwazi bafumanisa bacterium ahlala nzulu ngaphantsi ezantsi kwayo. Uhlala phantsi trehsotmetrovoy sedimentary umaleko ezigidi zeminyaka.

angangenwa

Coral siphila ezinzulwini ukuya ku-6 km - mbono umdla kakhulu. Phantsi umaleko enjalo lobushushu amanzi lingaphumi ngentla 2ºC +. wobukhosi yabo ayikho ngaphantsi kwabo sibona amanzi kuyaphi kweelwandle yimvula. Ubomi ezi zinto ziphilayo kwenzeka kancinci, kwaye indawo enkulu kakhulu.

Ukuze siqonde ubungakanani usasazo zafunyanwa kuphela emva kokuba ukusetyenziswa trawls. Ocean fish waqala ukuba ubanjwe indlela okungenaluzsini kangangokuba Deplete le ekostrukturu ezantsi. Vala eNorway, oko kwafunyanwa indawo mkhulu zokuhlala kwabo. It ine indawo ^{km2 100.}

kolwandle izimanga

Enye yezinto eziphilayo uye wafumanisa zizazinzulu kummandla imithombo kwamanzi ashushu, apho amanzi abilayo batsho phantsi kolu qweqwe lomhlaba elwandle. Lo mmandla uya lubanzi ezahlukeneyo ezingenamqolo kunye ezincane. Phakathi kwazo kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlanzi. lwegciwane Found unako ukuphila emanzini elibaleka lobushushu of 121ºC.

Ulwandle 70% wobuso iplanethi yethu. Izazinzulu ziye zafumana ezininzi iziganeko umdla eliyimfihlakalo kumhlathi yakhe. Noko ke, ukuba ukusombulula imfihlelo iphambili iilwandle baye okwangoku.