Iilinganiselo lomculo: Amagama iintlobo. Le kucola umculo

Wonke umntu, ofunda umculo kwaye ihlala isifundo of notation emculweni kunye solfege. Kwaye enye into esisiseko ubungakanani somculo. Okulandelayo iya kuqwalaselwa ntlobo zazo ziphambili, iindlela ngokuzimisela kwaye ezinye indibanisela kakhulu.

Ingcamango imitha zomculo

Ngaphambi ngokunika inkcaza yintoni na ixesha utyikityo, kufuneka ukuba babe nofifi malunga ingqiqo, ngokuba imitha zomculo.

Kukholelwa ukuba zonke umculo isekelwe phezu ekuthiwa-yama- - alternation share ngokulinganayo ixesha apho unokuba namandla kunye ababuthathaka. share obomeleleyo usoloko kwindawo yokuqala ingaz'ukuchukunyiswa. Kodwa asimele ukubhidanisa xa ibetha ngamandla ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ezifana kukhetho evumela wabetha buthathaka.

Xa umculo wanamhla, ngokufuthi zingafunyanwa iimitha, ezibandakanya isithinzi amabini okanye amathathu. Ngamazwi alula imitha bilobate ibandakanya eyomeleleyo kunye nesingqi buthathaka (elinye anesibini) kunye imitha kathathu - eyomeleleyo kunye ezimbini buthathaka (inye, zimbini, zintathu). Ngaloo ndlela, imitha musical ingachazwa inkqubo ukubalwa alternations okanye njengoko uhlobo grid okwethutyana kunye kulandelelwano elikhankanyiweyo kwizabelo zawo.

Iintlobo izabelo emaXhoseni zabo

Ukuqonda oko ixesha Utyikityo, akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ulwazi share eziphilayo. Njengokuba kuthiwe, bona kwimeko elula azizahlulo lwamandla nobuthathaka.

Noko ke, abanye bathi, bathi, kodwa yintoni na ubukhulu lixhaphakileyo 4/4? Xa umculo, kukholelwa ukuba nesabelo yokuqala kuwo lunamandla, yesibini neyesine - ndibuthathaka, kodwa sesithathu - noko amandla. ubukhulu ngokwayo imbaxa, kuba iqulathe etsala ezimbini. Kodwa oku kuya kuxoxwa ngokwahlukeneyo.

Le kucola umculo

Ngoku amagama ambalwa malunga intsingiselo ubuchule. Ngamagama alula, ngokwesingqi somculo - sisixa isandi ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelinye downbeat.

Akunamsebenzi nokuba kangakanani bekutshiwo ngexesha utyikityo lezabelo zizonke, kumjikelo ekhona enye kuphela downbeat kunye naliphi na inani anokunceda kunye nobuthathaka. Akhawunti kumjikelo njalo iqala ngo "ixesha." Kuxhomekeke kubungakanani, inani oya kuthathwa njenge "amaxesha-mbini" ( "one-mbini-ntathu"), "enye-and-ezimbini-i" ( "time-and-emibini-tri-i"), njl . d.

Ixesha Utyikityo umculo: iintlobo eziphambili

Ekugqibeleni, sibheka kuzo ingqikelelo ubukhulu. Amacala lomculo ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa wokwamanani imitha ibinzana ebonisa ixesha isalamane kwaye wabelane imali yabo iyonke kumjikelo omnye.

Kutheni sisebenzisa ingqikelelo ngexesha isalamane? Kodwa ngenxa yokuba isabelo enokwaphulwa phantsi zibe kumacandelo, oko akuthethi ukunika imitha somculo. Umzekelo, iileta 4/4 emculweni, ebizimisele Latin «C», ubonelela omnye kumjikelo equlathe ikota amanqaku ezine mali.

Kodwa phawula ngasinye kwikota kwakhona zimelwa khona njenge lwendibaniso eighths, sixteenths, wamashumi amathathu anesibini ka-okanye-yesine amathandathu amanqaku! Njani baya kuba kudityaniswe enye kwenye, ugqiba ukuba umqambi ngokwakhe. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukuba bawadibanise ayidluli ixesha lilonke yesandi ehambelana kwiikota ezine. Kambe ke nantsi eyona iziseko nokubhala zomculo.

