Njengokuba imvula obuvelisiweyo kunye nekhephu

abunjwe ngayo imvula, uyazi mihla nawuphi na umfundi, kodwa ixabisa sokuvuselela. umphunga Water - component ezingabonakaliyo kodwa noluhleli lukhona zezulu ezingqonge Umhlaba. Kuzo zonke imizimba yasemhlabeni amanzi avela ezilwandle ukuba kwamachibi ezincinane, njalo ngenkqubo ngumphunga amanzi. Ngenxa yokuba ulwelo atshintshelwe zomphunga sukube. I shushwana emanzini, ngokukhawuleza kuya emoyeni kwaye ngakumbi kwindawo amanzi, amanzi ngakumbi iguqulelwa ngomphunga. Abantu musa kubona oku komphunga, umphunga wamanzi iyabonakala, apho lupholile, apho kwenzeka amafu, oko kukuthi, xa kwindawo ephezulu. Ulweliso - inkqubo inguqu ayibonakali lulwelo umphunga ebonakalayo. Indima ephambili kule bobabo amandla elanga. Yena uchola phezulu umphunga esibhakabhakeni kwaye iba ngamafu. Umoya, nayo, ethwele amafu phezu imigama ezinkulu, esasaza kumhlaba kunye ukufuma ebalulekileyo.

Indlela of ekumisweni imvula

Njani ukwenza imvula? Xa ilifu kuwanelisa ngokupheleleyo kwaye abakwazi ukuthatha ukufuma amathontsi zincinane bawe inkqubo iqala khona. Ukuwa, bathe bandibopha nezinye amathontsi ukudala amathontsi ngakumbi, yaye ngenxa yoko kunokubonwa njengendlela imvula.

Ngexesha isiphango kudala amathontsi ezinkulu, anokuba ukuya ku-7 mm ubukhulu. Imvula nethontsi kwesiqingatha ngaphantsi kwe ndlela. Ekuhambeni phantse akukho xesha, ezahlulwe emvula ezincinane kuloo mntu, yaye yonke liba manzi. Imvula - ndikuxelela ilifu elo licwangcisa ngokwayo. Oku kwenzeka xa ziikristale amathontsi okanye, apho yayiyilwe, wayenza nzima kakhulu kwaye ziwe Earth. Bezulu cell eziliqela iindlela amathontsi ajike abe yimvula. Njengokuba imvula ibunjiwe, kuxhomekeke apho amathontsi amafu - eshushu okanye ebandayo. amafu ezifudumeleyo zenziwa ngamasuntswana amancinane amanzi. yokusithwa ngamafu badla ijike ibe umphunga emoyeni emhlabeni. Kwaye kukho zinkulu kangangokuba kuwa emhlabeni njengemvula. A kwamathana omncinane udlula efini, ngoxa engozini namanye amathontsi kunye munye kakade, ukuba adale lehle kakhulu. Oku kwehla acele ezinye amathontsi kwi indlela yakho phantsi. Umoya leyo njengokutshayelwa jikelele isantya lihla, esibonisa amaqamza amancinci, ukwandisa ubunzima bayo. Ngamanye amaxesha kuba nzima kangangokuba liphuma ubude ibe kuqokobhe.

Uphi na iqhwa?

Njengoko iintlobo iqabaka, imvula, ikhephu - onke la zihlolisiswe bezulu kunye sezulu ukubonelela kubo, kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuze alumkise uluntu malunga yemozulu embi. Xa amafu ebandayo ice ziikristale nucleate zamathontsana. amafu Cold eqalisiweyo esibhakabhakeni, waza wasifudusela kwiindawo apho lobushushu kusoloko umda 'amazinyo (0 ° ^C). Ezi amafu umxube amathontsi amanzi ice kwakheka. Xa amanzi aphuma ngokomphushu evela amathontsi engamanzi, oko ezikufutshane ziikristale, ngqele ajike abe eqinileyo. Xa ziikristale akhule kwaye bafumane ukufuma, they jikisa ngamahlwantsi kunye bawe phakathi efini. Kodwa ukuba ngaphandle ayikho kubanda kakhulu, iqhwa, kukho elifutshane elide. Baya kuhla ngokwemaleko komoya ezifudumeleyo aqale anyibilike kwakhona ajike abe emvula. Njengoko kukho iqhwa? Ukuba ilifu kukho yekhasi ezahlukeneyo obushushu nokufuma, nokuba litshatshazi, laba matshini ikhephu. umoya efudumeleyo emanzi lithwala a nethontsi lamanzi kwenzeka amafu ezibandayo zone owomileyo. Ngenxa lobushushu eliphantsi amathontsi ngumkhenkce kwaye enze ingxenye snowflake. Ehlabathini nucleus ngendlela ethile ziyaqokelelwa iziqwenga amanzi ashushu, ajike abe crystal ikhephu. flake ngalinye libunjwa ziikristale ngamnye 2-200. Ziikristale akhiwa amafu ebandayo phezu komhlaba, apho iqondo lobushushu lingehla ku 40 ^° iqina ^C kunye nomphunga amanzi, ajike abe ngumkhenkce. Snow crystal ushiya ilifu kwaye ewela emhlabeni. Snow kubonakala crystal ecacileyo xa abawayo, kodwa enyanisweni inkoliso iqhwa badalwe ngeenxa amasuntswana amancinane ngothuli, obalekiswa ngumoya ibiziswe esibhakabhakeni, lo mphunga wamanzi ukuba acacisa nkqu amasuntswana ngeenxa encinane yomsi. Xa sithatha esinamandla, ungabona ezi amasuntswana, leyo ezifihlakeleyo ngaphakathi iqhwa. Kwiikota ezintathu iqhwa narosli iziqwenga ngeenxa elincinane ingabonakaliyo udongwe okanye emhlabeni.

