Iintlobo ezisisiseko iintlobo iimpompo, iimpawu zazo

Oku kubizwa isixhobo pump ngamanzi ukuba sokufunxa okanye uxinzelelo obhobhozayo fluid ezihamba umyalezo lwangaphandle ngayo amandla entshukumo okanye okunokwenzeka.

Iintlobo iimpompo zamanzi ahluka yi parameters zabo ezikhoyo zobugcisa, ezibandakanya:

• imali ulwelo leyo ihambisa impompo nganye kwexesha unit;
• uxinzelelo ngophuhliso okanye uxinzelelo eliphezulu;
• ukusebenza;
• namandla.

Imbali kwamamdla

Iindidi yokuqala kweempompo zibonakele BC ngenkulungwane 1. e. Bona encede zokucima umlilo. Noko ke, kude kube ngenkulungwane ye-18. izixhobo ezifana zisetyenziswa kunqabile kakhulu.

Yonke into yatshintsha emva kokusungulwa injini nokwandisa isidingo samanzi. iintlobo ezahlukeneyo kweempompo baqalisa endaweni izixhobo nokuphakamisa amanzi ezisetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yabantu. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo uxinzelelo iindlela hydraulic iya ohlukeneyo. Ngophuhliso izimvo zobugcisa echaza iintlobo eziphambili kwimibhobho yeempompo. Ezi zibandakanya Buyisela, rotary kunye umatshini, ngaphandle ezihambayo imizimba zokusebenza.

Inkqubela kwezenzululwazi neteknoloji zikhokelele kwinto yokuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kweempompo ezikhoyo namhlanje. Yintoni ke, yintoni injongo yayo engundoqo, esiza kuyiqwalasela kweli nqaku.

Household kunye nemishini mveliso hydraulic

Okwangoku iintlobo ezikhoyo kweempompo babe yokuhlela ezahlukeneyo. Omnye wabo iphathelene imihlaba isicelo kwezixhobo kwaye khetha indlu enye nezamashishini. Eyokuqala kwezi mishini zisetyenziselwa amdaka, ukufudumeza kunye nonikezelo lwamanzi kwizakhiwo zokuhlala noshishino.

iimpompo Industrial zenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye nofakelo. Zisetyenziswa xa enikezela amanzi neoli zokumpompa izinto ndlongondlongo, kwakunye nezinye iintshukumo ezininzi ezithile.

Impompo nokususwa Positive

Enye Ulwahlulo koomatshini hydraulic sithabathela ingqalelo iimpawu zoyilo kunye nokusebenza. Ziziphi iindidi iimpompo kulo mzekelo, zezona eziphambili? Kuyinto oomatshini-ntathu kunye neguquguqukayo hydraulic.

Eyokuqala kubo a ukusebenza kwigumbi umzimba. Phantsi nefuthe imikhosi xi evela ikwatshintsha ngumqulu, nto leyo ekhokelela arhente ukufuduka ngebhaxa.

Zonke iimpompo ukubana (iintlobo, iintlobo esixubusha) kwakwenzelwe ukuba ikwazi ukuzisa iziselo viscous. Umgaqo nokusebenza kwezixhobo ezingalunganga kwi inguqu kwamandla. Isasazeka ukusuka imoto ukuya kulwelo.

iimpompo ukubana HIV ziphezulu-ingcinezelo. Xa umsebenzi yabo lokungcangcazela enkulu kwenzeka, apho isixhobo ucimayo obekwe kwi kwisiseko elikhulu. Noko ke, ukugqithisela ezi iimpompo ayikho kuphela amandla abo eziphakamileyo. izixhobo ezinjalo ziyakwazi ukufunxeka owomileyo.

Iindidi iimpompo nokususwa HIV

Kukho izixhobo ezahlukeneyo apho umzimba ukusebenza ikhamera. Phakathi kwazo kukho iiyunithi:

1. Rotary. It oludlulisa ukuba izindlu olusisigxina apho vanes, iibhleyidi, kunye nezinye izinto ezifana azifakwanga. ukufuduka fluid, kule meko igalelo nentshukumo rotors.
2. Gear. Olu ke uhlobo elula pump kunye ukufuduka ngenkani. Ezi zixhobo hambisa umthamo fluid kwinkqubo yokutshintsha amagiya ukuqanda izingxoxo.
3. Impeller. Ukuba ubani ejonga impompo enjalo zezikhali, sinako ukubona iincakuba impeller ezenziwe ngezinto ilastiki. Le ibekwe ngaphakathi emzimbeni ome. Kwenzeka ntoni xa umsebenzi kwisixhobo onjalo? Yabe ukugoba uphendule, kulwelo ukufuduka.
4. Cam. Kwezi iimpompo kuvela ujikelezo ayingaphandle rotors amabini, kwaye ikhuthaza intshukumo fluid ngokusebenzisa egumbini processing. iindlela cam ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa imveliso zobisi, iziselo, hooter njalo njalo. D. Konke oku kubulela ubuchule babo yokumpompa amanzi ukuba inclusions ezinkulu. Kwakhona, le hlobo pump isetyenziswa kwishishini loxubo-mayeza.
5. Peristaltic. Ezi ndawo iimpompo yokusebenza olusezantsi kwisingxobo multilayer bhetyebhetye ezenziwe elastomer. Xa injini kwiphakati enjalo ukutshintsha nomphini kunye roller. Bathi ska ngaphakathi, ukuququzelela intshukumo fluid, ibekwe ngaphakathi kuyo.
6. Screw. Kwimeko kwale mpompo ifakiwe eyenziwe elastomer stator. It is a plane yesinyithi kokuba imilo helical. ziya njani kule meko afakwe ulwelo? Emva kokuba ubukele plane motor iqalisa ukuba ukujikeleza, ukutshintsha umthamo ukuqanda zangaphakathi. Xa oku kusenzeka kunye nokususwa engamanzi.

iimpompo eguquguqukayo

Kuba ezi zixhobo, ebonakala ngu inguqu kabini amandla. Ekuqaleni, yena wathunyelwa ulwelo ngendlela entshukumo. Xa oku ezihambisekayo ngaphakathi kwimpompo kwandisa isantya flow yayo. Ngaphezu koko, kukho uguqulelo buso yamandla yamanzi ngendlela static. Xa oku isantya sokuqukuqela liyancipha noxinzelelo okwandayo. izixhobo ezifana, ngokuchaseneyo bulk, akakwazi ukuvelisa sokufunxa owomileyo.

oomatshini bokushicilela hydraulic

Cinga ngeentlobo iimpompo olutshintshayo. Yeyona ixhaphakileyo kwezi iingcinga centrifugal. Ezi iimpompo asetyenziswa enikezela amanzi eshushu okanye ebandayo, kwakunye zokumpompa neencindi ndlongondlongo kunye viscous, amanzi amdaka kunye nemixube kwamanzi SLAG, emhlabeni, umgquba kunye like. D.

njani umsebenzi nempompo centrifugal? Ifunyanwa phakathi ezijikelezayo iincakuba impeller, amasuntswana ulwelo ziveliswa amandla alo entshukumo. Ngenxa yoko kukho amandla centrifugal. Eqhubekela ulwelo ngakumbi izindlu motor. Lo msebenzi wenzeka gqolo enkosi uxinzelelo, eqinisekisa unikezelo rhoqo ulwelo elitsha amasuntswana impompo.

Ngokutsho injongo iimpompo centrifugal zihlelwe kwi:

• ezisetyenziswa ephehla thermal yokusebenza izixhobo;
• ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa.

Ziziphi iindidi iimpompo centrifugal, iqela lokuqala? Devices esetyenziselwa esasaza amanzi, yahlulwe ejikeleza kunye recirculation. Iimpompo ezifakelwe ubushushu, yahlulwe kwibhoyila kunye nothungelwano. Xa ulungiselela amanzi okusela esetyenziselwa condensate iimpompo centrifugal kunye Motors servo xa kusondliwa kwinkqubo turbines umphunga - inaliti.

Zeziphi izixhobo zisetyenziselwa iinjongo zoshishino ezahlukeneyo? Kuyinto ezi ntlobo iimpompo centrifugal noshishino, umlilo, ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye like. D.

Kutsha nje ziye ezintsha izixhobo ezinjalo. Phakathi kwabo athandwa iimpompo nesanti centrifugal. zisetyenziselwa zokumpompa of slurries. Kungenxa yoko le iimpompo zifakelwe kwiindawo apho kukho esanti emanzini, kwakunye nazo zonke iintlobo eziqinileyo ze imvelaphi mveliso.

device singqonga hydraulic

Ezi iimpompo iimpawu eguquguqukayo efanayo centrifugal, kodwa, ngokungafaniyo kubo, babe ubunzima ngaphantsi kunye nomlinganiselo. Phakathi iintsilelo ze-iimpompo omtsha uyakwazi ukwahlula ukusebenza ephantsi, nto leyo ekusebenzeni ongaphantsi kweshumi elinesihlanu ekhulwini. Ngaphezu koko, amalungiselelo ezinjalo abakwazi yokumpompa amanzi equlathe amasuntswana esirhabaxa, ekubeni kukhokelela yokonakala ngokukhawuleza ungamalungu zangaphakathi.