Ke zona iintlobo eziphambili, ixesha utyikityo somculo zahlulwe zibe alula nanzima. nobukhulu zobunewu ziquka kwakhona kudidi ogalelwe, ubukhulu non-macala, yaye ezingalinganiyo.

Simple ixesha Amaqoqo

Ngokusekelwe nokuqonda imitha, unako ukuchaza dimensions umculo kuthiwa nje. Ukuba bahlule bilobate ne-ntathu. Kwimeko yokuqala, ukuphindaphindwa kwisabelo eyomeleleyo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa obuthathaka, kunye yesibini - ezimbini.

Ubukhulu ziqhelekileyo ziyaqwalaselwa bilobate 2/8, 2/4 kunye 2/2 (2/2 ubungakanani umculo, kwakunye 2/8, inqabile kakhulu yaye kuqwalaselwa kuphela njengenxalenye ulwazi theoretical component). Kweemitha izithathu, ezi 3/4, 3/8 kunye 3/2. Kwakhona, imilinganiso ka 3/2 okanye 3/8 na asetyenziswa, kwaye ubukhulu "-quarter ezintathu" yeyona ixhaphake kakhulu (umz, isetyenziselwa phantse yonke waltz).

Amaqoqo time Complex

Ubukhulu Complex kwimeko kwecacileyo, kufuneka iqondwe njengoko komdibaniso ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezilula. Kulo mzekelo, oko isingqi wokuqala icala lokuqala womelele, kwaye ngathi nesabelo elinqatyisiweyo yesibini ihambisa ngokuzenzekelayo kudidi enamandla kakhulu.

Ubukhulu ezinzima elula uyaqonda ubungakanani efana 4/4, 4/2, 6/4, 6/2, 6/8, 12/8, 8/4, 8/8. Njengoko ubona, ezi ubukhulu inokuthelekiseka nabanye, umzekelo, 8/8 - yinto enye nje 4/4.

Mixed yaye azilingani lotyikityo ixesha

Enye into - ubukhulu mixed. Xa umculo, i emihlanu osetyenziswe, ezisixhenxe, Nineve kunye odinnadtsatidolnye udibaniso. Kwaye ke ukulandelelana ngamaqhezu, ngokulandelelana, engafani ngokupheleleyo. Cinga, umzekelo 5/4.

Xa ngokudala le ubukhulu usebenzisa izinto ezilula: 2/4 no 3/4. Kodwa kudityaniswa ibe kwifomu kunye "3 + 2" kunye "3 + 2". Ngoko ke, kukho lisisiqalo kwi isingqi olomeleleyo.

Kakhulu, mhlawumbi, i zililo eqaqambileyo yaye wayesaziwa kakuhle ebhaliweyo kule ubungakanani ngokudibanisa "3 + 2" ukuze kuthiwe "bendlela Marii Magdaliny" ukusuka opera iliwa Endryu Lloyda Webber kaThixo "Iisus Hristos - Superstar".

Ke ezinye imilinganiselo, apho ukuhlanganiswa kunokuba ibe ngaphezulu. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ixesha 7/8 utyikityo kusenokuquka ulandelelwano "2 + 2 + 3", "2 + 3 + 2" okanye "3 + 2 + 2". Xa zobukhulu Nineve kunye odinnadtsatidolnyh yokwahluka, ngokulandelelana, ngaphezulu. Kodwa xa uthe wenza umculo kunye nokusetyenziswa ubukhulu enjalo kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba umphulaphuli avareji Akukuva oku lwengoma ibonwa nzima, kwaye ke ayikwazi wonke.

Nangona, ukuba ukhangela bands zidlala zoke metal, ukuba ukumelana nayo nje entle, yaye ngokufuthi zidibene riffs 'nasemiqhokrweni yeengxondorha "ezilula eqhelekileyo zebanga ezintsonkothileyo.

