Ilizwe Czech Republic: imbali, iimpawu, imali, labemi, uqoqosho, uMongameli

Country Czech Republic - a ilizwe elincinane. Le ibekwe kanye entliziyweni Europe. Sonke siyazi ilizwe kufutshane Czech Republic. Ngapha koko, oko imingcele Poland kunye iJamani, Slovakia ne Austria. Loo indawo entle geographical ekwahlukaneni kweendlela zorhwebo ukusuka eYurophu ukuya Asia, imozulu epholileyo kunye nemithombo kwezimbiwa obuninzi ndininikile ilizwe eli Czech Republic ithuba olukhulu nempumelelo. Nyaka ngamnye izigidi abakhenkethi yomhlambi apha kuzo zonke iimbombo ihlabathi ukuphucula impilo yabo Spa, Mhle ilizwe elikhethekileyo iinqaba yamandulo ngezakhiwo.

Bohemia siluhlanga cultured kakhulu kwaye ndakubumba. Ngapha koko, badlula ngesidima ixesha enzima eyalandela samshiya nkampu yali. Yiyiphi namhlanje uyazingca le Czech Republic? uqoqosho Eli lizwe kwindawo yokuqala, leyo kwindawo yesibini phakathi yaseYurophu States eMpuma.

abahambi

Country Czech Republic kwimarike zabakhenkethi kwemiqathango yahlulwe iinkalo ezintathu: Spa, Ukuskiya kunye indawo yeholide. Kubathandi inkqubo yenkcubeko ebanzi bayakhuthazwa ukuba batyelele Plzen, Brno, Český Krumlov, Ostrava kwaye, kakade, Prague.

Unqwenela ukuphucula impilo yakho ukuya entshona lizwe. na apha ingqalelo le iiholide eziphambili ezifana Marianske Lazne, Vary kunye Kynžvart. Kuba ski iholide ku Czech Republic inikeza imimandla yayo wasempumalanga. Apha kwi nomda Poland na iiholide ezifana Harrachov, eŠpindlerův Mlýn, Rokytnice nad Jizerou kunye Vítkovice.

Kweli lizwe emangalisayo kusekho ngaphezulu ezimbini ezinesiqingatha amawaka iinqaba zamaxesha, nokubetha ngezakhiwo eyahlukileyo. Yaye akumangalisi ukuba le Czech Republic banandiphe amagcisa ukuhambela nokuthandana abathandi ezindala kunye iingcali. Ekubeni wafika kweli lizwe kanye kuphela, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukufikelela inani elikhulu leendawo ziyafumaneka kwi nommandla wayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto abakhenkethi abaninzi sibuyele apha kwakhona kwaye kwakhona.

Yintoni enye itsala abahambi Czech Republic? Inkcazelo lizwe akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ibali yoqobo kunye okumnandi cuisine. Ku va inkululeko yokwenene gourmets, inyanzelisa abantu kangangexesha elithile ukuze ukulibala malunga bakudle malunga achazwe apha yesinqe sakho.

A yiparadesi yokwenene emhlabeni lo Czech Republic kunye abathandi beer. Apha, iresiphi alondolozwe ngenyameko nezithethe ukulungiselela othululwayo thaca kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezinto eziphilayo.

geography

Country Czech Republic esemantla kukho umda 658 km ne ePoland, kumntla-ntshona, ngasentshonalanga kunye eJamani - 646 km, empuma Slovakia - 214 km, kumazantsi Austria - 362 km. Ngenxa yoko, ubude yonke imida yalo karhulumente-1880 km.
Intsimi le Czech Republic indawo ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, indawo ukuya entshona eBohemia ise elisengqayini yemilambo ezifana Vltava kunye Labe. It singqongwe ziintaba eliphantsi.

Inxalenye esempuma Czech Republic - ke kummandla Moravia. Kwakhona sibonisa ukuba umphezulu lihlangana. Le ndawo elisengqayini le Morava River. Kwi-Czech Republic akukho uphume elwandle. Noko ke, bonke yimiqodi ukuya emlanjeni yayo. Awela ulwandle Black, kwiBaltic kunye North Seas.

Iintaba eliphezulu lizwe ibekwe inxalenye yayo kumntla. Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba Kokonoshi. Yeyona intaba Snowball kakhulu. Liphuma ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle ukuya kwiimitha ezili-1600.

Fumana Czech Republic kwimephu yehlabathi kusenokuba uququzelelo degrees 49 imizuzwana 45 ngama ngasentla kunye degree 15 nobude imizuzwana 30 ngasempumalanga. Oku intliziyo ka-Europe. Ukuze uqinisekise oku, tyelela nje isiza, ephakathi emizini Pilsen kunye cheb. Kulapha ukuba umqondiso lesikhumbuzo, leyo ibizwa umbhalo "Centre of Europe".