Jet device hydraulic

Ezi iimpompo, ngokwahlukileyo kwezinye oomatshini ezininzi ezifana abakwazi ukwenza i overpressure ngamashishini. Umgaqo Yabo nokusebenza azezi inguqu yamandla zibe namandla entshukumo kolwelo. Kulo mzekelo, impompo jet akukho ezihambayo. Indlela esisiseko yokusebenza ngamayelenqe yolu didi - ulwelo okanye jet igesi.

iimpompo basenokuba jet amanzi (umz, hydroelevators). Kwezi transfers fluid ukusebenza amandla alo entshukumo ukuya nomongo sokumpompa. Phakathi jet iimpompo apho kunye airlifts. isiguquli basithwesa umoya enoxinzelelo. umxube Further amanzi iqhutywa umkhosi wavulwa of amaqamza.

iimpompo zamanzi

Ezi zixhobo eziliqela iintlobo. Kodwa kakhulu, iingcali mabazihlele njengoko senzelwe. Umzekelo, oku kulandelayo iintlobo iimpompo zamanzi:

• Ajikeleza osetyenziswayo ukunyanzela fluid kwiinkqubo umoya, amanzi ashushu amanzi zokufudumeza;
• amanzi zokuphatha eziyimfuneko ukuze ndikhuphe ulwelo amaqula kunye imithombo batywiliselwe kunye komhlaba;
• Esidi esetyenziselwa zokumpompa amanzi equleni, amanzi amdaka kunye emagumbini.

Iintlobo iimpompo ukuba iingcali yamanzi aphezu komhlaba-uhlobo zahlulwa kwi isetyenziswa:

• pressurization;
• amanzi abandayo;
• Iinkqubo zokucima.

iimpompo Ukukhetha, iintlobo, iimpawu, kunye nezinye Ipharamitha sixhobo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, ngokuxhomekeke kuyo lwabo. Ngoko ke, ngamanye amaxesha umatshini kuya kufuneka ukusebenza stand-alone bume. Kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ukufikelela yayo unikezelo mbane kuya kubonelelwa.

Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho iindidi ezinjalo iimpompo zamanzi nesebenza iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi. Zibizwa ngokuba iimpompo motor. Noko ke, ukuba yahlulwe ipetroli nedizili. Kukho iimpompo zombane. Umsebenzi wabo uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwi ombane unikezelo.

Nangona kunjalo, le iimpompo ngokuhlelwa okungundoqo ngokubhekisele kwinkcazelo indawo abahlala kuyo xa kuthelekiswa kumthombo ubonelelo. Phantsi olu khetho, kwaye yahlulwe phezu komhlaba, warhaxwa. Cinga ngezi ntlobo izixhobo zolwimi ngokunzulu.

iimpompo kumphezulu

Ezi zixhobo ezisetyenziswa kakhulu nemiqolomba, izindlu lizwe kunye nezindlu lizwe. Zisetyenziswa ukwandisa uxinzelelo kwinkqubo yonikezelo lwamanzi, kwakunye ukunkcenkceshela kunye nomhlaba zokunkcenkceshela. Ngoncedo iphakamisa amanzi kule mithombo kunye namachibi ezivulekileyo ilahlwe kumgama oziimitha ezisibhozo ukusuka esqwini kwimpompo.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezi zixhobo. Hi xikombiso, yi indlela nokugalela amanzi kunye isixhobo lwangaphakathi zihlelwe kulo omtsha kunye igubu, ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye ejikelezayo, kwakunye console (centrifugal). Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi beelori kuhlala iintlobo ezimbini. Ezi yunithi kulula ukuyisebenzisa, compact kunye noloqoqosho, kwaye xa zona kwindlela esizisebenzelayo ethile ifumana isikhululo ngokupheleleyo.

iimpompo Surface kuquka amacandelo alandelayo:

