Iingqungquthela zesifo: ukufaneleka, ingozi, ukukhuselwa

Ingqungquthela yesifo semasisi yenye yezinto ezixinzezelayo oogqirha abakhathazekile ngeli lihlobo. Ngenxa yokungaphumeleli ngokubanzi koluntu ukugonya abantwana, izifo ezinokutshatyalaliswa kwexesha elide ezifana neliyopolori kunye ne-smallpox baqala ukubuyela. Kwinqanaba elinjalo lawa kunye nemasisi.

Isifo esiyingozi esiYurophu

Ukuqhambuka kweYurophu kwaqala ngonyaka odlulileyo. Amacala okuqala abhalisiwe kwintsimi yaseRomania, kwaye ke akukho mntu waqala ukwenza ingxolo, nangona ingxelo yeSixeko saseYurophu sokuLawula izifo yayisongela kwaye ifukisele indlela engathandekiyo kwixesha elizayo.

Ngo-2017, iRomania ihamba kuqala ngokubhekiselele kwinani lamatyala, apho (ngokwemibiko) malunga nabantu abayiiwaka amahlanu bathathwe ngeminyaka emibini kwaye sele sele bevele bangamashumi amabini anesithathu abaswelekileyo kwisifo.

Ingqungquthela yesifo se-measles eYurophu iye yasasa eItali, apho ukususela ngoJanuwari kulo nyaka, kukho amacala ayi-1,739. Uninzi lwezigulana ngabantwana kunye nabantwana abaselula abazange bachonywe malunga nesifo semasisi. Isigulane esinye nesigxina singumsebenzi wezonyango owathatha unyango. Kwisizwe "sencwadana yegciwane" njengesiFransi, iJamani, iBelgium, iRiphabhliki yaseCzech kunye nabanye. Isifo siyaqhubeka sisasazeka.

Ukuqhambuka eRashiya

Ingqungquthela yesifo semasisi eRashiya yaqala ngokusemthethweni ngo-2017 kuphela. Kwikota yokuqala, ukukhula kwesiganeko kwandisa kathathu. Iziganeko ezingamashumi amane nantathu zesifo sele sele zibhaliswe, isiqingatha sazo kubantwana.

Ininzi yezigulane ziseDagestan, indawo yesibini ihlala eMoscow nakummandla waseMoscow, ngoko kwiindawo zaseRostov naseSverdlovsk, kunye nakwiNorth Ossetia. Apha kwakukho ukugqabhuka okukhulu kakhulu kokungcola. Kwiimimandla eseleyo, kwimeko eyodwa kuphela yeesisisi eyenzeka ngoku. I-World Health Organisation ibika ukuba zonke iziganeko zentsholongwane zazingabantu abadala nabantwana.

Iimpawu, iingxaki kunye neendlela zokuhambisa

Ingqungquthela yesifo se-measles iqala ukungaqondakali, ekubeni ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwesi sifo li malunga neveki ezimbini. Oku kunzima ukukhangela abantu abanxibelelwano kunye nesimo sabo sokubonwa kwemibandela.

Emva kweentsuku eziyi-10-12 emva kokusuleleka, ukushisa kuphakama (ukuya kumanani afanayo - 38-39 degrees) kwizigulane, i-rhinitis, ukukhwehlela, i-conjunctivitis iqala. Abazali bakholelwa ukuba umntwana unomkhuhlane okanye i-ARI, kwaye akukho mntu unokuqiqa ukujonga i-memcane yomlomo. Kukho apho iindawo ezibonakaliswe kumasisi - i-Belsky-Filatova-Koplika - zimhlophe kwaye zikwindawo yangaphakathi yesitye (ngokubhekiselele kumazinyo aphezulu) okanye kwintlungu.

Emva kweentsuku ezintathu ukuya ezintlanu, ukukhawuleza kuqala ukubonakala kwesikhumba somntwana. Incinci, ibomvu, ikhona kwimvelaphi engatshintshi yesikhumba. Iqala ukuthulula ebusweni nasentanyeni, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukugqithisa kwehla. Ngokomyinge, iinqwelo zidlulileyo ukusuka ezintlanu ukuya kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe. Emva koko badlula ngaphandle kokushiya umkhondo.

Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zesifo zikhula kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abadala. Phakathi kwawo kuphumelela:
- Ukuvuvukala kwamagama kunye nencoko yengqondo;
- ngokukhawuleza;
- Ukudaka amanzi emzimbeni kunye nesifo se-stool;
- I-pneumonia yentsholongwane.

Isifo se-measles sisasazwa ngamaconsi okanye i-close contact. Isigulane siyasasazeka iintsuku ezi-4 ngaphambi kokubonakala kweemvula kunye neentsuku ezingaphezulu ezine emva kokuphela kweendawo zokugqibela.

Unyango lwemasisi

Ingqungquthela yesifo se-measles iye yasasazeka kakhulu ngenxa yokuba akukho nonyango oluthile lwesifo. Iingcaphephe zincoma ukusebenzisa amaninzi amaninzi, ziphephe ukungcolisa kunye nokukhanya okubonakalayo. Ukutyunjwa koogqirha okuseleyo kuncike kwiimpawu ezikhoyo kunye neengxaki ezikhoyo.

Abantu abadala ukukhusela izifo kunye neengxaki zayo kunconywa ukuba bathathe amanani amakhulu e-vitamin A. Kubantwana, ukugonywa kuyisisombululo esihle kakhulu kwisifo! Ngokwekhalenda yokugonywa, ugonyo lwenziwe ngamanyathelo amabini:
- i-dose yokuqala kwiinyanga ezili-12;
- i-dose yesibini-kwiminyaka engama-6.

Ukugonywa kumasisi

Ubhubhane be-measles kungenzeka ukuba aluzange kwenzeke ukuba ngaba abazali babenemfanelo kwaye abazange banqatshelwe ukugonywa kwabantwana ngurhulumente. Ewe, ngoku kukho izinto ezininzi ezingabonakaliyo malunga nomgangatho kunye neenzuzo zokugonywa kwabantu, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuba ezininzi izifo zentsholongwane zakwazi ukuphumelela kuphela ngokugonywa.

Kukho ukuchasana kwamanyathelo okugonya:

- ubukho be-allergy ukuya kwi-whey kunye ne-vaccine esikhathini esidlulileyo;
- Ukuvuvukala okunzulu, okuhambelana nokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa ngaphezulu kwe-38.5;
- ukunciphisa umzimba, isifo sokuzimela, ukusebenzisa i-corticosteroids okanye i-cytostatics;
- ukuhluthwa (ukukhathazeka kuphela ngegciwane le-pertussis);
- Ukukhulelwa.

Ngaphambi kokugonywa, xelela ugqirha ukuba umntwana ugula kangakanani ixesha lokugqibela, ukuba unayo nayiphi na imithi kumayeza, ukutya okanye iigonyi, indlela yokugonywa kwangaphambili. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ugqirha phambi kwezifo ezingapheliyo kumntwana, umzekelo, isifo sikashukela okanye i-asthma ye-bronchial.

Ngaba isifo se-measle eYurophu? Impendulo, ewe, ayikho. Kwaye sele sele iqalile ukuvuselela ukwesaba abasebenzi bezempilo. Kwixesha elizayo elizayo, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo amanyathelo okuthintela ukusasazeka kwesifo.