Engqinibeni nokwakheka, isakhiwo, umsebenzi

Umzimba womntu inkqubo ebumbeneyo. Ngenxa icebo elililo nezibilini zalo, uyaqonda yonke imisebenzi eziyimfuneko ebomini. Intsika iphambili somzimba ngamathambo. Ezi zilandelayo zithathwa ukuba njengesakhi esibalulekileyo senkqubo yonikezelo amalungu kunye nemisipha. Enkosi kwaba bantu abafundileyo bayakwazi ukwenza nayiphi na intshukumo.

Amalunga nemilenze ukuba anele. Inkoliso yabo kuvandlakanywa izandla neminwe. Nakuba kunjalo, ukwenzela ukuba yonke intshukumo nemilenze, umsebenzi owenziwe amalungu ezintathu ezinkulu: igxalaba, ingqiniba kunye esihlahleni. Anatomy of izakhiwo nkcukacha, ngenxa yokuba kumafa zabo iindawo ezininzi (amathambo, nemisipha, izihlunu, imizwa kunye neempahla yegazi).

Yintoni uyibhekise?

Anatomy of the joint ngengqiniba, ngegxalaba edibeneyo, kwakunye esihlahleni yindlela iyavisisana ukuba izakhi ezimbalwa. Ngalinye kula kubalulekile. Kuphela isakhiwo efanelekileyo lonke ilunga, oko unako ukwenza imisebenzi yayo. Ezingaqhelekanga okanye ukuphazamiseka ngethambo okanye isixhobo ligamentous kukhokelela sanctions iintshukumo nemilenze. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo le ngezifo kwemithambo yegazi kunye luvo.

Anatomy of leziNdlu engqinibeni iqulethe amathambo 3, ezinye nemisipha, philisi kunye kwezihlunu. Kuba ukusebenza nganye kwezi ezisebenzela igazi oluyimfuneko innervation. Njengalo naluphi na ilungu lomzimba eye imithambo yegazi kunye luvo kunye uyibhekise.

Anatomy of zakhe khon 'ukuze onke amacandelo kunye kwenza umsebenzi omnye single - ukususa lomzimba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, igama elithi "engqinibeni" ibandakanya kungekuphela nje ezidityanelweyo kodwa yengalo. Ngenxa yomsebenzi eququzelelweyo ezi zigqeba iyakwazi ukwenza le misebenzi ilandelayo:

1. Flexion alo mlenze eliphezulu.
2. Pronation kunye supination.
3. ingalo Extension.
4. Isihlobo kwaye bazise kunene.

Amathambo kunye amalungu engqinibeni

Anatomy of leziNdlu engqinibeni kunzima, ekubeni a joint entsonkothileyo. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu yokuba le nkqubo ibandakanya amathambo 3. Ukongeza, ngamnye kubo eziqhagamshelene esebenzisa namalungu amancinane. Bonke bephela phantsi capsule okhethekileyo - kwingxowa.

Kucacile ukuba siqwalasele le imfundo kuba sabheka ekhethekileyo. Apho ungabona onke amalungu ezakha joint ingqiniba. Komzimba (photo efumaneka Atlas, kusinceda siqonde ngcono kuyo) wemfundo ebonelelwa apho kwiikona ezahlukeneyo kunye namacandelo ukuba kucace yonke isixhobo sakhe.

Bone, ilungu welungu kuchaziwe, ibekwe kwi phezulu (proximal), ebizwa ngokuba ihumerus. Iqala ukusuka lweHo- egxalabeni uphele kwinqanaba ingqiniba. Libhekisela emathanjeni tubular ngamathambo. Xa sijonga kuyo emnqamlezweni-candelo, kunokuthi kubonwe ukuba inxalenye ephantsi ngokumila ngunxantathu. Kulo mmandla kukho phezu articular. isabelo sayo eliphakathi liqhagamshelene ulna kwaye yenza a joint encinane. Ibizwa - joint humeroulnar.

Icala (yokuxazulula) yikhompawundi nge ithambo iphiramidi. Apho, kakhulu, kukho joint, ekuthiwa amalungu brachioradialis. amathambo ezimbini ezakha edibeneyo engqinibeni ngecala distal, kananjalo ixhulumane. Bakha joint sesithathu - radioulnar proximal. Kwaye yonke imfundo kunye kuluhlu egubungele bag.

Ziziphi iinyanda akhiwa engqinibeni?