1. Lamanzi. Olu hlobo akhwifa umendo ukusuka apho kukho inani ngqo fluid kwimpompo uze kwezo ndawo kuhlangana kunye nenkqubo lwamanzi, okanye ukuya draw.
2. Ejector. Esi sixhobo ezikhethekileyo kulindeleke ukuba kuphucule kwemali kunye yengcinezelo kwimpompo ngokwandisa ubunzulu sokufunxa.
3. Izindlu. Its bavame ngezinto ezihlolwayo, intsimbi waphosa, alumuniyam okanye insimbi. Xa unit kulo nyaka, ebusika umzimba kufuneka liyikhu- engqeleni.
4. Injini. Kusenokuba yokuvutha kwangaphakathi okanye zombane. Konke kuxhomekeke kudidi lwe pump.

afundwa iimpompo

Olu hlobo leeyunithi kumphezulu sisixhobo ephucukileyo. ngokubanzi ukuba asetyenziswa kumxokelelwane zokufudumeza elizenzekelayo intshukumo ngenkani amanzi kwisiphaluka evaliweyo nokulondoloza lobushushu rhoqo kuso.

Xa uyilo, bona babe izindlu ngensimbi eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi okanye plane yodongwe nesibili sibheqwayo apho.

Ezi ndidi zilandelayo ejikeleza iimpompo namhlanje:

• nge plane "ezimanzi";
• nge plane "owomileyo".

Eyokuqala yazo nesele noiseless, olunoqoqosho, cheap kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa. element yabo yokusebenza sakhiwe ukwenzela ukuba amanzi lubricates zonke iindawo ngaxeshanye buyehla injini. Kodwa ezi yunithi unalo engxakini ebalulekileyo. Inyaniso kukuba xa Ukubolekisa ukupheliswa engamanzi kunokubangela motor nobushushu. Ngaphezu koko, ukusebenza leeyunithi ezilolo hlobo lisezantsi kakhulu.

Zonke iintlobo yobushushu ukujikeleza pump uhlobo, kunye plane "owomileyo" abe eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi fan. motor yabo ngokokwakheka uyazimela engamanzi aqukuqelayo. Kulo mzekelo, ukusifaka zonke iindawo ochukumisayo lwenziwa nge ngegrisi.

Kwelinye icala, ezi iimpompo zihlukaniswe:

• kuqatyeliswa, apho injini wahlukile igobhogobho;
• monoblock, apho izindlu kunye injini kwakhona ezahlulwe sisithuba kodwa ngexesha elifanayo block nye;
• esemgceni-iimpompo ezahlukileyo ezimbini ezidlulileyo kwisidima yalo phezulu.

iimpompo ngwenya

iiyunithi zibalulekile kwezo meko apho oomaleko zamanzi ezifakwe kubunzulu esigqithileyo m-8. ngwenya iimpompo uvikivwa kulo wellbore kunye umbhobho ingcinezelo. Ngaphezu koko, phantsi koxinzelelo eyenziwe isixhobo yiHydraulic, amanzi angena endlwini.

Zonke iindidi iimpompo ngwenya ophezulu-komsebenzi, koko, ube ukuphola esebenzayo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Ngokutsho isixhobo yayo yangaphakathi iimpompo ngwenya zihlelwe kwi:

• centrifugal, apho amanzi esijikeleziswa kunye yabe impeller kwaye wondla phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu;
• ukungcangcazela, apho ulwelo ifunxwe ngenxa lokungcangcazela kunye nendlela electromagnetic.

iimpompo ezinjalo iya kuba istili, imoto kunye iswitshi. Impompo lokulawula amanzi kunye nothungelwano lwemijelo ke Ukongezelela sifakele chopper okanye macerator eyenzelwe ukunqanda ulwelo kuloo izinto eziqinileyo ezinkulu kuno-5 cm.

izixhobo umlilo-ekulweni Hydro-technical

Ukuya iimpompo kusetyenziswa eyendawo imililo, iimfuno ezizodwa. Ukusuka ubuhle babo uyilo kunye nobugcisa iparameters oko kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimpumelelo yokulwa nomlilo.

Zeziphi ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo iimpompo ngomlilo? konke kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ucimayo le. Ngenxa yoko, iinjini umlilo ukumisela iyunithi uhlobo centrifugal. Baya bakhonza arhente zokucima ngaphandle pulsations musa kwandisa uxinzelelo kwi zalomke okanye nobutyobo ithumbu umlilo, ilula kwaye zithembekile msebenzi.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba iimpompo centrifugal ezinyuselwe iinjini umlilo musa ukuba esimbaxa motor-eqhutywa kwaye ube nelitye iphantsi kakhulu kunye nomlinganiselo. Noko ke, le yunithi abanye neengxaki. Bona abakwazi ukuba ukuzoba ngokuzimeleyo fluid kwaye alungele ukusebenza kuphela emva kokuba izele umgca sokufunxa amanzi.

