Iipropati elineeminerali. Rock ngu lekalika. lime ifomula

Lekalika - ilitye yendalo, nto leyo soft intlenga organic okanye organo-imichiza imvelaphi, ubukhulu becala ziyilwe ngecalcium carbonate (calcite). Ngokufuthi, iquka zwi engcolileyo, phosphate, dust, udongwe kunye nesanti amasuntswana kunye iintsalela calcareous amathambo iintsholongwane. Kweli nqaku, siza kuxubusha le izinto zendalo, iintlobo zayo, iimpawu nakubungakanani isicelo, kwakunye ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na formula eekhemikhali lekalika, yaye abaninzi ngakumbi.

ukubunjwa lekalika

Okokuqala, makhe sijonge indlela kwasekwa ezi izimbiwa. Limestone ikakhulu kwasekwa isitya elwandle nzulu, nangona kukho amanzi. Oku kwenzeka ngohlobo iidiphozithi kwaye izaleko. Maxa wambi ngokwemvula, ngathi gypsum kunye ityuwa ngumphunga Amachweba emanzini olwandle kunye namachibi. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi kuyo lifakwa iilwandle ezingakhange nesimo yokomisa olunzulu. Formation of kakhulu yilimestone yaqala kokwahlulwa eziphilayo emanzini olwandle ukwakha calcium oonokrwece carbonate zamathambo. Nazi iintsalela eziphilayo abafileyo kukuninzi yande komile. Owona mzekelo ngokumangalisayo retrieval kunye nokwanda ngecalcium carbonate kukho izixhobo. Ngenxa yoko, kwezinye iimeko, phezu yelimestone ikhefu oonokrwece ngamnye kungabonakala. Phantsi yempembelelo yolwandle kunye nempembelelo amaza kunye surf emanzini ikhefu. Kwaye phezu kolwandle , ukuba kongezeleka doti yelimestone calcium carbonate, leyo ngokwemvula kumanzi ayegcwele kubo. Kwakhona kwimfundo yamatye yilimestone abatsha inxaxheba calcium, leyo iphuma ematyeni mandulo kutshatyalaliswa.

uhlobo

Kukho ezininzi iintlobo lekalika. Coquina wabiza amaqokobhe cluster namaqhekeza zabo, ngesamente kwi ukuma lobusi. Kwimeko apho iqokobhe unalo ubungakanani elincinane kakhulu, kwasekwa ezithambileyo, lathamba kukhatshwa, yokuthambisa luyacolwa nokonakala lekalika - wokulinganisa. rock Oolitic iqulathe ncinane, malunga ubungakanani amaqanda zeentlanzi waqinisa iibhola. Undoqo nganye angamelwa isiqwengana iqokobhe, amabele lesanti okanye enye yamasuntswana izinto kwamanye amazwe. Kwimeko xa amaso inkulu, ezifana i-ertyisi, zibizwa pizolitami kunye uhlobo, ngokulandelelana, pizolitovym lekalika. Olunye uhlobo yi travertine - it luqokelelane phezu komhlaba ngexesha kwezulu of calcite okanye imithombo yamanzi గుర్తులు ibhaloni aragonite. Ukuba ezi iidipozithi ngaba aneentunja kakhulu zeendawana (imfunxa), ibizwa ngokuba tuff. Nesanti umxube nodongwe kunye calcium carbonate kubizwa ngokuba Marl.

Ukongeza, le lwelimestone kuyohluka kunye nemibala. umbala Basic - omhlophe. Kodwa kwakhona yellow, beige ukukhanya, gray okhanyayo, ubuncinane - ube bomvu kancinane. White-pink kunye ilitye elimhlophe-elityheli ingqalelo kakhulu ezixabisekileyo.

lime ifomula

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, le nto yendalo ubukhulu becala ziyilwe calcite okanye calcite kuzakuhlala amathambo kunye amaqokobhe, abafane of aragonite. Ngoko ke yelimestone olungumgubo baya kuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: CaCO _3. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo olusulungekileyo kunqabile kakhulu, kwezinye iimeko kuquka ubumdaka ezahlukeneyo zwi, izimbiwa ngodongwe, dolomite, gypsum, pyrite kwaye, kakade, iintsalela organic. Ngenxa yoko, dolomitic lekalika (Formula olu hlobo ibandakanya MgO) lwenziwa ukusuka ezine ukuya elinesixhenxe ekhulwini wemagniziyam oxide, marly - up to 21 ekhulwini oxides emuncu (Sio ₂ + R _{2 O-3).} Ukubunjwa kungabandakanya carbonate dolomite CaMg (CO _{3) 2,} FeCO _3, MnCO _3, yaye, ngezixa ezincinane - oxides, sulfides kunye hydroxides ka Fe, Ca ₃ (PO _{4) 2,} CaSO _4.

