Iintlobo transfer ubushushu: transfer ubushushu lomlingani

Nayiphi na umzimba izinto uneempawu ezifana nobushushu, leyo ukwandisa ukunciphisa. Ubushushu hhayi izinto eziphathekayo: njengenxalenye amandla yayo yangaphakathi, oko kwenzeka ngenxa intshukumo kunye impefumlelwano iimolekyuli. Ekubeni ubushushu izinto ezahlukeneyo zinokwahluka, kukho inkqubo transfer ubushushu ukusuka into ndinobushushu into kunye imali encinci ubushushu. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba transfer bubushushu. Iindidi eziphambili transfer ubushushu, kunye neendlela zabo amanyathelo eza kuxutyushwa kweli nqaku.

Guquka thermal

Ubushushu exchange okanye inkqubo lobushushu zokudlulisela kuqhubeka phakathi mba, kwaye ukusuka into enye ukuya kwenye. Kule ngamandla ubushushu ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu ebonakalayo lo mbandela, iqondo lobushushu izinto (ukuba kobushushu ebandakanya izinto ezininzi) kunye nemithetho physics. transfer Ubushushu - yinkqubo njalo eyenzeka unilaterally. Umgaqo ephambili kunaniselwano ubushushu kukuba umzimba kakhulu shushu usoloko unika ukufudumeza injongosenzi kunye lobushushu ephantsi. Umzekelo, ayini eshushu linika ubushushu xa iimpahla ayina iibhulukhwe, kwaye awunakho ukwenza ngolunye uhlobo. transfer Ubushushu - simanga ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha index, leyo kuluphawu vuhlayiseki unikezelo ubushushu esithubeni.

iindlela transfer ubushushu

IiNdlela wokuhlangana thermal kwezinto ifuna iimilo ezahlukeneyo. Kukho iindidi ezintathu transfer ubushushu endalweni:

1. conductivity thermal - Indlela aphakathi of transfer ubushushu ukusuka kwenye ingxenye yomzimba ukuya kwenye, okanye enye into. Le propati isekelwe phezu inhomogeneities ubushushu ezi izinto.
2. පිළිතුරු iimpendulo - ubushushu exchange phakathi ulwelo (elulwelo, emoyeni).
3. ukusebenza Imitha - ukudluliselwa ubushushu ukusuka itshiswa shushu kwi ngeendleko imizimba yazo eneji (imithombo) ngokohlobo amaza kunye omoya rhoqo.

Cinga ntlobo zidweliswe of transfer ubushushu iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu.

conductivity thermal

Amaninzi, le conductivity thermal uyaqapheleka eziqinileyo. Ukuba phantsi kweempembelelo nayiphi na into enye kwaye ukwimo enye kuvela iindawo kunye amaqondo ezahlukeneyo, i-eneji wobushushu wesahlulo eshushu kuya kulaa kubanda. A ngumkhuba efanayo kwezinye iimeko singabonakala abangaboniyo. Umzekelo, ukuba uthatha intonga yesinyithi, umzekelo, inaliti, kwaye ebilandelwa emlilweni, ngoko emva komzuzwana, ukubona indlela amandla thermal isasazeka ngokuthi inaliti ukwenza kwiindawo ezithile evutha. Kule ndawo apho lobushushu ingaphezulu nokukhanya ngokuba mhlophe, yaye icala, apho t na asezantsi kube mnyama. Le conductivity thermal nazo saphawula phakathi izidumbu ezimbini (imagi neti eshushu kunye ngesandla)

Ubunzulu ugqithiso lwemali ubushushu kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, umlinganiselo apho yezibalo French Fourier kutyhilwa. Ezi zinto ziquka ithambeka yokuqala lobushushu (umlinganiselo umahluko lobushushu shinyi yentonga ukuya umgama ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye), icandelo indawo umnqamlezo umzimba, kwaye conductivity thermal (zonke izinto ke ezahlukeneyo, kodwa liphezulu iqatshelwe isinyithi). Ngumlingani Okubaluleke kakhulu conductivity thermal waphawula ukuba yobhedu aluminium. Akumangalisi ukuba ezi iintsimbi ezimbini adla ngokusetyenziswa ekwenziweni amacingo ombane. Emva Fourier umthetho obushushu nomthamo inyuswe okanye ihliswe ngokutshintsha enye yezi parameters.