Eli lizwe 78.866 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Xa indawo yayo le Czech Republic ubekwa th 115 ehlabathini. ekhulwini ezimbini intsimi - komhlaba ngamanzi.

sezulu

Czech Republic - ilizwe kunye nemozulu emangalisayo. Imozulu apha kahle wobulali. litshisa kakhulu kule ndawo kuphela iveki enye ngonyaka. sezulu ihlale emehlweni lizwe onke amaxesha onyaka. Summer kukho umiselwe ubushushu avareji kuluhlu degrees amabini, kukho ubushushu ubusika ngokoqobo na ukuwisa ngezantsi i "thabatha 3". Ezo sezulu oyinto lidaliwe kwiimpembelelo elizwekazi yaselwandle. Oku kwehlisa ifuthe elibi nje yimimoya kwindawo weentaba.

division zokuphatha

Kwimephu ungabona yemimandla lizwe elinesithathu okanye beskrini. Iziko lolawulo iphambili lizwe imali yayo - isixeko Prague.

Ziziphi iindawo (intsente) ziyinxalenye yale meko yaseYurophu? Adwelisa ezi zilandelayo:

• Central.
• Plzen.
• South Bohemian Region.
• Vary.
• Ústí nad Labem.
• Karlovegradetsky.
• Liberec.
• South Moravian.
• Slomoutsky.
• Pardubice.
• Moravskosilevsky.
• Zlín.
• Vysocina.

indaba

Intsimi le Czech Republic bantu ngabantu nkqu ngexesha Stone Age. Ukukhankanywa yokuqala eli lizwe kwafunyanwa yeziKronike imvelaphi yayo elandwa kwinkulungwane 9. Ngeli xesha, intsimi Czech Republic phantsi kolawulo weenkosana Premyslid.

Igama lesibini kula mazwe - eBohemia. Kwathi kwi isizwe bamandulo, abo belimiwe intsimi, ibekwe yanamhlanje-North eBohemia. Xa bathe kakuhle la mazwe izizwe zesiJamani - Marcomanni, kutshintsho leyo kwinkulungwane 5 weza apha nokuxubana. Elidlulileyo kwaye iminyanya Czechs yanamhlanje.

ngexesha layo le meko Slavic lifikelele encotsheni ngenkulungwane ye-11. Ngeli xesha, ukuba ngokuba Moravia Omkhulu, yaye ummandla umxhelo, eziquka ilizwe yangoku Slovakia, eBohemia kunye inxalenye Hungary kunye Austria.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba akukho lwazi yembali malunga nendlela isixeko Sasilikomkhulu meko yaye kutheni oko kwenzeka ukubola. Kungenzeka, umcimbi ukuba kwakukho iimfazwe ezininzi yamakhaya. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba yaseMoriva Omkhulu ilizwe abangamaKristu umBhaptizi zawo abapostile Mefody kunye uCyril (kwakunye eRashiya).

Ngenkulungwane ye-17. Czech Kingdom yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi Austria-Hungarian, yaye emva ukuwa kwayo ngo-1928, kwakukho kunxulumano zeCarpath Ruthenia, Slovakia kunye Czech Republic. La mazwe baziwa ngokuba eCzechoslovakia. Ngo-1939 eli lizwe kwakuhlala abendlu ka ku Germany. Le inkululeko weza kuphela ekupheleni Second World War, xa amajoni wangena yeCzechoslovakia USSR. Emva koko, eli lizwe wangena Commonwealth bobusoshiyali.

Noko ke, ngasekupheleni nenani-80 iCzechoslovakia bamkela imiboniso ubunzima kunye noqhankqalazo. Bonke bephela zibe neziphumo ekuthiwa-Velvet Revolution. Oku kwalandelwa ugwayimbo grand-isikali, nto leyo ekhokelele ukutshintsha kulawulo. Country ephethwe yi ophikisana kunye wemidlalo uVáclav Havel.

01.01.1993 Czechoslovakia ngoxolo yahlulwe uthi ezimbini. ummandla wayo kwakhiwa republic ezimbini - Slovakia kunye Czech Republic. Imbali Eli lizwe emva koko baqalisa ukuba imilo ngokwabo. Ngoko ke, ngo-1999, urhulumente uye waba lilungu NATO, kwaye ngo-2004 - an ilungu EU. Ukususela ngo-2007, i-Czech Republic uthathe inxaxheba kwesi sivumelwano Schengen, ie a umntu visa beli lizwe, na ngaphandle nayiphi na imiqobo ukuhamba lonke elaseYurophu.