Ziziphi ezinye iintlobo iimpompo ngomlilo? Le yunithi abancedisayo. Kwakhona umlilo iimoto. iimpompo Auxiliary ukuvumela ukuba bazalise lweHo- umzimba indlela centrifugal kunye ithumbu sokufunxa ngamanzi. Kungenxa yoko le nto umsebenzi wabo elifutshane. kokuba luqhawulwe emva kokuqalisa kwimpompo centrifugal. Njengoko izixhobo abangabancedani kusetyenziswa lokubolekwa kunye nezinye uhlobo rotary.

iimpompo namafutha

Ezi zixhobo zenzelwe ukuba ukunciphisa imikhosi ukukhuhlana phakathi kwezahlulo ihamba ze-injini. Zonke iintlobo iimpompo yeoli zahlulwe iindidi ezimbini. Eyokuqala kuzo adjustable. Xa iimpompo ezinjalo, lo xi igcinwa rhoqo iphumelele yokusebenza. Le iimpompo oyile Uhlobo lwesibini - ezingalawulwayo. Kwakhona ukulondoloza njalo, kodwa ke kuphela ngoncedo xi yokunciphisa vana. Uninzi iinjini mihla zifakwa kunye iimpompo, uhlobo ezisisigxina.

Units ukuba afakwe i-oyile kunye zahlulwa ngokuvumelana nendlela ezime ngayo. Zezi:

• ubungakanani nezixhobo, zicwangciswe izindlu kunye ukuqhuba kunye nezixhobo eqhutywa;
• rotary.

Xa yokuqala kwezi ndidi zimbini oyile izixhobo engena izindlu apho entrained amagiya. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa ivelufa obhobhozayo isusiwe kule nkqubo.

Performance of nempompo loo ngokomlinganiselo ngqo ukuya kumaza apho crankshaft iyajikeleza. Emva xi kwiyunithi obhobhozayo oyile idlula umda ethile, umsebenzi engena xi nokunciphisa vana. It ipasisa inxalenye ethile yeoli kwi sokufunxa blade okanye crankcase.

Njengoko kwimibhobho yeempompo rotary, inokuba zombini kunye ulawulo umisiweyo yaye adjustable. Uhlobo lokuqala kwezi yunithi abe ukuqhuba kunye rotors eziqhutywa ukuba ibekwe lwekhabhinethi. La malungu asetyenziswa ulungiso ioli angena kwinkqubo. Ngaphezu koko, njengoko nempompo izixhobo ukususa izinto ivula xi nokunciphisa vana.

iimpompo bokushicilela onolawulo adjustable, nika njalo ukusebenza, nto leyo akuxhomekekanga kwi isantya ojikeleza ngaso le crankshaft. Ukwenza lo msebenzi zinikwe entwasahlobo zokulungisa kunye stator eshukumayo. I-njalo yokusebenza eveliswa ngokuguqula umthamo lweHo- leyo phakathi drive kunye rotors eziqhutywa.

iimpompo fuel

Ezi yunithi izinto ezisisiseko, zibe esebenza ngaphandle injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi. njongo yabo iphambili kukunikezela ipetroli okanye idizili ukusuka itanki ukuya kwigumbi yokutsha.

iimpompo Enye okanye amafutha ezimbini - kuba izixhobo olusisinyanzelo imoto nganye. Ezi yunithi ukufeza lo msebenzi, umgaqo apho uxhomekeke kakhulu iimpawu yabo. Zeziphi ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo iimpompo amafutha? Eyona ezimbini kubo. Zezi:

1. impompo yamafutha Mechanical. Esi sixhobo siyinxalenye injini પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi. oko nempompo piston classic kuyilo yayo. Eyona ndawo iphambili unit - yezindlu yahlulwe kubini, uvalo kunye neevalvu ezimbini ukunika nokufumana amafutha.
2. Electric. Olu hlobo bomashini ifumana ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwinjini ipetroli nge-elekhtrons eyahlukileyo. Zombane ifakiwe nokuba ngqo kwi itanki okanye kuyo nayiphi na indawo amafutha. Assemblies ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ipetroli ngwenya. Bona ibekwe emazantsi yitanki. Ngenxa yoko, uhlobo obhobhozayo oyile iimpompo zombane yahlulwe centrifugal, gear ivili.

ezininzi iintlobo iimpompo, uzivile zonke iingcinga ezinjalo ezisetyenziswa kwindawo ethile.