Ilungelo ebomini. Ilungelo wedwa

Lokuba wonke ubani unelungelo lokuba ubomi, olukhuselwe ngumthetho. Xa umxholo wayo ibonisa ukuba akukho mntu ngabom ukhethe ithuba lokuphila. Lo mthetho limisela isibophelelo kurhulumente ukuba enze konke ukuqinisekisa ukuba loo mntu aphume ingozi. Ukongeza, urhulumente kufuneka athathe unonophelo uphando olululo macala. ERashiya, ubukho ilungelo lokuphila esekwe ngumGaqo-siseko.

nokungalali yokuphila

Kwimeko efanayo ngokomthetho ukuze bazisunduze umntu ebomini? Eli nyathelo lwenziwa xa kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa amandla ukukhusela nawuphi na umntu nguzwilakhe mthethweni. Ngenxa yoko, kwenziwe ngokusemthethweni okanye ikhusele ukufuduka yomntu ibanjwa ukuvalelwa ngokusemthethweni. Kwaye nangoku kuyimfuneko ukucinezela, ngokomthetho, esaqungeni okanye uqhushululu.

Ukusebenzelana nokupheliswa yobomi babantu abaphethwe zizifo asikuko nokuba bajamelene intuthumbo zingenakunyamezeleka, ebizwa ukubulawa. Kwamanye amazwe, abantu angaphandle kuncedisa ezibulele ngokuzithandela ngokusemthethweni.

Ukukhusela amalungelo abantwana

Amazwe amaninzi cinga ukuba ilungelo lokuphila umntu ofumana kuphela ngexesha lonikezelo. Noko ke, abachasi ngokuqhomfa aze iiseli stem zama ukuba nokuyamkela ebamba. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba Amendment yesiBhozo-siseko we-Ireland, esamkelwa ngowe-1987, uliqonda isiqhamo ilungelo lokuba ubomi imida efanayo, apho kuyaqapheleka nangenxa yoonina. E Hungary ngo-2011, wangena force inguqulelo entsha ye uMthetho Basic libonelela ukukhusela ubomi babantu ukususela ekudalweni wokukhulelwa. Enyanisweni kuthiwa ukuba ukuvalwa ngokuqhomfa.

yobudala sokukhulelwa apho abantu ingqalelo izinto eziphilileyo ixhomekeke mthetho kwilizwe ngalinye. The States baye iintlobo ukusebenza nemigangatho umntwana ongekazalwa. Ngenxa yoko, Ukraine uthathwa umntwana iphila onobunzima kuphela ngaphezu kwe-500 g Le isisombululo iingcali uxanduva ukuqonda ngenye indlela. Kwaye ngenxa izibhedlele ezininzi maternity azikwazi ukuba balondolozelwe kuzo abantwana abanjalo.

isigwebo sentambo

Le nokungalali ubomi ukuziphindezela ekuthiwa ekufeni. Kokuba ngokusemthethweni yi-Government kwaye kwenziwe i sigwebo yinkundla olusebenzayo. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba isisombululo nezinye ii-arhente zomkhosi okanye urhulumente. Njengoko ubona, iye utoliko ezininzi ilungelo ebomini.

Kwihlabathi oluphucukileyo isohlwayo sokufa akukho mthethweni kwimiba emininzi. Kodwa abanye bakugqala isohlwayo eqhelekileyo mthetho, nangona lisetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko zolwaphulo-mthetho ezinzima kakhulu. E China, isohlwayo sokufa kusetyenziswa yonke indawo ngaphantsi iziphene. Kweli lizwe, kule ndiyamvelela liye amagosa ezikhohlakele, izifebe, abazingeli, ningabadyobha, abo ukuhlawula irhafu, njalo-njalo.

wobugqwetha Russian kwaye Soviet, nokumisela isigwebo sentambo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, ngokokuqhelekileyo usebenzisa euphemisms. Eyona ilungelene kuluntu lwale mihla shot. Kananjalo kusetyenziswa iindlela ukubulawa, njengoko isitulo sombane, nesisitheliso, inaliti iyabulala, ukuxulutywa kunye intloko.

wabucala

Ilungelo lokuba nemfihlo zululwazi jurisprudential Asikokungena kudidi bucala kwenye. Oku kuquka miba ilandelayo:

• A ukuvalwa ukuqokelelwa, ukugcinwa, ekulusasazeni kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwazi malunga ubomi zabucala abantu ngaphandle kwemvume yabo.
• Ilungelo ukulawula ulwazi ngokwabo.
• Ilungelo lokhuselo udumo kunye negama elihle.
• Ilungelo lokhuselo lwe data zobuqu.
• Ilungelo lokuba nemfihlo zonxibelelwano. Maxa wambi ukhutshwa njengecandelo eyahlukileyo.
• Ilungelo bathengiselane iimfihlelo (medical, ngasese ukwamkelwa isivumo et al.).

