Bus "Ikarus 280": iinkcukacha neefoto

iibhasi brand "Ikarus" ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane ethwele abakhweli kwasekuqaleni eSoviet Union, kwaye ngoku lalisakuba yiSoviet Union. Kumaxesha Soviet, omnye umenzi isiHungary kweebhasi 143.000 iinguqulelo ezininzi ziye zasiwa. Enye imifuziselo kakhulu ethandwa, nangona hayi inkulu ngokubhekiselele izinto, le ibhasi "Ikarus 280".

A bit of imbali ezifanayo

Edume kakhulu kwi 60s kwinkulungwane ophelileyo i "Ikarus Lux", apho ubukhulu becala wenziwa-elide kude zokuhamba.

Umfuziselo lokuqala ezidityanelweyo (babizwa ngokuba "ikhodiyani") "Ikarus 180" sindise i-USSR ngo-Oktobha 1968 Le Iibhasi zinokubonakala kwiindlela isixeko phantse elishumi iminyaka.

Ngasekupheleni 60s baqalisa ukuvelisa imifuziselo kwaba bobabini series wamakhulu. Ayehlukile fashion ngaloo mihla, isimbo umzimba emboxo. Kuba imarike yaseYurophu yequmrhu kwambatha kwisisu semoto MAN, Scania, Volvo. Kolu ngcelele imifuziselo baba baninzi, kodwa eSoviet Union ekubonelelwe iibhasi imifuziselo 260, 263, 280 no-283 kunye nomgama elide - 250, 255 no 256. Iibhasi City bonke mnyama tyheli, kuba ukupeyinta mveliso eyamkelwa ngumvelisi ngenxa USSR, kamva Russia - "Ikarus 280" imodeli omhlophe-obomvu (bona ngezantsi ifoto.). E Poland kubonelelwa ebomvu, Germany - ezimhlophe nge-orenji kunye neengcango angasemva yaye iHungary - eluhlaza kunye uphahla engwevu kunye neengcango.

Lo mzi-mveliso yale nkampani "Ikarus" wonakele, kodwa lalisakuba yiSoviet Union waqhubeka ukusebenza ibhasi Hungarian zisihla umgca ibandla kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.

imbali model

Ngo-1973 waqalisa "Ikarus 280" ukukhululwa ibhasi. Model waba iinguqulelo ngaphezu amahlanu, yaye kwayekwa 1993 iza iibhasi kule modeli kumazwe yali kunye World Okwesithathu ukuya Cuba akwicandelo ogqityiweyo. Iibhasi, leyo sakhululwa e Iran, indawo kunye nenani iingcango ezahlukeneyo, kunye Kuwait - ubukho air conditioner.

Ekubeni akwenziwa imodeli ezikhankanyiweyo iibhasi eRashiya, ngowe-1994, iibhasi baqala ukubuthana kwisityalo Moscow "Tushino-Auto". Ukuqalisa ufakelo izihlalo kunye neebhasi entofontofo phantse sewulungile, kodwa ngo-1996 kwakhululwa "Ikarus 280.33M" eMoscow eqhelekileyo emhlophe-eluhlaza. Usungulo Tushino mveliso Ekuveleni ukuguqulwa entsha kwinkulungwane "Ikarus 280.33M2" ilwela negesi. Ukukhutshwa kwezi iibhasi lwayekiswa 2002.

imodeli ibhasi ethandwayo Inkcazelo

"Ikarus 280" - ezicace ibhasi ukwanda umkhweli amandla, kunye injini enamandla, eyenzelwe iidolophu ezinkulu enabantu abaninzi. ndinyana Wide lula ukuhamba ngapha ndlwana. ESoviet Union yaye kamva Russia zabonelelwa kunye uguqulelo abazahlulayo ngokupheleleyo kwi gumbi umkhweli kunye cab nelungiselelo yokuqhuba umqolo emithathu izihlalo olunye semi-ezithambileyo. indawo yokugcina enkulu phambi iingcango angasemva ukuvumela ukubeka eninzi abakhweli kuwo, musa bengenela sicatshulwa. Passenger gumbi umoya yabonelelwa izivingco ayifulele irabha ezitywine nezingenisi kwikota, uze nesiqingatha window ecaleni.