Ulwakhiwo lwezopolitiko

Country Czech Republic lilizwe kunye yedemokhrasi yokuba nabameli. Ngale ndlela, lo mthombo uphambili igunya kwezopolitiko abantu, kodwa amagunya kwimibutho eyahlukeneyo ummeli wolawulo karhulumente. Czech Republic - republic yasepalamente. selithe executive nguMongameli kunye norhulumente. Nevuthisayo ngexesha ke, unoxanduva ukuya Chamber of yamaSekela.

Intloko karhulumente Czech - nomongameli. Ukuqalela 01.27.2013 ade namhlanje le post kuhlala Milos Zeman. Yathatha uVáclav uKlaus.

UMiloš Zeman - le yenye amanani ezigqamileyo kwezopolitiko yaseYurophu. Loo uluvo ngayo esakhiwe kwindawo enzima lobuqu inkokeli ye-Czech Republic kunye neengxelo antsonkothileyo. Iyafuna esithi ukuba yangoku umongameli we-Czech Republic, ngokuchaseneyo ezininzi abezopolitiko baseYurophu, inkxaso izenzo eRashiya kwiindawo ezininzi. uluvo Milos Zeman rhoqo iyaphikisana iingxelo eBrussels. Kunye nesikhundla sakhe kunzima ngokwaneleyo.

Ngokubhekiselele kwiPalamente Czech, oko bicameral. Xa isakhiwo kwayo Chamber of yamaSekela kunye Yeengwevu. Chamber of yamaSekela inikeza umsebenzi ezimakhulu mabini samalungu ayo, abonyulwe ngabantu qho emva kweminyaka emine. Ngelo xesha, umgaqo yokumelwa ngokolungelelwano. Lungiswa isinye kwisithathu yeeNgwevu wenziwa kanye kwiminyaka emibini. Kulo mzekelo, nganye kwezi eNdlu yeeNgwevu 81 yakhupha isigunyaziso iminyaka emithandathu.

Ngummeli wowona ulungileyo amalungelo asisiseko hlanga Czech yiNkundla yoMgaqo-siseko. Le yabhalwa ziijaji 15 baxhotyiswe ukupheliswa kwemithetho eziphikisana umgaqo-siseko welizwe.

labantu

Czech Republic ngoku yinxalenye kuluhlu lwamazwe zinabantu. Ngokwe-manani zakutsha nje, abemi bayo kancinane ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezili-10 zabantu. Seshumi bahlale inhloko i - Prague. Ezinye labemi, njengoko ezininzi kumazwe aseYurophu, ikakhulu kanzulu kweminye imizi.

Iminyaka emininzi Czech Republic ukunyuka okuthe chu neqondo lokuzalwa kwabantu. Oku kungenxa abafayo sinciphile kwaye nokuchuma okwandayo. Ukongeza ukukhula yendalo kukho ukungena zamanene. Kwakhona kwandisa abemi karhulumente yaseYurophu.

lulwimi olusemthethweni

Ebudeni imbali eminyaka ubudala le Czech Republic endaweni yayo babehlala iintlanga nezizwe ezahlukeneyo. Namhlanje, Noko ke, 95% yabemi - nguye Czechs. Ukuba alondoloze amasiko abo yesizwe. iyinto enkulu nentlonelo saba kunye nolwazi malunga iingcambu zembali, nto leyo kuba nebhongo le Czech Republic. Ulwimi olusetyenziswe kweli lizwe - Czech. Uthi abantu kule meko, nangona nokubunjwa kwayo beentlanga wayemele imiqobo kunye Slovaks, Roma, amaJamani namaYuda. Kakade ke, ukuba kukho abantu abambalwa, kunjalo, bangabemi yinxalenye eli lizwe.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kubemi ngayo Czech Republic isebenzisa ukunxibelelana iqela lwesigodi ixhaphakileyo ezintathu. Apha, abantu bathethe, ngasempumalanga, kunye srednemoravskom Czech. Ulwimi karhulumente kweli lizwe nako ukusinda kuziphatha ngenkulungwane kunye Germanization. imvuselelo lwayo kwenzeka ngenkulungwane ye-18, njengoko wokubhala. Kodwa ke bonganyelwe Czech waqala ukungena kungena ubomi abantu abaqhelekileyo, yaba ngemihla.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ulwimi karhulumente weli lizwe izandi kwizitrato imizi yayo. Abantu abatsha ngexesha elifanayo umyalelo omhle IsiNgesi, kwaye isizukulwana nangaphezulu ngokulula eshenxela zibe German.