Umzekelo, eli qela linye Xentrix yimpumelelo kakhulu inkangeleko enye 3/4 kunye ezintathu eighths share kunye 7/8 nganye, maxa wambi ukudibanisa 9/8. Ngokwendalo, umphulaphuli olungalungiselelwanga ukuze ukufumanisa ubukhulu indlebe ukususela kwixesha lokuqala akuyi kuba lula, kodwa kuvakala kakhulu, umdla kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, kukho ezaziwa uhlobo.

Amaqoqo time eliguqukayo

Olu hlobo zobukhulu kumculo zinqabile kakhulu, kwaye ubukhulu becala kwi intsomi zomculo yesizwe. Bulgarian Folk Songs - umzekelo ocacileyo.

kanye Ingcamango eli gama ibonisa kuphela ukuthi ukwakheka isayizi isiseko kunokuhluka izihlandlo eziliqela, umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa imilinganiselo azilingani eqhelekileyo ezininzi ezimbaxa kunye eziliqela.

Iindlela kujongwa umthamo

Ekumiseleni ubungakanani kumphulaphuli uxhomekeke kuphela indlebe yakhe ukuva isingqi. Indlela kuphela qonda kuvakala downbeat, kufuneka ukusuka apho ukwenza uqalo.

Nakuba kunjalo, phantse zonke izikolo umculo abafundi zoqeqesho izifundo indlebe wasebenzisa ubuchule ekhethekileyo yokuqhuba. Umzekelo, 4/4 inikwa njengoko aphakamise isandla phantsi kuqala, uze emva koko - ekhohlo, ngoko - kwakhona ekunene kwaye phezulu (njenge degrees 45).

Kwiikota ezintathu - njengokutshayelwa phantsi, ekunene, phezulu. eighths Six - izandla phantsi, ekhohlo, ekunene, ngoko phezulu, kwaye uphawu ezimbini top right ebonwayo (okanye zidityaniswe). Noko ke, ekuqaleni, ekugqibeni imilinganiso bokuphulaphula nokubhala ootitshala dictations kukukhulisa abafundi ingqiqo isingqisho, ayikhuphi ngabom nesingqi olomeleleyo Kwisingqinisiso ngasinye. Yile ndlela ivumela ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu elizayo iya kuba nako ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba hlobo yayo nayiphi na lobukhulu (nokuba ukuthatha alternation yabo ingqalelo) ngokuzimeleyo ngaphandle isicinezelo okanye amacebiso.

isiphelo

Ukuba ukrwele umgca, ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukuba ubungakanani umculo ngokusondeleyo kakhulu kunxulunyaniswa kunye nokuqonda umculo manzi, isabelo nemivalo. Ngoko ke, ukuze bafunde ukuba sichaze ukuba yintoni kanye isici isandi nawuphi na umsebenzi zomculo, ngaphandle iziseko lokufunda nokubhala zomculo kunye noqeqesho indlebe azohlukaniswa kangakanani ngokucacileyo.

Noko ke, abafundi abaninzi, ubuncinane ekuqaleni, uqeqesho indlebe, makayixhome ngokuzolileyo, musa nje, ucinga ukuba ayiyomfuneko kwaye kunzima ukuyiqonda. Noko ke, yena kanye isiseko olunika emhlabeni otyebileyo ukuze kwakhiwe umntu mvumi kwelona nqanaba liphezulu yobungcali. Ngapha koko, nkqu Richi Blekmor, guitarist adumileyo yehlabathi, owayedlala kumaqela ezaziwayo-kakuhle angenjenjalo Deep Purple kunye matilo, ngelithi ukuba isantya intshukumo iminwe fingerboard - ayikho enye indlela. Ngaphandle ulwazi kunye izimiso yamandulo umculo ukuze abe wobungcali nqanaba liphezulu nje akunakwenzeka.

Ukuze abaculi abo basandula kuqalisa nga mabacetyiswe ukuba nomonde nokuzingisa ukuze bafunde ezi zifundo kakuhle. Kwimfundo umculo, ukuba ndithe ndithi kunjalo, kube - njengoko "Bawo wethu."