Umqhubi wasinda mayixhotyiswe indawo yokuhlala ephakamileyo, ulawulwa kuphela ubude, backrest kunye ababetheki kakhulu, kodwa ubunzima yomqhubi.

Itshintshela unit kwidashboard ekhohlo kwaye esifanele tumblers ezine ukuze uvule iingcango ezingambini ibhasi. Iisilinda Dual ukuba ukuvula zombini kubini ecangweni ngexesha elifanayo. On imifuziselo yokuqala ucango bulkhead, yaye kamva - ekujikeni. Ukuba iibhasi sixeko kwakukho-umnyango ezine, kwi namadlelo, apho abakhweli yenziwa alufane, kwaba babini kubo, kule ndlu kwetrektara kunye itreyila.

Ubuhle nobubi

"Ikarus 280" imodeli ibhasi yohlukile unpretentiousness, liziqhelanise kakuhle iimeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo, umthamo umkhweli eliphezulu nobeko bekhululekile ingaphakathi. Abasebenzi kwimibutho yokusebenza abathi asikaqaliswa ibhasi inokuthenjwa, eyongayo kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Kuba "Icarus" iphawulwa kwindawo kumgangatho ophezulu, Noko ke, lungisani phezu ubude yonke, kungekho manyathelo kwaye udonga, nezinyuko ezimbini yeengcango umkhweli, ehla ukukhweliswa ukothula abakhweli. Olu phawu kuyilo ithathwa ukuba ibe luncedo olungundoqo kwebhasi.

Engxakini kule modeli ingqalelo kunye noyilo ngaphakathi kwinkqubo ubushushu. Ebusika, ingaphakathi lenziwa lashushu yi ezimbini heater elizimeleyo "Sirocco", nto leyo eli liphele diesel. Kwiinzame ukugcina amafutha, abaqhubi akabuya kwi imbawula, kwaye kule ndlwana le bhasi kwakubanda.

Kokuba kube nokuqwalaselwa sisiphoso kunye nonyango buthathaka anti-umhlwa umzimba, nangona abasunguli nobomi acwangcisiweyo kungenakwenzeka ukuba koomatshini babo iminyaka engaphezu kwama-mabini, kuquka i "Ikarus 280" indlela.

iimpawu zobugcisa imodeli

Ngokuba onke imveliso ixesha kweebhasi imodeli 280th ye gearbox ngoomatshini lihlala, babeqhuba amavili ngasemva itrektara, kunye iasi trailer luqinisekisa iibhasi elide ekhankanyiweyo uphume kakhulu. izinto ukumiswa selastiki ukuba babeke moya. Itrekta netreyila luqhakamshelene unxibelelwano lomnyango ehlangeneyo. Ndlwana kweevili itreyila eyayibhexesha intonga ulawulo ezibandakanya ezimbini iinxalenye lokuvala turntable.

Imoto sele ilungiselelwe ngokukodwa iibhasi, ilungiselelo esibonelela iisilinda tye. Engine, eyenziwe yi-mvume kwinkampani MAN German, watshintsha, buphuculwe ngokungqinelana neemfuno zokhuseleko eziphilayo. Ekubeni ibekwe phantsi emgangathweni, amavumba zeemoto kule ndlwana akazange angawi.

Inkqubo brake sele ilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukuba ukhuseleko ezindleleni kwiindawo ezisezidolophini. Le wagaleleka yokupaka sele idityaniswe nenkqubo brake yogcino. retarder injini ukhonza wayaphula nkarhinyana. Ixesha eqhaqhazelisa kwenkqubo ezikhuselweyo ngumkhenkce isiqingatha-selitha ukubola utywala.

Itanki yamafutha ilungiselelwe iilitha ezingama-260 ka-diesel. Lo mqulu ubandakanya iphakheji epheleleyo yamaxwebhu, leyo lula nje kuphela ukusebenza kodwa nokulungiswa iibhasi.

nomnini Reviews

Ukunenzela lula, inkonzo yebhasi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ufikelelo ukudluliselwa kunye injini kunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa beziya kwicala lasekhohlo kunye izivingco ezizodwa zobugcisa kumgangatho ndlwana.

transmission Manual, singakwazi, kunye nesisombululo lixesha zobugcisa, kodwa ebusika ezidolophini (eRashiya ayikho ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezine ngonyaka), ice kunye ikhephu ubunjwe kuphela kuyanceda umqhubi downshift ukuzisa imoto ziyawuchaphazela ukwenyuka mtyibilizi. Abaqhubi "Ikarus" badumise enyovwayo clutch kunye nendlela shift lokuposa osebenza ngqo kakhulu, ekubeni kule modeli i drive intonga utshintsho nezixhobo - yinto shaft enamandla, hayi iintambo njengoko imifanekiso kamva.

