Ikhonkco lokutya in ichibi njenge ecosystem ozinzileyo

Nutrition ludlala indima ebalulekileyo nayiphi ikhosistim. Ukutya njengomthombo wamandla zokuqhubekeka kwiinkqubo zobomi eziphilayo. Ngako oko, kwinkqubo nganye eziphilayo zezilwanya ikhonkco lokutya. Ukuba uchaza kubo, sifumana oku kulandelayo: okanye trophic ikhonkco lokutya - ulwalamano phakathi izilwanyana, izityalo, izinto ezincinci eziphilayo kumgaqo "ukutya - nkonzo".

Isakhiwo Ilula kakhulu. Abameli eziphilayo linki ilandelayo zidle ikhonkco elidlulileyo. Njengoko umthetho, inani amakhonkco ufikelela 3-4, yaye kuphela kunqabile kakhulu - 5. Supply Chains emanzini, ingakumbi fresh, bawe ngokupheleleyo phantsi trophic kwaye inga yeentlobo ezimbini.

Types of amatsheyini okutya

ikhonkco lokutya in ichibi ekuhlaleni kuba yeentlobo ezimbini. Eyokuqala ibandakanya edlelweni, owesibini - detrital. Zombini ezi ntlobo ze-chain lokutya zahlulwe kumanqanaba eziliqela. Okokuqala hlala Abalimi - nezityalo osebenzisa amandla elanga. Kwinqanaba lesibini kukho abathengi eziziiprayimari - izilwanyana ephelisa izityalo zokutya. Isigaba sesithathu kuhlala abasebenzisi zamabanga - izilwanyana, apho kudla rastenieedov kuphela ezidala abathengi zaseprayimari. Xa yesine zizinto eziphilayo kunye consuments kwelesithathu - ezizingelayo, amakhalane kunye neentsholongwane.

Imfuyo ikhonkco lokutya in ichibi ezenziwa ukuze umphantsi nomphezulu, kwaye detrital - ukuya ezantsi. Kodwa ngokucacileyo, akunakubakho ukwahlula kubo - bona, ngathi yonke kwindalo into zihlobene. Kodwa hayi wesekethe babekho kwi ecosystem, kubo kukho ulawulo jikelele. Ngalinye kwinqanaba trophic (unit) uninzi lwamandla ukuba ifunxwe ukutya, echitha ekuyigcineni ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

ikhonkco ukutya echibini. izibonelo

Kuyo nayiphi na umzimba ngamanzi kulula ukunika umzekelo ikhonkco lokutya kakhulu elula. Cinga eziphila of Lake zamanzi. Ngenxa iyantlukwano enezityalo nezilwanyana kwisekethe yonikezelo lwamanzi zithiwe thaca iimbono eziliqela. Ngenxa yokuba ezinxulumeneyo, amanye amacandelo ingathathelwa indawo lelinye nezinye izinto. Trophic chain ichibi zibe - epipelegial kunye batipeligial. Inqanaba lokuqala benamandla emanzini konxweme ngokuxuba iinxalenye lamanqanaba, uphawu lwesibini kummandla ongezantsi.

Abavelisi (link zaseprayimari), ezi ntlobo ezahlukeneyo lisiza. Konsumentami epishura yenza umyalelo wokuqala. Olu hlobo intlanzi planktonic kuphuma ziiphytoplankton yabathengi engundoqo ulele, kwaye zooplankton. Epishura lisebenza ukutya ikhonkco elandelayo - consuments order yesibini. Eli qela libandakanya macrohectopus (zooplankton) kunye omul kuzo zonke izigaba zophuhliso. Kodwa ukuba iintlanzi kudla kubathengi kuphela zaseprayimari, oko liyadla abavelisi makrogetopus. Kwelinye icala, ezi ezineqokobhe zikukutya omul, iinkatyana, golomyankas kunye nezinye iintlanzi. Into yokugqibela lomsesane wokutywina, leyo kuyidla abameli kwinqanaba edlulileyo.

ikhonkco lokutya Detrital

Nawuphi ichibi, ichibi okanye ulwandle nzulu ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo ezinabantu. ikhonkco lokutya Detrital in ichibi ezikhona kwikholam emanzini, engaquki ukufumana kwelanga. Njengoko umlimi ezi iifosili imvelaphi izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. Abathengi yomyalelo yokuqala intlanzi kunye neentlanzi yolwandle, kwakunye bacteria. Ezi zidla detritophages consuments ukutya ukuze yokuqala neyesibini trophic ubonelelo.

Ukwahluka-ikhosistim

Nzima ukufumana umzimba amanzi, ityuwa okanye amanzi acocekileyo, apho ikhonkco ngalinye kwikhonkco lokutya kuya kumelwa ziintlobo omnye kuphela zezilwanyana okanye izityalo. ecosystem olunjalo kutshabalala ngenxa yokungabikho isiqalelo omnye ikhokelela yophazamiseko wesekethe umbane kule ndawo. Ukuba link nganye izaliswe neentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana okanye izityalo, le nkqubo uzinzile, ekubeni kungekho candelo endaweni yazo okanye zongezwe nenye. labantu yonyaka ngamnye akhawunti konyaka ngenxa inani eyahlukileyo abantu. Makubulelwe kuphela iintlobo zezityalo akukho ukuphazanyiswa chain lokutya kunye nokutshatyalaliswa eziphilayo.