Ukuma iqhwa

Mhlawumbi, wonke ithuba babubone imilo entsonkothileyo of iqhwa ukuba kuhle eziwa esibhakabhakeni, ke ifakwe kwi mitten okanye idyasi. Yonke snowflake yahlukile kwaye zenze isakhiwo zabo ezizodwa. Ifom esisiseko ikhephu crystallite kuxhomekeke lobushushu apho flake ezimise. Le ngasentla ilifu, ngoko ke esibandayo. Ngenxa phezulu kagesi, apho ubushushu ingaphantsi ³⁵ ° C, ukuba iprism ezinamacala xa amaqondo obushushu Ifu kuluhlu -3-0 ^{° C,} loo iqhwa akhiwa iipleyiti. Xa amaqondo obushushu -5-3 ^o C wambumba iqhwa inaliti, kwaye ukusuka -8-5 ^{° C} ngohlobo iikholam. -12-8 ^C. Xa ipleyiti ukusekwa kwakhona. Ukuba lobushushu iwela ngezantsi - thatha ngokohlobo iqhwa Stars. Luyanda, iqhwa kuba nzima yaye bawa emhlabeni, utshintsho zabo imilo. Ukuba iqhwa abawayo, bokusonta, imilo wabo macala ngokugqibeleleyo, ukuba ishiyiwe, kwaneso kwicala, imilo kwabo ezitenxileyo ezinokwenzeka.

Ukuba umoya phantsi ilifu Snow kunomzimba 0 ° ^C, iqhwa kwi nokuwa zinyibilike, ajike abe yimvula, icacisa imvula ibunjiwe nekhephu emvuleni ngayo. Kodwa ukuba umoya obandayo ngokwaneleyo, loo iqhwa fly emhlabeni, ifihla isigqubuthelo yakhe emhlophe. Ukufumana kwakhe emhlabeni, ziikristale ikhephu ukuba kancane iipateni zabo ethe, ohlohliweyo kunye phantsi kwempembelelo kwezinye iqhwa.

Xa qabaka iwela?

Nemvano ibhekisa imvula eziqinileyo uwe umaleko obhityileyo yomkhenkce kwakheka. Kubonakala phezu komhlaba, kunye nezinto phantsi qhwa umhlaba, imimoya uzolile yaye isibhakabhaka ecacileyo. Xa lobushushu iwela ngaphantsi qa kuyo ngohlobo ziikristale ezinamacala kubushushu ephantsi - ngohlobo iipleyiti, ngezantsi ziikristale -15 ° C iqabaka uthabathe ngohlobo neenaliti blunt. Iifom njengeqabaka naziphi na izinto, ogama ubuso na ngaphandle lalingu emoyeni: engceni, emhlabeni, nophahla, iglasi.

imvula eneasidi

Umbilo (eyimvula, ikhephu) enesiqulatho eziphezulu acid na imvula eneasidi. ukuba akhiwa njani? Imithombo yimbonakalo imvula eneasidi kunokuba zombini iinkqubo zendalo (umsebenzi mlilo, yokubola iintsalela zesityalo) kunye ezikhutshwayo mveliso, ngokukodwa sulphur dioxide (SO ₂₎ kunye kwenitrojeni (NO, NO _2, N _{2 O-3),} ukutshiswa ezahlukeneyo zokubasa. Idibanisa ngamanzi emoyeni ukwenza sulphuric acid kunye ne-nitric acid. Ukuba into asidi ichithwe emoyeni emoyeni okroqiweyo ngamanzi, acid ngoko ziwe emhlabeni ngohlobo kwezulu. Ukuba amanzi, kubandakanywa acid, iwela njengotyani nabo emhlabeni, oko Ayize nakanye enezityalo nezilwanyana zehlabathi.

imvula emibalabala

Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bagcine izenzakalo ezifana imvula elinombala. Coloured imvula - lwepaki, kodwa eneneni ezinemibala. Indlela imvula kwakheka nge eyahlukileyo umbala? Umzekelo, imvula ebomvu wabonwa ngo-Apreli 1970 e Thessaloniki eGrisi. yimimoya enamandla ngaphezu iSahara wavusa ezininzi amasuntswana ubumba olubomvu phezulu ezulwini, uze emva koko babathwalela zibe emafini esibhakabhakeni phezu eGrisi. izandyondyo zemvula yakuhlamba lodongwe kwamafu, kodwa umbala Lana ebomvu kangangexesha elithile. Ngowe-1959, Massachusetts wadlula imvula umbala omthubi noluhlaza. Ngumtyholwa yajika phandle ukuba umungu ayibangelwanga kwizityalo ezaphakanyiswa esibhakabhakeni. Yaye ngoMatshi 1972, wawa ikhephu blue French Alps: ikhephu leyo enemibala izimbiwa wakhululwa Sahara.