Imbali AvtoVAZ. olunika umdla neefoto

Xa 60s zenkulungwane yokugqibela yavelisa iintlobo eziliqela zimoto USSR. "I Cossacks", "iVolga" yaye "Moskvich" iya kuhlala ngonaphakade inkumbulo Abemi belizwe lethu njengoko nostalgia baloo maxesha akude. Kodwa eSoviet Union ngelo xesha akwanelanga yeemoto. Baba nzima ukufumana kwimalike kawonkewonke. Oomashini bahambisa kwizintlu kumashishini amakhulu.

Ukuze ukuhlangabezana nemfuno eyandayo izithuthi-wheel ezine, isigqibo senziwa zobunkokeli lizwe yokwakha mveliso entsha imoto. Njengoko kwanziwe izicwangciso, kwafuneka ukuba athathe isikhundla waka kwishishini lemveliso imoto umkhweli. Ukususela ngalo mzuzu iqala ibali AvtoVAZ. ekwakhiweni kwawo kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu (2 umphinda-ngokukhawuleza kunokuba acwangcisiweyo). lobuchwepheshe izixhobo Umjikelo wadala nje kuphela imizi-mveliso ye-USSR, kodwa kukho inani kwamanye amazwe yobusoshiyali, kwakunye US kunye amazwe aseYurophu.

plant Idala

IVolga Automobile Plant uye wagqiba ukwakha kwisixeko Togliatti. Ukuze wenze oku, ubunkokeli eli lizwe ekwagqitywa ngayo ngo-Agasti 1966 kwisivumelwano inkxalabo Italian "Kwiat", nto leyo yanceda ekwakhiweni bakaRafa auto. Abazange kuphela ukwakha imveliso enkulu-umjikelo opheleleyo, ukwenza izixhobo ezifanelekileyo, kodwa ukuqeqesha abasebenzi.

Imbali AvtoVAZ e Togliatti, nokuba kwinqanaba edala bafumana isiganeko encinane. Isibakala sokuba logo zimoto ezintsha kraca weza kunye namagcisa Soviet. mbono isiketshi yeyesinye neenkokeli eyinkunzi A. Dekalenkovu. Kodwa ukwenza ezi iilogo zaba Italy. "Kwiat" iipowusta amathathu zokuqala sidalwe impazamo. Kwisixeko "Tolyatti" igama le leta "Mna" wabonakala kwincwadi «R» result. Umtshato ngokukhawuleza kakhulu indawo.

Igama kwisityalo zange ezikhethwe umzekeliso nabanye Soviet eyenziwe, enabizwa, umzekelo, Ulyanovsk kunye Gorky. Oku kwenziwa ngaphandle ukuchaneka kwezopolitiko. Kungenjalo, "ukuphepha Jokes engafanelekanga kunokwenzeka ukuba akukho."

Isiqalo

Kwanangaphambi ekugqityweni kokwakhiwa isityalo esaqala ngayo uqeqesho. edumileyo imoto "Zhiguli" - - Bulelani Vaz-2101 ukuya Imigudu abasebenzi, ngo-1970 i-6 "iisenti" kuqala zaye zaveliswa.

Imfuno iimoto kwaba kukhulu ukuba intengiso na ubuchule imveliso kuphela. Kulo nyaka wokuqala bakhululwa-mali ka-100 lamawaka. Pieces.

Imbali AvtoVAZ (photo imoto yokuqala thaca kamva) ityhila uphuhliso ngokukhawuleza kule ingxilimbela. Phantse ukusuka kwiminyaka yokuqala wokusetyenziswa kwakhona ingqalelo kumazwe angaphandle.

Ngowe-1973, Vaz-2101 baqala ukunikeza kwimarike yehlabathi. Noko ke, le brand kwafuneka ukuba igama kwi Lada. Igama "Zhiguli" in French izandi ezifana "Gigolo" (umntu, umxhentso kuba imali).

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amanqaku "Lada" yaveliswa odla zasekhaya. "Lada" uvinjwa ukuvelisa.

Kuzakwandisa isantya production

Imbali kuphuhliso AvtoVAZ sele kwenzekayo. Emva kokuqalisa lwemveliso ngo-1970 kwaye kwimarike yehlabathi, imifuziselo ezintsha koomatshini sele ziphuhlisiwe. Zizo ezo Vaz-2102 kunye Vaz-2103.

