OB umlambo oluvela? Apho umlambo ungena kulo OB?

Ob River evela intlanganisela entabeni nemilambo Biya kunye Katun, kufutshane kwimimandla kumda osemazantsi eRashiya, kufutshane kwilali Fominskoe - dolophu Biysk zeAltai Territory. Kuyinto kwemithambo le eSiberia Koloni kwaye ithwala amanzi kwilizwe elifana Russia.

ob umfula

Emantla-mpuma inxalenye kwelizwekazi Asia, kwi zeAltai Territory, kufutshane nomda yolawulo kunye Republic of zeAltai, kukho imilambo entabeni ezimbini, ubuhle - Katun kunye Biya. Baya zibangela ukuba kubuzwe lo kumlambo omkhulu niphuphuma ayilungiseki kude kube ngoku ebizwa OB. Njengoko omnye uqikelelo malunga indawo amagama igama lendawo inxulunyaniswa elithi "zombini".

OB umlambo oluvela? Le ndawo ibhalwa kwimephu njengobubanzi emantla nezifundo 52.5 empumalanga nasentshonalanga 85 degrees. Ob kwemali ezindaweni ezintlanu, ukunqumla West Siberian Plain kwi emzantsi-mpuma ukuya emntla. Estuary bakholelwa OB Bay of 8 thous Km -. Nguye Gulf of the Sea Kara. Indawo apho umlambo ungena kulo OB, ime ngaphaya kweArctic Circle. It uphawuleka uququzelelo 66.5 izidanga inkululeko emntla 69 degrees nezide ngasempumalanga.

Ngomlomo Indawo akukho ukungavumelani. Zonke kwacaca apho umfula ugeleza. Obi wothulelw data ezahlukeneyo kwi ubude bayo. Ezinye izazinzulu bashwankathela ubude ngqo esiqwini kunye ubude uviko bayo ekhohlo Irtysh. Kubonakala ukuba kude umxhelo - 5140 km. Abanye zinika elide Obi babecinga imvelaphi yayo njenge Katun umlambo elide kakhulu (688 km) kwe Biya (301 km), kwaye ufumane ixabiso eyahlukileyo. Kodwa asikwazi wolinciphisa ukubaluleka misele elizimeleyo eyodwa planethi - i Irtysh kunye Katun. Ukongeza, i-Irtysh ingxenye bobabo Kazakhstan. Ubude elichanekileyo ngasemfuleni ziya kuqwalaselwa ilingana 3650 km - ukusuka ekudibaneni Biya kunye Katun kunye ukuya kuLwandle OB, apho umlambo ungena kulo OB. Irejista amanzi kaRhulumente banikwa idatha efanayo. Kukho kwakhona lowu inkcazelo indawo apho umlambo ungena kulo OB: OB Bay of the Sea Kara, bangene Arctic Ocean isitya.

umbuso nemin

ubude Ngoko ahamba - 3.650 km. Kweli parameter phakathi imilambo Russian OB yesibini, yesibini kuphela Lena.

Area OB sokwahlukanisa izehlo - phantse zizigidi ezi-3 square metres. km. Ngesi ntsimi umxhelo, nto leyo yokuqala kwixabiso phakathi imilambo Russian, kwasekwa isixa esikhulu abalekayo amanzi komhlaba. Kuba Gulf of OB, ophuma phakathi OB, ifikelela 357 cubic metres. km of kwamanzi omlambo.

I-avareji flow yonyaka (umthamo wamanzi cubic metres M / s.) Esisigxina Imigqaliselo ixesha elide kwizikhululo udonga: 1470 - kwisixeko Barnaul (phezulu); 12 300 - e Salekhard, akhiwe kufutshane Gulf of OB, ophuma emlanjeni OB. flow Ubuninzi yendyebo amanzi (ngexesha izikhukula), ebhaliswe kwizikhululo udonga, malunga: (. cubic metres / umzuzwana) Barnaul - - 9690, Salekhard 42.800.