Prague

Ezinkulu iindawo embhaxa kunye neendawo abakhenkethi ethandwa eYurophu likomkhulu lizwe Czech. Minyaka Prague ezityelelwe abahambi ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-6. Kulo mzi wayesamkela kwaye ezintle ijolise ukufumana wonke umntu uyayiqonda ngezakhiwo aqonde incasa yotywala.

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo, ePrague njengenye kwezi zixeko zihle eYurophu. Kwaye oku kuqinisekiswa ngegama layo. Ngoko ke, lo mzi emangalisayo maxa wambi bathi "Golden Prague" okanye "isixeko a iCathedral ezilikhulu" yaye "iphupha ilitye".

Ikomkhulu Czech Republic - izitrato emxinwa cobbled, emangalisayo ubuhle bayo Charles Bridge, kwakunye inani elikhulu ezinika ezahlukeneyo.

Umhla ngqo imvelaphi awaziwa Prague. Noko ke, sele kwinkulungwane ye-15 encwadini yeembali apho ziyathetha omboniso ibanjelwe e ekudibaneni Vltava kunye Berounka nemilambo. Imfundo ye Prague Castle kwinkulungwane 9. Ngenkulungwane elilandelayo, ePrague uye wafumana iwonga kwekomkhulu ubukumkani Czech. uphuhliso Its olukhawulezileyo esi sixeko ngenkulungwane ye-12., kwaba ikomkhulu loBukhosi Austria-Hungarian.

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, amaJamani esaphethe ePrague. Noko ke, ngethamsanqa, olwenziwe imisebenzi yayo intsimi emkhosini zange kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni kwezakhiwo imbali ekhethekileyo.

Kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe kwakukho komhlaba ikomkhulu Czech Republic. Aculwa wakha iindawo ezintsha.

Emva kokuba ngoloyiso le Revolution Velvet, ePrague iye yaba sesinye sezixeko kubakhenkethi uthandwa kakhulu eYurophu. iziko layo yimbali uyavunywa UNESCO lemveli.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abemi eyinkunzi Czech Republic of ngaphezulu kwe 1.3 yezigidi zabantu., Ngubani bahlala kwizithili-15, iinombolo yomgama zabo ukusuka kwiziko. Kwimephu ungabona kubo amalungiselelo ngku.

uqoqosho lwelizwe

Isiseko kuqoqosho Czech woomatshini nezinto ezisebenza ngombane, yokudla noshishino intsimbi kunye intsimbi ke, iinkonzo kunye nolwakhiwo. Enye yimpumelelo kakhulu ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amazwe post-yobukomanisi i Czech Republic.

Iimpawu lizwe ngokoMthetho yezoqoqosho ubungqina kwimpumelelo kunye nozinzo kuqoqosho lweli. Emva kokuba Revolution Velvet, Czech Republic ilifa amandla Czechoslovak imveliso kakuhle kwaye abanabuhlobo bume. Kuloo minyaka, enkulu kakhulu isabelo icandelo lemveliso wathabatha yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ayoni, ukusebenza izinto kwamanye amazwe ekrwada, kunye noshishino yomkhosi kunye nobunjineli ngoomatshini.

Ngokubhekiselele kurhwebo lwangaphandle, loo nto belujolise kakhulu kwiimfuno eSoviet Union, okuthe kwaqhwalelisa kakhulu ekukhuleni koqoqosho.

Emva kokufumana inkululeko, urhulumente Czech Republic yenze utshintsho olubalulekileyo. It uyekwa ummiselo oluyintloko kwamaxabiso, yaqalisa inkululeko lweshishini zabucala, wasiphula lodwa likarhulumente yorhwebo langaphandle, wenziwe uthengiso kunye nempahla ngokutsha. Ngenxa ekungeneni yotyalo angaphandle kwi-Czech Republic liphumeze xesha lifutshane kangangoko eli langoku kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa koshishino, kwaye sele livelise inkxaso eyimfuneko kunye nezibonelelo zobugcisa.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-Czech Republic iye sibone ukwanda okukhawulezayo GDP. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukukhula kwecandelo lezoshishino kunye nokunciphisa isabelo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ahle kunye nemveliso ezazisiya emkhosini. Ukuba umba share kunye neemveliso zombane jikelele. Oku kuvumele Czech Republic ukuba angene intsalelo yorhwebo. Impumelelo kwenziwa kwenzeka nangona ukukhula ngokukhawuleza amazwe kweli amaxabiso oyile lizwe kunye negesi.

Iyafuna esithi ubungakanani yorhwebo langaphandle ngamnye ngamnye kweli lizwe iphezulu kakhulu, yaye ngaphambi namazwe afana ne-UK kunye Japan, Italy ne-France.