Ngowe-1980, i-eSoviet Union ebebambe Olympics waza wayibeka phezu yokuthutha "emiHlanu" (Vaz-2105). Noko ke, le mifuziselo nangona kwaye saba nebango umona, kodwa kakhulu zithandwa kwimbali kwisityalo umgqomo i- "Six" (Vaz-2106). Uye wakhululwa kwimveliso ngo-1976.

amandla emveliso AvtoVAZ yabonelelwa mveliso ezintlanu. Ukususela ngowe-1966 ukuya 1991 kwakukho Belebeevsky isityalo "Avtonormal" Skopinsky kunye Dmitrovgradsky Auto Amanqaku ewonke yeziTyalo, TPP Vaz kunye "AvtoVAZagregat".

"Kopeika" yaye "bamaZwe"

Ukukhumbula yonke imizekelo AvtoVAZ (imbali bakaRafa auto), azikwazi kodwa ukuhlawula irhafu umntwana wakhe wokuqala. Zizo ezo Vaz-2101 kunye Vaz-2103. "Penny" Okokuqala wabizwa ukuba imivo ezimbini zokugqibela inamba yemodeli yayo ebantwini. Imoto yesibini baqalisa wayebhekisela "bamaZwe."

"Kopeika" iguqulwe yimiqathango yiSoviet imodeli iindlela sedan Kwiat 124. Xa imoto lwasekhaya yanyuswa ukucoca emhlabeni ukusuka mm 110 ukuya 175. Kwakhona, ababhekisi phambili aye anda iziqhoboshi nokumiswa. Lo matshini kwaba luphawu leSoviet ezi 70 iimoto. "Kopeika" waba nguyise imoto ekunokungena nge wheel drive diff kunye neemodeli "Classic" ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Kungekudala emva kokuba bayinzala swa le "penny" yokuqala ezifakwa yemveliso "bamaZwe". Oku ngelo xesha ekuthiwa "kubunewunewu" indlela. Yaba kuyasetyenzwa ngokucokisekileyo "nesenti". ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yahlawulwa ukuyila. Le moto izibane ezine, izinto chrome kunye nokuphucuka kwidashboard.

Models ezilandelayo kungafezeki

Xa yakhupha zokuqala ezimbini imifuziselo iimoto, imbali AvtoVAZ uye zitshintsha eziliqela ithandwayo "penny". Emva restyling yakhe ezinzulu ubeke phezu yokuthutha ka Vaz-2104, 2105, 2106 no 2107 yaba "Six" ezidume kakhulu phakathi kwabo. Yaba kwase le Kwiat 124 Speciale. Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 kuveliswe le modeli ziye makuthengiswe million 4.3 Vaz-2106.

It bathengisa kakuhle, kwaye ezinye ezithathu iibrand yeemoto. Abayili baye njengefashoni ngelo izibane xesha yoxande. Ingaphakathi nayo siphazamiseka kakhulu. Ngcono injini imoto yakhe. "Six" kwaye namhlanje ithathwa kakhulu umatshini ethandwayo.

models 80

Imbali "AvtoVAZ" kwi-imi- 80 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela, ubalisa ibali kwisigaba entsha imveliso. isizukulwana esitsha lonke "zwi" neemoto iphuhlisiwe ngeli xesha. Kuba index olungqamelanayo kwi gumbi, ngathi imifuziselo ezidlulileyo, abantu ngelika imoto "ezisibhozo". It waphawulwa ekupheleni ngaphambili nesinqumka-bujikelezwe. "Zibazele" nangoku ebizelwe loo Vaz-2108.

Le umfuziselo injini entsha, gearbox. Yena waba drive phambi-wheel. ukuma imoto waba ashukimisayo ngakumbi, xa kuthelekiswa iimoto elidlulileyo. Umzimba waba isakhiwo amandla. Le modeli lwandiswe kunye isigebenga auto Porsche. AmaJamani wanceda umenzi yasekhaya kwindalo yonke into ngaphandle design.

Emva kwexesha elithile yokuthengiswa Vaz-2108 kunye umnyango ezintlanu-uhlobo umzimba nezinye and sedan.

midget "Oka" yaphuhliswa 80s emva kwexesha. umatshini saso isampuli Daihatsu Cuore 1980. Kamva, ngaphandle AvtoVAZ, "Oka" yakhululwa ngathi 'SeAZ "yaye" KAMAZ ".