Umgama phakathi neentsimbi nangapha turntable kunye imfutho afihle "bunching" ngokufuthi kwanyanzeleka umqhubi ukufumana izinto awileyo abakhweli, zokumisa iibhasi uphakamise isiciko turntable.

On a ebusika abandayo ezibhasini, abakhweli akhalazela njalo, kodwa ke umbuzo hayi kakhulu kwinkqubo zokufudumeza uyilo, indlela yokonga amafutha. Ngabalungisi bakholelwa ukuba iimpapasho ezintsha 'Icarus 280 "liye lezonka elibaselwe ngumoji embi ngenxa kwentswelo kuyilo, kuba ukubambezeleka igqitha ulwelo ukusuka kwinkqubo sokupholisa ukuya oveni ubushushu lesibini imvelaphi inyuselwa khona ngenxa zijonge yolawulo ngaphambili.

Imodeli isikali ibhasi

"Ikarus" - njengebhakana kwimbali ibhasi sithwala, leyo ngoyaba oko nako ukuba bebengayazanga embe classicbus Russian, oveza imifuziselo collectible kwezithuthi. Okwangoku, inkampani wavelisa imifanekiso ngaphezu mathathu kweebhasi imboni yasekhaya imoto nje kuphela, kodwa ke abenzi ezininzi ezaziwayo-kakuhle. Ngo-2011, imodeli yokuqokelela "Ikarus 280" (1:43) ukhululwe. Kwase ngumcimbi ibhasi ka-1994-1996.

Le modeli umzimba wenziwe ngentsimbi imbola umbala, elingaphakathi - iplastiki. Ukuba bahlanganise imilinganiso imveliso 385h58h74 mm kunye nobunzima 0.9 kg kwakufuneka iinxalenye 180. umba Circulation - bebonke lamaqhosha amawaka amathathu.

uphawu Sibona "Ikarus"

Ngowe-1975-77 ngokwesiseko ebhasini kunye yi "Ikarus" kwaye Budapest Transport Inkampani yakhiwa iibhasi netroli esithi asixhenxe anesixhenxe ngezixhobo zombane kuyekiswa trolleybuses Soviet ubatyale. Uritsky. Koko, emva 1977 eziliqela pilot netroli izixhobo kbavelisi ezahlukeneyo ezaziwayo-kakuhle ziye zasekwa. izilingo elwandle koomatshini kwenzeka kwizixeko ezinkulu eYurophu nakuMntla Melika. Ukususela 1985 ukuya 1992. sakhululwa malunga namakhulu amathathu iibhasi netroli "Ikarus 280 t" izixhobo Ganz Electronics ngenxa kurhwebo lwasekhaya, i-Democratic Republic waseJamani kunye Bulgaria.

ESoviet Union netroli "Icarus" akukho ngokusemthethweni ihanjiswe. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela eChelyabinsk abathuthwayo abakhweli malunga elinesibini ezimbini yeemoto ezisetyenziswayo yathengwa eMpuma Jamani.

E Moscow, ekuvelisweni trolleybuses "SVARZ-Ikarus" iibhasi wasebenzisa ithathwa umzimba. izixhobo zombane izityalo zabo lemveliso "ugesi". naye likhuphe netroli kwi "Ikarus 280" Tushino mveliso phaya emva.

iibhasi efanayo Sibona ukuguqulela zaveliswa ePoland, Bulgaria kunye North Korea.

Ngaba na isiganeko libalulekileyo kwimbali kwezithuthi zikawonke eRashiya iibhasi ekulinywe "Ikarus 280" zithathwa ukuba phantse. Bona iminyaka engamashumi zabonelelwa eSoviet Union yaye kamva eRashiya, yaye ngaphezu kwesiqingatha senkulungwane ethwele abakhweli.