Xa Kumazwe yobusoshiyali, endaweni yokuba ibinzana elithi "wabucala", wasebenzisa ibinzana elithi "ubomi personal". amagqwetha Russian ngokuqhelekileyo kunika unelungelo lokuba nemfihlo ngengqiqo elimxinwa ibende. Kwimeko yesibini libhekisela nokukhuselwa kuluhlu olubanzi yomsebenzi yomntu, hayi ezinxulumene nomsebenzi karhulumente. Enyanisweni, kule meko, unelungelo lokuba nemfihlo liquka imithetho ngayo intsapho iimfihlelo zobuqu, ukhuselo data ezizizo, ingqibelelo amakhaya kunye like. Le ndlela imxinwa khona sijongana ekunene kunye nokhuselo kuphela kwisigaba encinane kakhulu ngumsebenzi wabantu akanalo imvelaphi ngokusemthethweni. Oku kusenokuba ubuhlobo eziqhelekileyo, umzekelo.

Kakade ke, uninzi lwamazwe ngokusesikweni evakalisa amalungelo oluntu azisoloko wenziwe practice. Kwaye ke ingqibelelo ubomi zabucala akusoloko ephepheni, nokuba oko kuqinisekiswa yi-siseko kunye nemithetho.

indaba

Ilungelo kubomi - oko kunokuba a Isaci ngaphezu kwekota ocacile. Hobbes wayesithi ukuba self-ukulondolozwa luxanduva iphambili zomntu ngamnye, ukwenzela ukuba kuthathwa ilungelo yendalo ukwenza yonke into enegalelo lokuzimela nokulondolozwa.

Ngoko ke, eyaziwa ngcono eli lungelo lwenziwa kumazwe aseYurophu ngexesha iMvukelo yoohlohlesakhe. oko kwabhalwa eFransi, lo mthetho yolawulo. Kwaye US siseko ye Bill of Rights of the United States ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ithe esisigxina, nangona lithatyathwe kwinani izilungiso siseko.

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala ilungelo lokuba ubomi bentsapho kuye kwakhiwa ngokwenzululwazi ukuba izazinzulu odumileyo, amagqwetha Brendaysa LD kunye SD Warren kaThixo "unelungelo lokuba nemfihlo", epapashwe eMelika ngo-1890. Emva koko, eli lungelo inkxaso uthotho ngeendibano US yeNkundla Ephakamileyo. Le nkundla iye ezivunyiweyo ubukho balo liye lakhupha inani izilungiso kwi-siseko US.

Kweli xesha kwemfazwe, kule bamashumi ngamahlanu, ilungelo yafumana inani zezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, amazwe amaninzi ehlabathini. I-USSR kwakhona zibandakanyiwe kolu luhlu, yaye kamva eRashiya, apho ilungelo lokuba wedwa phantsi wokhuseleko karhulumente.

ummiselo osemthethweni

ERashiya, eli lungelo uvakaliswa 23, 24 no-25 amanqaku soMgaqo-siseko. Imithetho elawula kukhuselwe ilungelo lokuba nemfihlo ikwaquka Code Civil, uMthetho Federal "Kwi Data Personal" kunye nenani yezizwe ngezizwe. Okokuqala sithetha i-Universal Declaration of Human Rights, i-European Convention on Human Rights, i-International kweSivumelwano Civil and Political Rights.

Ingqibelelo ubomi Personal Guards Art. 137 soMthetho i-Criminal Code of Russia.

uphando

In Russia unelungelo lokuphila yacazululwa kumgangatho monographic M. N. Maleinos, IL Petruhin konstitutsionistami IM Huzhokovoy kunye G. B. Romanovsky.

Eli lungelo liya kuphela kuphela ngendlela emiselwe ngumthetho, kwaye kuphela kwisigqibo senkundla. IM Huzhokova iveza umehluko phakathi kwe siseko Russian, yimimiselo siseko woMthetho Federal "Xa Ntetho Emergency" kunye ezenzeka mihla. Yena wasondela ingqalelo yokuba ngaloo amaxwebhu ilungelo ingqibelelo ubomi bentsapho, mayingatolikwa akukho xesha umda. Kwaye oku ziziphumo ekuchazweni kwakhe ekuphunyezweni imithombo Koloni.

absolutism Hobbes

Kwisivumelwano karhulumente afanelekileyo abantu Hobbes abafumene onke amalungelo umzimba wakhe nobuntu kwabo omkhethayo ukuba ukumkani. Masithi ke igunyazise zonke izenzo zakhe. Absolutism Hobbes ishenxisa ngokwenene omnye: njengoko kwisivumelwano kawonke ijolise self-ulondolozo, abemi bayo inkosi a nga oda kuzibulala.

Locke wakufanelekela uluntu waseburhulumenteni njengento olunxantathu, ukulondoloza ubomi, inkululeko, kunye nempahla. Le ngxelo wakhonza umzekelo ngoluvo njengoko, zifakiwe kwi-American Declaration of Independence: "Sivumelana ngayo inyaniso Kucacile ukuba abantu bazalwa belingana. Siyaqonda ukuba abantu inkululeko nguMdali wabo kunye namalungelo athile bucala kwenye, kuluhlu elibandakanya ilungelo lokuba nenkululeko, ubomi umnqweno ulonwabo. " Ukwaziswa kwinqanaba omkhulu onjalo, unelungelo lokuphila, Noko ke, inemiqathango.