Tyala emva kokuwa USSR

Ukuwa yiSoviet Union wacaphuka gqitha namashishini amaninzi ezinkulu nezincinane, kuquka AvtoVAZ. Imbali kwisityalo ibonisa ukuba ngxilimbela lwezithuthi namava ngeli xesha lobunzima enzulu ixesha elide.

Inyaniso kukuba ngemihla ebuhlungu ngenxa AvtoVAZ, isityalo wadibana into efana "ukhuphiswano." Ukuza kuthi ga kubathengi Soviet ukuthenga zimoto zizayo off line ibandla ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Kodwa ngoku lizwe waphuphuma nendlela, nangona iimoto yesibini-ngesandla lwasemzini eyenziwe.

Kumaxesha Soviet, ezithwala of imveliso yasekhaya ngcono kancinci. Ngoko ke, xa kuthelekiswa ne-iimoto amazwe, kodwa musa ukuma ukuya ekuthabatheni inxaxheba. Lo mzi-mveliso wajongana imfuneko ukunciphisa imveliso. Ngaphezu kwama-25% emisebenzi kunqunyulwa. Hayi wasinceda ngenkxaso karhulumente. Ukuze alinganayo imfuno iimoto angaphandle kunye zasekhaya zaye zaziswa imisebenzi amasiko eziphakamileyo. Kodwa zange ukunceda.

Ingqesho kweemeko lobunzima

Imbali isixelela AvtoVAZ nzima ngenene le mihla le nkampani. imfuno azonelanga ukuba imifuziselo imoto eziphelelwe lixesha, umzabalazo kuba ubunini kwishishini akazange negalelo ephumayo ukusuka ntlekele.

Ngaphezu koko, ingxaki inkqubo zemali iye negalelo kukwehla imicimbi. State ixhasa ngamandla ishishini iqhawuka. Kodwa iingxaki zangaphakathi nezangaphandle accumulated ayikwazi ukuba kusonjululwe la manyathelo.

iziganeko zobusela ubunzima iimveliso kunye namacandelo ziye ezisisigxina. Baba omkhulu, nokuba isixa inkampani enkulu. Ngo-2009, ukuhla kwiintengiso kwaba irekhodi yaye 39%, xa kuthelekiswa ne-2008.

Ukuze ugcine isityalo imoto ngobukhulu kweli lizwe kwakufuneka utyalo-mali olukhulu. Liyenzile imilinganiselo anti-ntlekele. Ukugqiba iingxaki zayo zangaphakathi nangaphandle, inkampani le inokuba sibuyele ngeenyawo.

Out of the Crisis

nengxaki enzulu eqhubekayo abanamava AvtoVAZ. Imbali kwisityalo uneminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 ukuya kumgxobhozo, imveliso nathemba kwi intswelo ephantsi. Noko ke, isivuno kunjalo leli. NgoJulayi 2009, kwafikelelwa kwisivumelwano phakathi "Ubugcisa Russian" kunye nenkampani Renault-Nissan. "AvtoVAZ" fund abagunyazisiweyo kuye kwagqitywa ukwandisa. Ngayo utyalo million 240 kowethu Renault-Nissan Iqela (kwaba-25% yazo zonke izabelo) kunye izihlandlo ezithathu ubungakanani "Technologies Russian" (nokunyusa isabelo yayo kwikomkhulu ogunyaziswe 44%). Inkampani "bamaZwe Yencoko yababini" ngelo xesha kokulahlekelwa 17.5% yesabelo yayo.

Ukongeza, kwagqitywa ukunika isikhundla umyili oyintloko Steve Mattin, obekhe usesikhundleni efanayo kwiinkampani zehlabathi ezifana "Mercedes" yaye "Volvo". Oko laqala kwisithuba ukululama ngcembe.

I post-Soviet imodeli cars

AvtoVAZ, ibali kwendalo kunye nomsebenzi wayebazi ezininzi amahla-ndinyuka, ngexesha lobunzima iphawulwa imifuziselo uhlaziyo encinane. Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni-imi- 90 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela iimodeli amatsha ambalwa yaba Vaz-2110. Yaba sedan iphuhliswe ngokususela "Group of Eight". Le moto umzimba kakhulu yoqobo yomboniseli kunye nomzobo ingaphakathi.