Iintlobo transfer ubushushu පිළිතුරු iimpendulo

පිළිතුරු iimpendulo semvelo ingakumbi igesi kunye ulwelo, inamacandelo amabini: conductivity thermal kunye nentshukumo aphakathi (ukuhanjiswa) medium. indlela පිළිතුරු iimpendulo amanyathelo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukunyuka lobushushu ezo molekyuli iziyobisi fluid luqala eshukumayo yayo yaye bakhuthele ngakumbi xa kungekho lwendawo nemiqobo kweziyobisi umthamo ukunyuka. Isiphumo sale nkqubo iza kuncipha lexinene kwento kunye nentshukumo yayo phezulu. Umzekelo olothusayo lobuninzi පිළිතුරු iimpendulo - intshukumo komoya eshushu liphole ukusuka kwibhetri ukuya eluphahleni.

Ukwahlula iintlobo පිළිතුරු iimpendulo ubushushu simahla nokunyanzeliswa transfer. Ubushushu kunye ukuxokozela uhlobo mass ezamahala kungenxa inhomogeneity wenkqu, ngamanye eshushu kuphuma ulwelo phezu indlela abandayo yendalo ngaphandle linalo impembelelo imikhosi lwangaphandle (umz; xa igumbi zokufudumeza zokufudumeza). Xa ngenkani intshukumo පිළිතුරු iimpendulo ubunzima kwenzeka phantsi amanyathelo imikhosi yangaphandle, ezifana ukukhwezela iti icephe.

ubushushu obuma-

Imitha okanye ukudluliselwa ubushushu unyulu ingaqhuba ngaphandle ukuqhagamshelana nenye into okanye impahla, ngoko kusenokwenzeka nokuba kungekho (cleaner). transfer ubushushu Radiative lokuba onke amaqumrhu ukuba ithile enoba kukancinane okanye, kwaye kubonakala ngohlobo amaza kunye omoya oluqhubekayo. A Umzekelo umxhelo - imitha yelanga. Indlela amanyathelo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: umzimba gqolo ikhala isixa esithile ubushushu kwisithuba zilurhangqile. Xa oku mandla yavakala enye into okanye impahla, ezinye kokuba lilo inxalenye yesibini singenelayo, kwaye eyesithathu kubonakaliswe bume. Nasiphi na isixhobo zingabonisa zombini kukhutshwe ubushushu ukufunxa, impahla emnyama ukwazi ukufunxa ubushushu ngaphezu ukukhanya.

iindlela transfer ubushushu Combined

Kwindalo, iintlobo iinkqubo transfer ubushushu kunqabile kuthi bodwa. Ngokufuthi, ingabonwa kunye. Xa obizwa, indibaniselwano nayo igama, umzekelo, i-conductivity thermal + පිළිතුරු iimpendulo - a transfer convective ubushushu conductivity + radiation thermal thermal kuthiwa radiation-conductive transfer ubushushu. Ngaphezu koko, iintlobo ekwanti ezifana odityanisiweyo ubushushu njenge:

• transfer Ubushushu - intshukumo ubushushu phakathi igesi kunye into engamanzi okanye eqinileyo.
• transfer Heat - ukudluliselwa t ukusuka umcimbi enye ukuya kwenye nge isithintelo ngoomatshini.
• Convective-radiative transfer ubushushu akhiwa indibanisela පිළිතුරු iimpendulo kunye radiation thermal.

Iintlobo exchange ubushushu endalweni (imizekelo)

transfer Fudumeza kwindalo idlala indima enkulu yaye ayiphelelanga ngokushushubeza ilanga umhlaba. imisinga පිළිතුරු iimpendulo elikhulu, ezifana nokuhamba khona umoya, ikakhulu ukuqinisekisa ngemozulu iplanethi yethu yonke.

Le conductivity thermal lomongo komhlaba kukhokelela qhuma Igiza kunye mlilo. Le yinxalenye encinane nje imizekelo exchange ubushushu emhlabeni wonke. Ndawonye bakha uhlobo transfer convective ubushushu radiation transfer ubushushu Iintlobo conductive eziyimfuneko ukuphila emhlabeni.

Ukusetyenziswa ubushushu kwimisebenzi yabantu

Ubushushu - yinxalenye ebalulekileyo phantse kuzo zonke iinkqubo zoshishino. Kunzima ukutsho uhlobo ubushushu bomntu ayisafani kakhulu kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Mhlawumbi zontathu ngexesha elifanayo. Ngenxa yenkqubo transfer ubushushu lwenzeka lokunyibilikisa zesinyithi, ukuveliswa imithamo emikhulu kwempahla, kuqalwa izinto ukusetyenziswa ngemihla nesiphelo neenqanawa isithuba.

Kubalulekile ukuba impucuko zinamacandelo thermal ekwaziyo ukuguqula amandla thermal esandleni ezisebenzisekayo. Ezi ziquka ipetroli, i-diesel, isiguquli, ufakelo turbine. Ngomsebenzi wabo basebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo transfer ubushushu.