Ngaphezu kwama-161 amawaka enemijelo, amancinci, aphakathi kunye imilambo emikhulu bathwale amanzi yabo OB. Ubude elipheleleyo nemingenela -. 740 thous Km. Inkoliso yabo (94%) - imilambo ezincinane (ubude hayi ngaphezulu kwe-10 km). kwesixa esikhulu of ngaphezu 1000 km: Irtysh, Vasyugan kunye Big Yugan - zibaleka ukusuka kwicala lasekhohlo; Ket and Chulym - bank ekunene.

Ubunzulu OB - ukususela 2-6 ekuqaleni eemitha, e Biysk, ukuya kwi-25 m naseNovosibirsk (kufutshane HPP), liye lancitshiswa 8 m kufuphi umlomo uTom kunye nokunyuka kwakhona ku m 15 efikelela kuyo Gulf of OB, apho umfula ugeleza . iindawo ob luphawulwa nokuphambuka ezincinane ukusuka 4.5 cm ekuqaleni ku-1.5 cm (ubude ngalinye 1 km) kwi ukuhamba kwindawo engezantsi. Ububanzi uyahluka onogumbe. Kuyinto km 5 ekuqaleni kunye km 50 kummandla we-Gulf of OB, apho umfula ugeleza. Obi iimpawu ezingundoqo kumathafa imilambo spring emlanjeni omkulu kunye ekwindla nezikhukhula.

yehlisa umnotho

Kwimeko yokufikelela nzima ngenxa imigxobhozo yaseWest Siberian Plain, OB ukususela 1844 isetyenziselwa iinjongo zothutho. Navigation ithatha ukuya kwiintsuku 190 ngonyaka. Ngo naseNovosibirsk ngo-1961, wasibeka kwisikhululo umbane ukusebenza - umthengisi enkulu amandla abemi kunye namashishini ye Siberian Federal District. A ikhefu eyayithandwa of naseNovosibirsk - iilwandle ichibi lasekwa ngo ukwakhiwa amadama ngamanzi. Ukusuka oveliswa yokutsala amanzi okusela, indlu kunye namashishini woshishino naseNovosibirsk agglomeration. Umlambo sisetyenziselwa ukuloba - ukuba baphile iintlobo ezixabisekileyo Intlanzi, whitefish kunye nentlanzi eziqhelekileyo. In OB licwangcisa amanzi namandla lingadlulanga mveliso kunye nezityalo kamasipala. In zeAltai mmandla amanzi omlambo wayinkcenkcesha ngonyawo emasimini, ukwenza phezu kwabo kwinkqubo yokunkcenkceshela Kulunda.

City kwi OB

Ukususela kumaxesha amandulo abantu kuhlala ecaleni kweendonga zemilambo. Musa ukuhlala bucala yaye umama ob - ecaleni kwiindawo zayo ezininzi. Esiyibiza inkulu ngokubhekiselele kubemi. Ekuqaleni lomlambo limi Biysk, owasekwa ngo-1709, kunye nabantu 200 amawaka. Man. Okulandelayo - Barnaul, zeAltai Territory Centre, owasekwa ngo-1730, abemi - ngaphezulu kwe-600 amawaka abantu .. NaseNovosibirsk - isixeko ephambili SFO, yasekwa ngowe-1893, loo nto umiwe ngabantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-1.5. ummandla Tomsk - izibuko Kolpashevo (1938, 23 amawaka abantu ..). Oil idolophu ummandla Khanty-Mansiysk, enabantu abangaphezu 300 lamawaka. Abantu. ngalinye - Nizhnevartovsk (1908) kunye Surgut (1594). Centre of the Yamalo-Nenets ஜோடி isilungelelanisi - Salekhard (.. 1595, amawaka 50 abantu) ukwakweli kodonga lasekunene OB River. Malunga naye elunxwemeni ngasekhohlo yi Labytnangi (1900, 26 amawaka. Keli.).

UPawulos

Phakathi Imijelo Russian emlanjeni omkhulu OB e iimpawu zabo ezisisiseko kuthatha:

• 1st - kwezindawo indawo isitya -. 2 million 990 namawaka ezadalwa M. km.
• 2 - ubude yejelo eziphambili - 3650 km.
• indawo yesithathu - kumthamo yonyaka iyonke abalekayo - 357 cubic metres. km.