Ukongeza emathanjeni, okukhona welungu engqinibeni ibandakanya nemisipha. It is a Imicu zeethishu nokuqina apho kufuneka kwakhona ukuphumeza iintshukumo. Nazi ezithungwini zilandelayo:

1. izibambiso ziqu. Iqala ukusuka ethe inxenye (condyle) ulna, nto leyo ifumaneka kwicala. Okulandelayo, iqela phantsi ngezantsi yaye bend entloko iphiramidi. Emva ukuba iqhotyoshelwe isithole phezu kwalo.
2. Ulnar izibambiso. Abe mabini, njengawokuqala, oko evela condyle le ihumerus (ngaphakathi). Emva koko kubhaliwe ngembobo. Igcina le mfundo trochlear lweenotshi.
3. lungu thunzi le radius. Le ibekwe phakathi ngaphambili kunye nenotshi diff. Imicu ye-inshorensi lungu radius, ngaloo ndlela ukuthimba kuyo ukusa engqinibeni.
4. Square. Kube lula uqhagamshelwano lwe entanyeni umgama ekugawuleni ingqiniba.
5. inwebu Interosseous le yengalo. It is a inyama ashinyeneyo nokuqina into efunekayo ukulungisa. Singene isithuba yonke phakathi ulna kunye radius.

Izihlunu ezakha joint uyibhekise

Izihlunu - igunya apho umntu enze flexion kunye nokwandiswa imilenze. ingqiniba komzimba iquka izihlunu striated, kodwa izihlunu ezingaqukwanga kwi nokwakheka entlanganweni. Kunjalo, lukwa yinxalenye, njengoko ngaphandle kwabo, joint akakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wayo. Izihlunu ibekwe proximal kunye kummandla distal, oko kukuthi, ngaphezulu nangaphantsi entlanganweni. Phakathi kwabo:

1. Kwamagxa. Kubhaliwe ibekwe ngentla kancinci entlanganweni. Enkosi kwiintshukumo yakhe yengalo flexion iyenziwa.
2. Zomfana (zomfana). Iqala kwi phezulu ihumerus, kakuhle ubonwe nangengalo ombane. Libhekisela kwiqela flexor kulo.
3. Three-intloko. Unoxanduva intshukumo yengalo.
4. Anconeus. Imfuneko ukwandiswa entlanganweni.
5. Flexor carpi ulnaris.
6. Pronator teres kwezihlunu. Inxaxheba Rise zengalo.
7. palmar kwezihlunu Long. Kwabanye abantu, ukuba ayikho. Le imisipha ifunelwa ukwandiswa zengalo nesandla.
8. flexor digitorum phezulu.
9. Brachioradialis kwezihlunu. Lijongene ukujika ukugoba.
10. Muscle-instep. Le ise ithambo ndawo yengalo.
11. ziqu extensor Long kunye elifutshane.

Ngenxa zonke kwisiphelo zabo eliphezulu ubonisa intshukumo. Ngoko ke, kufuneka kwaziwe ukuba izakhiwo yokwakheka ye engqinibeni. Ngapha koko, izihlunu ababandakanyekayo intshukumo yengalo.

Yintoni na ingxowa welungu uyibhekise: nokwakheka

Zonke izakhiwo yokwakheka welungu engqinibeni afakwe engxoweni ekuthiwa njalo-. Luquka ezi synovia, nto leyo ibekwe ngaphakathi ulwelo. Em- wengxowa ibandakanya zonke 3 amalungu ithambo. Ngenxa yoko, oko kwasekwa enye ehlangeneyo - ingqiniba.

Ngenxa yoko, ngamnye namalungu amathathu elincinane nayo apha ebhegini. Hi ndlela leyi, le iqokobhe ekhoyo kuzo zonke amalungu omzimba. Ikhusela amathambo kunye nemisipha umonakalo. A ulwelo ngaphakathi ingxowa, kuyimfuneko ukwenza amafutha indawo articular. Ngenxa kulwelo lwamalunga amalungu kunye Amathambo konakale kule ngozi (ngexesha intshukumo).

Ziziphi imithambo nikeza igazi ukusa engqinibeni

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke imfundo ezakha ngengqiniba elisebenze ukuhamba kwegazi kuyimfuneko. It lwenziwa ngoncedo iimpahla ezinkulu ezintathu. Phakathi kwabo: i ihumerus, ulna kunye umthambo iphiramidi. Ngamnye kubo, nayo iye lisebe. Ngokubanzi, uyibhekise ekhutshwe ngegazi imithambo-8 unyenyisa ukusuka ezintathu. Ezinye zazo ukubonelela ioksijini ukuba izihlunu zakho. Okunye kwegazi emathanjeni namalungu.

Zonke ezi kwenza uthungelwano kwimikhumbi - anastomosis. Ngenxa yoko, xa ngokoyiswa omnye wabo, igazi nangoku zisiwe umzimba. Kunjalo anastomoses phakathi imithambo azisoloko zisiza amanxeba. Kungenxa ukopha kakhulu kwinethiwekhi nemithambo kunzima ukuba ayeke.

Zonke imithambo akhiwe phezu komhlaba kwizingxobo ezimanyeneyo. Enkosi kubo, yonke edibeneyo kuxhaswa yi-oksijini.

