Iityuwa ugleammoniynye: inkcazelo, ukwakheka, ububanzi

Phantse akukho kushishino lwemveliso akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle izinto afana esebenzayo. Kwezithako ezisetyenziswa kwezolimo, kushishino ukutya, ngexesha kwezikhumba, xa kusakhiwa kunye nezinye iinkalo ezininzi zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Kubo bonke bephela ziyathandwa ugleammoniynye iityuwa, akhona jikelele.

Ugleammoniynaya ityuwa

Ugleammoniynaya ityuwa - compound ezingaphiliyo omhlophe, enyibilikayo emanzini lula, kuba imveliso indlela le asidi kunye Ammonium iityuwa.

ngaphandle ziikristale into ukubola ukukhulula ngokukhawuleza izixa ezikhulu ammonia ne-carbon dioxide, uze komphunga. Kukho iindidi ezimbini iikhompawundi yamachiza:

1. Salt uhlobo ugleammoniynye B, ezisetyenziswa inxaxheba kushishino intsimbi ngethuba emigodini uranium ekrwada kwinkqubo ayinto, lo neutralization Chrome ngesikhumba kunye neemveliso umbala.
2. Neetyuwa ze brand A, esetyenziswa ukuvelisa iimveliso eziphilayo, synthesizing imichiza.

Zonke iintlobo iikhompawundi yamachiza akukho enyibilikayo ethanol kunye acetone. izinto okulungiselelweyo lokwaluka reactions redox phakathi neetyuwa kunye asidi.

chemical ukubunjwa

Ngokuhambelana kunye nemigangatho karhulumente, iityuwa ugleammoniynye kufuneka kusekelwe phezu ubuncwane owomileyo ubuncinane 99% ammonium yesoda, ammonium carbonate - hayi ngaphezulu kwe-1%, kunye namanzi wababopha kumgangatho molekyuli ayikho ngaphezulu kwe-3%.

I ngqo chemical Ukubunjwa amanani usenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke isicelo yikristale-kweziyobisi. Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yokudla kwi ekwakhiweni kufuneka ubuncinane 20,9% NH _3. iqhekeza Mass of ezinye iikhompawundi kulawulwa ngokungqongqo sikhokelo kunye mayingadluli zikhombisi zilandelayo:

• enzima - 5 * 10 ^-4;
• Ityhefu - 1 x 10 ^-4;
• valent zentsimbi kunye nemixube zayo - 1 * 10 ^-3;
• chlorine kunye kloride - 1 * 10 ^-3;
• amanzi iikhompawundi enganyibilikiyo - 5 * 10 ^-3.

Ezi zikhombisi zichazwa TU U 6-04687873.025-95 ifomula chemical - NH ₄ HCO _3.

iparameters Physical nemichiza

Ugleammoniynye iityuwa babe parameters ezibonakalisa indlela nempahla yabo ethile:

• izinto eziyiyo crystal angamelwa amhlophe, pink okanye ithinti ndiyingwevu;
• iqhezu mass of ammonia kwiqela A kufuneka ihlangane 21% ukuze B kwibakala - 20.7%;
• imali eseleyo mass emva calcination kufuneka ungabi ngaphezu kwe-0,008% for uhlobo A, kwaye hayi ngaphezulu kwe 0,02 ukuba B. iintlobo

Kuphela into ehambisana ezi parameters ukuze singachazwa ugleammoniynaya ityuwa. GOST 9325-79 useka la malungiselelo, kwakunye ilawula imigaqo imveliso, ezothutho kunye nokugcinwa, amanyathelo kunye nokhuseleko.

scope

Ityuwa kakhulu ugleammoniynaya afunyenwe kwishishini yokutya kunye nezolimo. Kwingingqi yokuqala lisetyenziswa kwi ongeziweyo E503 azenza rhoqo ithatha zokondla negwele kunye ammonium carbonate ukutya. Ukusebenzisa izinto unyityilikiswa emanzini kwi-20 ^{° C} nangaphezulu, kwaye emva koko zifakwe umxube olungumgubo i nje kokuba kwezulu umgubo.

iparameters Physical nemichiza ugleammoniynoy ityuwa uvumele ukusetyenziswa kwayo nje isichumiso. Ukwazisa ziikristale into ukufikelela linyuke okanye inkqubo ukumisa okupheleleyo ukuqokelelana nitrites emhlabeni, nto leyo ngokuyingenelo kuchaphazela isixa nokwanda yezityalo, kunye:

1. Ukwanda nge-15-45%.
2. Isanda kwezityalo fruiting obuziswa ngaphambili yi kweveki okanye ezimbini.
3. Oku kunciphisa imfuno nezichumiso phosphorus lomhlaba.
4. Ukhuthaza ukuyilwa wamatye.

Kwilizwe lethu, imveliso izichumisi ngokwesiseko ugleammoniynoy ityuwa swi usomashishini osakhasayo ekhaya, kutheni ixabiso imveliso usezantsi kakhulu iindleko nucleoside amazwe.

amanyathelo okhuseleko

Ugleammoniynye iityuwa ujonge iklasi 4 ingozi. Kubume iqulethe ezimbini yingozi kwimpilo yabantu - ammonia kunye carbon dioxide. Into yokuqala ityhefu kakhulu xa ukurhogele ezibangela ubuhlungu. Ukuba ubuthi kuchaphazela inkqubo luvo, kukho yintloko, amehlo alilayo, amahlaba kunye nezinye iimpawu.

Carbon dioxide lubanesiphumo ezidakumbisayo kunye soporific. Kukuninzi kokuphazamisa iziko yokuphefumla, ibangela ukomiwa yaye zingabangela ukufa ngenxa yokunqongophala kwe-oksijini.

Ngoko ke, ukusetyenziswa yetyuwa ugleammoniynye kunokwenzeka kuphela inengubo ezizodwa, iindondo zokhuseleko, iiglavu, ukumelana alkalis, iimaski. Emva imithetho ngococeko, best kwishawa efudumeleyo ukusebenza.