Lekalika: Properties kunye Izicelo

Physico-mechanical iimpawu namawa owahlukeneyo kakhulu, kunjalo, zixhomekeke ngqo kwi texture kunye nesakhiwo. Abafundi besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ucinga iimpawu lekalika (Grade 4) ukusuka kwindawo iimpawu zayo lwangaphandle. Baya ukufunda imida zilandelayo: umbala, ukuxinana, amandla, ilizwe, ukunyibilika. Siya kuhamba phambili umganyana ukunyamekele hi vuenti i iimpawu kwezimbiwa. Limestone onokuxinana kuluhlu 2700-2900 kg / m ^3. Le # Xa kungenxa isixa ubumdaka zwi equkethwe, dolomite kunye nezinye izimbiwa. utshintsho konga Bulk kuluhlu kakhulu elikhulu. Ngoko ke, travertine kwaye Shell oko 800 kuphela kg / m ^3, lo gama iliwa crystalline ifikelela 2800 kg / m ^3. Ukuqwalasela iimpawu lwelimestone, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba amandla compressive yamatye ixhomekeke mninzi wayo omninzi. Ngoko iqokobhe rock ke 0.4 MPA kuphela, yaye afanitov esondela 300 MPA. Ezi mpawu zingentla sizimisele uhlobo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezi zinto. Ngokomzekelo, xa kusakhiwa ngakumbi yilimestone compact ezisetyenziswa kweendonga wamatye kwaye aneentunja kulungile kanti ekudaleni ensembles zokuhombisa.

Impembelelo bezulu

Kuxhomekeka ukunyakama lweepropati yilimestone ungahluka. Oku ngokuyintloko kuchaphazela ngamandla alo - oko ngonyuka lincitshiswe ukuba ilitye emanzi. Ukongeza, uninzi iidiphozithi na uhlobo exutyiweyo. Kweli nqanaba kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo, ngenxa izinto inhomogeneous ziya kwahluka lexinene, nto leyo inokukhokelela intshabalalo. Ukuhlalutya iimpawu lwelimestone akufuneki ityeshelwe, kunye iparameters ezifana ukunganyangeki iqabaka: oku kuchaphazela kakhulu amandla izimbiwa kunye nobude ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Ngoko ke, limestones crystalline iqabaka 300-400 mijikelo. Noko ke, eli nani yehla kakhulu phambi neentanda kunye pores kulo mbandela. Ngoko ke, zonke iipropati zingentla lekalika kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele ukusetyenziswa kwale nto zendalo, ukwenzela ukuthintela ukutshatyalaliswa kwalo.

Lekalika ngokwakhiwa

Ushishino lokwakha umboleki enkulu izibonelelo izimbiwa phambi kwethu. Dolomitic (rock) lekalika isetyenziswe ukuvelisa putty kunye nesamente imixube, sealants kunye nezinye. lekalika White kukuninzi ezisetyenziswa kubekho nokuyifeza kunye umhombiso lwezakhiwo. Coquina isoloko ifumaneka njengoko iibhloko zokwakha, njalo njalo D. Asisayi kugxininisa kolu shishino., Yaye yaziwa kakuhle kangaka bonke. Ke ngoko hamba phambili.

Lekalika kwimveliso mveliso mihla

Kubonakala ukuba le nto yendalo isetyenziswa kwimveliso ipeyinti, rubbers kunye iiplastiki. A lihlanjululwe of ubumdaka eziyingozi emzimbeni womntu, isetyenziswa nkqu kushishino ukutya. Ukuveliswa lweglasi akwenzeki ngaphandle lekalika, kuba ngumthombo iphambili calcium. Olu hlobo zabonakala ziluncedo, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - component ukuzithengela imveliso kwephepha. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla ukuba usoloko usebenzisa iimveliso ezifana nemibhobho, ilinoliyam, tile, iithayile, njl .., Kwaye babengazi ukuba zonke ezi zinto nawo lekalika langoku. Nditsho imveliso zeplastiki (PP, PVC, krempleny, lavsan, njl) akakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle impahla eluhlaza. Le inks wasebenzisa calcium carbonate njengoko sombala Umbala. Njengoko ubona, le nkcazelo iye indawo ephambili phantse onke amashishini.

imboni chemical

Nezinto ezifana yezihlangu, intlama, umgubo kutyulwa izinto, njalo njalo., Liliphi sisebenzisa yonke imihla, zivela lekalika. Ezi izinto ezisetyenziswa ezivelisa amachiza asetyenziswa ukukhusela okusingqongileyo kungcoliseko iindidi ezahlukeneyo. Ngokusekelwe ngasentla, ngokukhuselekileyo sinokuthi ukuba izinto kakuhle eyaziwa yaye zifumaneka lula ukuba lekalika, yeyona nto ibalulekileyo yempucuko mihla.

anika umdla

A igalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso nangokukrola amatye wenza abantu baseMzantsi kunye Central America. Olmecs, Aztecs, Mayans inkqubela ebonakalayo ukukwazi ukuvelisa yikalikedo, obsidian kunye lesilicon sentsimbi, izixhobo yokusika kunye nezinye izinto zasekhaya. Ngoko ke, nezikhonkwane kwabadlali, graters, mortars benjenjalo ukudala abangelwe, induli yelitye lentlabathi kunye lekalika. Igubu kunye nezixhobo, kugawulwa eyenziwe diorite, jade, jade kunye nezinye izinto. Isikakhulu iziko processing ilitye ngumzi Maya - The fineness kunye Nebaj.