Vienna uyibhekise

Inkqubo lwemithambo yi isasazwa kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngaba Akukho ngaphandle kunye nokwakheka welungu ingqiniba. ephuma lwemithambo osuka kwiziseko ziquka oku kuhambisana lwenziwa enegama elifanayo (imithambo) iimpahla. Oko kukuthi, igazi osisityebi ikharbon dayokhsayidi oyikhupha ngonyaka, ngaphandle kwe ariya joint luphinda lubuyiselwe kubathathi-nkqubo intliziyo. Bekela bucala iimpahla zilandelayo ethwele lokuphuma:

• ezisezantsi neziphezulu ulnar akananto - ukuba ngamahlumela ukusuka ndlela brachial;
• ukubuyela engqinibeni - it amasebe amabini (ngaphambili nangesemva). Bobabini ziyinxalenye Kusenjalo cubital;
• ukubuya interosseous;
• ukubuyela radiation - egazini ubonelelo engqinibeni inxenye 1 amasebe awo;
• amanqaku angumndilili mali iphiramidi.

Kuba ezi imithambo kwenziwa igazi emithanjeni yegazi pool ezintathu. Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba ngendlela efanayo njengoko imithambo: i ziqu, ulnar negxalaba. Bonke kuwa emthanjeni axillary enkulu.

Anatomy of engqinibeni: semibhobho nkovu (iimpahla kunye neendawo)

Inkqubo emithanjeni yenziwe iimpahla kunye imibhobho. Kwakhona, emzimbeni kukho amaqela ezininzi iindawo ezinkulu yoluvo. Phakathi kwabo: axillary, engqinibeni, inguinal kunye nezinye izihloko kwithishyu lymphoid. Ukongeza, kukho iiyunithi ezincinane.

Nkovu lokulawula amanzi oluqhutywa izinto ezinzulu. Bona kufutshane kwemithambo ngemithambo alo mlenze eliphezulu. Lymphatics izandla qala kuthungelwano wesundu, baleka ecaleni amathambo kunye engenanto zibe kumacandelo ulnar kulo. ephuma Further kuyaqhubeka kwinqanaba egxalabeni. Ulwelo ke abayiqokeleleyo kwiindawo nkovu axillary. Emva koko kukho ukuphuma ukuya buti subclavian. Emva koko - in ekunene duct thoracic ekhohlo.

Innervation le emagxeni nengqiniba amalungu

Ukuze siqonde oko kwenziwa njani intshukumo ngesa-, kubalulekile ukufunda eli candelo njengoko owakhiwe welungu ingqiniba. Innervation le ekwenziweni amelwe kwiziseko ezintathu eziphambili. Nabo ke, ukuba yahlulahlulwa ngokwamasebe ezincinane.

Kwicala ngaphambili ngengqiniba ezi ziqu kunye nemithambo udibaniso. Okokuqala - owenza imisebenzi-2. Yena ziliqhubela extensor izihlunu engqinibeni kunye iwotshi, kwaye linoxanduva Ezomva Uvakalelo zengalo kunye lesandla lencoko. I-luvo median udlula phantse yonke nemilenze. Ngokusisiseko, owenza usebenze wesundu flexor neminwe, kwakunye - pronator teres kwezihlunu. I-luvo enkulu lesithathu - ulnar. I palmar distal akungeni isebe esilawula iminwe-4 no-5. Inxalenye proximal innervate ukuba izihlunu ezi ziyenza.

iimpawu yokwakheka ye isakhiwo uyibhekise ebantwaneni

Anatomy of engqinibeni ebantwaneni eyahlukileyo kubantu abadala. Noko ke, le ndibanisela umntwana lula ngakumbi kukwenzakala. Kwaye ke dislocation osetyenziswe welungu ingqiniba. Oku kungenxa yokuba izihlunu lwamalunga ebantwaneni akukho ngokwaneleyo babunjwe kuthelekiswa nabantu abadala. Ngenxa yoko, kukunaba izandla abantwana kwenzeka intloko ziqu podvivyh. Ngokubanzi, le meko elifana neli kwiminyaka ukususela kwiminyaka 1 ukuya ku-3. Kwaye oku ixhaphake kakhulu amantombazana.

into ihlelwe njani ingqiniba ezinjeni

inja ingqiniba uyafana komzimba womntu. Le yingxaki joint izilwanyana neyeza lemfuyo. engqinibeni ingakumbi izinja kucingwa ukuba kubuphepha ngokudibeneyo inyama dysplasia. Esi sifo kuqhelekile phakathi iintlobo ezininzi. Libhekisela malformations bekhubazekile. Xa dysplasia ke intshabalalo chu nyama, ebangela kwizifo zezilwanyana ikhokelela ekuqhwaleleni.