Emva kwakhe iminyaka emalunga ne-10, imveliso wayengazi zezinto ezibalulekileyo. Le ntlekele eyehlela isityalo eliqhuba ngaphambili, sichaphazele zonke iinkalo zomsebenzi wayo. Kuphela ngo-2003 ngokusekelwe «GM-AvtoVAZ" joint venture wangena kwimveliso Chevrolet Niva. Emva konyaka, imveliso imoto ekunokungena, hatchbacks kunye "Kalina" uhlobo isikhululo wagon yasekwa Togliatti.

2007 kwaphawula ukukhululwa imodeli entsha imoto omkhulu Lada Priora. Ukuvuselela imfuno kubathengi ngo-2011 ukuya indawo "Kalina" kwavela uguqulelo zitshiphu ye "Grant". Ngo-2012, imveliso iyasebenza inguqulelo elungisiweyo ye Renault Logan uhlobo jikelele Lada Largus.

Museum of AvtoVAZ

"AvtoVAZ" ukukhathazeka imbali etyebileyo. Ngoko ke, akumangalisi ukuba iye museum yayo. Ngomnye ngamaziko ezinkulu ezifana kwilizwe lethu. I Museum of History ise AvtoVAZ e Togliatti. It lunikezelwa kakuhle wayengaziwa kuphela ekhaya, kodwa amazwe brand "Lada".

Le myuziyam uye kuphela ebalulekileyo ingakumbi ngenxa yembali avuleke zezityalo. Kukho into yokuqala eyenziwa emva ekuweni yiSoviet Union "Grant" umzekelo "Largus", "Kalina". Kwakhona kule myuziyam uyakwazi ukufumana oomatshini ukuba into kuphinda ukuba akukho mveliso, kodwa ezitratweni zelizwe lethu akunakwenzeka ukuba ubone.

yonke imbali ngosuku lokuqala isityalo kwixesha langoku igcinwa ezindongeni yimyuziyam odumileyo. Eyokuqala "cherry" penny iphunyezwe ngokusebenzisa kwinethiwekhi yayo lweshishini, ngoku oluboniswe apha. It wenziwa utyando umnini wayo iminyaka malunga ne-19. Wayinika myuziyam ngo-2000, apho wafumana isipho imoto entsha, sele iqalile nje imakethwe.

A izibakala ezimbalwa umdla

Imbali emfutshane AvtoVAZ abuyonto ngaphandle ezinye iinyani ezinika umdla. Umzekelo, "Field" (okanye Vaz-2121) yaba imoto ekhaya kuphela, wabaQokeleli wathengiswa eJapan.

Esi sixeko apho mveliso imoto, ngaphambili ogama aseStavropol yakhiwa. Kodwa ngo-1964 kwathiwa igama imbeko kuNobhala Jikelele we Communist Party of Italy Palmiro Togliatti. Wafa ngethuba bekutyelelo "Artek" ngexesha thethwano ekuvelisweni kunye ikamva kweminquba abantwana.

umyili Oyintloko "Niva" P. M. Prusov uthi igama yanikwa isithuthi yi oonobumba bokuqala begama intombi yakhe (Nina kunye Irina), kwakunye oonyana lowo wengcibi yokuluka yemveliso ezinkulu lokuqala (Vadim kunye Andrei).

inkxalabo namhlanje

Emva linengxaki nzulu, inkxalabo luya ngeenyawo zakhe. Imbali AvtoVAZ ufanelwe imbeko. Ngapha koko, phezu kwayo yonk 'into, iimoto ungasuki iibhanti bakhe, baba luphawu kwexesha. Mhlawumbi ngoku noko ningatyhafi noogxa babo amazwe. Kodwa nenqubo eyiyo ukuphucula ishishini lweemoto iya kuba kunokwenzeka.

Ikamva umvelisi inkulu welizwe lethu yeemoto apho. Kunye nenqubo eyiyo inokukuzisela iingeniso elizweni enkulu. Ngapha koko, enje imifuziselo endala njenge "ezintandathu" yaye "asixhenxe" ukanti kwemfuno njengabemi belizwe lethu, yaye kuloo mmandla ngamazwe post-yobusoshiyali. Ngoko ke, ukusebenzisa ubugcisa obutsha uqhuba uphuhliso imifuziselo ezintsha iimpawu eziphuculiweyo neendlela kunye noyilo, kunokwenzeka baphethe isigebenga auto ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha.