Ifowuni yeSatellite "Iridium", "iTraya": iinkcukacha kunye nokuhlaziywa

Ukuphunyezwa kwengcamango yokudala amanxibelelwano enxibelelwano olwenzela umntu unika uxhaso lweenkonzo ezininzi phantsi kwesiqubulo esithi "naphi na, nayiphi na ixesha" ngeenombolo zomntu omnye womthengi. Umsebenzi uqhutyelwa ngokubambisana kwehlabathi jikelele kunye noonxibelelwano olukhoyo kunye nolusiseko lwezonxibelelwano ezisemgangathweni, ezisemhlabeni kunye nokuthunyelwa nge-satellites, ukuveliswa kwee-terminals ezikhethekileyo eziqinisekisa ukudibanisa imigangatho yokunxibelelana kunye neenkqubo. Njengengxenye yale ntsebenziswano, ifowuni ye-satellite ihlala kwindawo ekhethekileyo, kuba inika indawo yokubhengeza umhlaba jikelele.

Ukuqhagamshelana nesithuba

Ekuqondeni abantu abaninzi, ukuhanjiswa kwe-satellites yinto engaqhelekanga evela kwinqanaba leefilimu zeJames Bond. Enyanisweni, kukho izigidi zabantu emhlabeni ofuna i-fowuni yeselula yeeyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, iintsuku ezingama-365 ngonyaka, naphi na kwihlabathi. Njengomthetho, ababhalisi beenkampani ezininzi ezibonelela ngeendawo zokunxibelelana ngabantu abashishini, abaqeshwa abakhulu beenkampani ezinkulu, izakhiwo zaseburhulumenteni, izazi ze-geologists, abaphandi, abahambahambayo, kunye nabantu abaqhelekanga abahlala kwiindawo ezikude.

Iinkqubo zokunxibelelana nge-satellite (SPSS)

Ukususela ngo-1985, i-International Telecommunication Union iye yahlakulela ingcamango yokubambisana kwehlabathi kunye kunye nokwenza uxoxiso lwenxibelelwano kwihlabathi lonke. Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, eBuenos Aires, kubanjwe ingqungquthela yomhlaba wonke obalaseleyo, apho ixabiso kunye nemigqaliselo yeziseko zengcaciso yehlabathi jikelele yavunywa. Iqulethwe kwinkqubo enye edibeneyo ebizwa ngokuba "nomnxeba womntu siqu-uxhulumaniso lwe-satellites-uxhulumaniso lomhlaba".

Ukuxazulula iingxaki zehlabathi jikelele kunye noluntu olunxibelelwano, iinkqubo ze-SPS zimela isisombululo esisisisiseko sezoqoqosho sokufikelela kwiindawo ezikude, ezikude kunye neendawo ezinabantu abaninzi.

Imisebenzi ephambili yale projekthi

• Ukudityaniswa kwemibutho yonxibelelwano-ukunikezelwa kweenkonzo zonxibelelwano kungakhathaliseki ukuba indawo yomsebenzisi.
• Ukwenziwa komntu wonxibelelwano - ukuzisa iinkonzo kubasebenzisi bokugqibela abafuna ukufumana iinkonzo.
• Ukuphela komntu (ifowuni yesatellite, izixhobo zokudlulisa idatha) - abasebenzisi banendlela yokunxibelelana nenani lomntu.
• Ukusetyenziswa jikelele ngeenkonzo zabasebenzisi ngabanye.
• Inkonzo yabucala - kumaqela athile abasebenzisi.

Ukwahlula iinkqubo zonxibelelwano

Kukho iinkqubo zokunxibelelana kwezantya ezisezantsi.

• Isantya esiphantsi : Iridium, Globalstar, ICO, Odyssey, "Uphawu", ECCO, "Rostele-sat", uEllipse, u-Archimedes, "i-Polar Star" nabanye. Uludwe lweenkonzo ezibonelelwe: i-telephony, ifeksi, ukuhanjiswa kwedatha. Okwangoku, ukuhanjiswa kwejubane eliphezulu kweenkcukacha kuyafumaneka. Umzekelo, ifowuni yesimanje ye-"Iridium" inikezela ngezwi elikhuselekileyo kunye nokuxhumeka kwenethiwekhi.
• Isantya esiphezulu : Celestri, Spaceway, Skybridge, Teledesic, iiSom kunye nabanye. Baxhomekeke kwiinkonzo zokusebenzisana kwehlabathi jikelele ezifana nokufikelela kwi-intanethi ngokukhawuleza, abasebenzisi abade kude nokufikelela kwiinkcukacha zolwazi, i-telephony yevidiyo ephakamileyo kunye nokunxibelelana kwenkomfa, iinkonzo ze-multimedia ezixhomekeke kwiinguqu ezihlukeneyo zokupheliswa kwee-terminals, eziquka eziphambili, ezijoliswe kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zabasebenzisi bomntu.

Iprojekthi "Iridium"

Emuva ngo-1987, ixesha elide ngaphambi kweNgqungquthela yehlabathi ye-ITU, i-Motorola yakha iprojekthi yokuxhaswa kwehlabathi jikelele, ekhoyo ngeeholide, naphi na emhlabeni. Le projekthi yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Iridium. Ekuqaleni, kwacetywa ukubeka i-77craftcraft (SC) kwiindawo eziphantsi, kodwa emva kokuqalwa kwamanani ama-satellites kuncitshiswa ukuya kuma-66.

Ukufeza umsebenzi weprojekthi ngo-1993, i-consortium ye-Iridium Inc (iWashington) yasungulwa. Isakhiwo ngamalungelo abatyali-mali aquka iinkampani: Motorola, Lockheed Martin, Nippon, Raytheon, Sprint Corp. Kwaye nabanye abameli abanye. Ngecala laseRashiya, utyalomali (iiligidi ezingama-82 ezigidi, ama-5% ezabelo) yiyona nkampani ehamba phambili ye-rocket kunye ne-Russia, i- GKNPTS im. Khrunichev. Wenza isivumelwano kunye ne-Motorola ukuqalisa i-Iridium spacecraft ne-PH Proton. Ifowuni yokuqala ngefowuni ye-satellite yenziwe ngehlobo le-1997.

Ukubola nokuzalwa kwakhona

Iqela eliphambili lama-satellites laqaliswa ngo-1997-98, kwaye ukuqala kokusebenza kworhwebo kuthethwa ngoSeptemba 23, 1998. Nangona kunjalo, ukuhaha (iintlawulo eziphezulu ezingenangqiqo) zabaphathi emva konyaka kubakhokelela ekubanjweni kweprojekthi. Ngaphambi kokuba inkampani "i-Motorola" iphakame umbuzo malunga nokurhoxiswa kwimizila yeesatelliti, ezifuna iidola ezingama-40.

Ngethamsanqa, bekukho abatyalo-mali abaye bakholelwa ekusebenzeni kweprojekthi. Eyasungulwa ngo-2000, i-Iridium Satellite LLC ibuyele i-asethi yezigidi ezingama-25, kwaye, emva kokufumana amagosa avela kwiSebe lezoKhuseleko lase-United States, iphinda iqalise ukusebenza kwezorhwebo kwinkqubo yehlabathi. Ngo-2009, kwakulindeleke kwakhona ukulungiswa kwakhona - umsebenzisi wokugqibela ngu-Iridium Communications Inc.

Urhulumente wangoku

Ngoku "i-Iridium" yiprojekthi ephumelelayo kunye nesiseko sabathengi abangaphezu kwesiqingatha sezigidi zabathengi. Phakathi kwabo - amanani amaninzi kunomhlaba, iinkokeli zamafemu amakhulu, iinkonzo zikaRhulumente zamazwe ahlukeneyo, abasebenzi bezothutho, ukwakhiwa, iinkampani zemizi-mveliso, iinkonzo zongxamiseko kunye nezinye iindidi. Ngokomgaqo, ifowuni ye-satellite "Iridium" kunye neeseti zeenkonzo zingathengwa ngabantu bonke.

Izixhobo

I-Iridium Communications ngokwayo ivelisa ezininzi zezixhobo zokudluliselwa kwedatha ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuthetha ngezwi. Kuba abathengi bafumaneka njengento "engabizi", kunye neefowuni ze-satellites eziphathekayo, ezenziwe kwimeko ekhuselekile. Izona zizithandwa kakhulu yi-Iridium 9505A, 9555 kunye ne-Extreme (9575). Ukufikelela kwe-intanethi kunikezelwa ngamamodeli 9522A, 9522B kunye ne-9602, kunye nokutshintshisiswa kwedatha ngokuzenzekelayo kweeklasi zeM2M - izixhobo ze-Iridium 9601 ne-9602.

Ukugcina izixhobo zamandla zixhotywe ngemiboniso ye-monochrome. Iifowuni zinomgangatho okhuselekileyo wokukhusela iimpembelelo, ukunyusa, uthuli, ukuguquka kweqondo lokushisa. Imodeli yakutshanje yi-Iridium ye-Iridium Extreme (9575). Esi sixhobo esilungeleleneyo ngokuthelekiswa nabasandulelayo nabasemagunyeni. Ifowuni isebenza naphi na apha eMhlabeni kwaye inikezela ngelizwi, idatha nedatha ye-GPS. I-Iridium 9575 idibanisa imisebenzi yefayili ye-satellite Iridium 9555 kunye ne-satellite GPS tracker Shout Nano. Imodeli inezinto ezilandelayo:

• Ukukhuselwa kokungcola, ukugungqiswa, ukuthuthumela, amanzi (IP65, MIL-STD 810F).
• I-GPS-navigator eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
• Inkinobho ye SOS ehleliweyo.
• Ukwakhiwa kwetoni ye-radio, ekuncedeni ukukhangela elwandle.

Iintlobo zeenkonzo

Inkqubo ye Iridium inikezela ababhalisile ngeenkonzo ezilandelayo:

• Unxibelelwano lwentetho. Kwi-encoder yentetho, i-algorithm eneenkcukacha eziqhelekileyo ze-VSELP (isicatshulwa-somali esicatshulwa ngokulandelelana komgca) sisetyenziswa. Isantya sokudluliswa kwezwi ngu 2.4 kbps. Ubungakanani beentetho zemizuzu engama-30. (Ngaphandle kokuphazamisa unxibelelwano) kuya kunikwa ithuba lokuba u-98%.
• Ukudluliselwa kwedatha. Ukudluliselwa ngokugqithisileyo kunye nobude bomyalezo oguqukileyo kwenziwa. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba uthumele imiyalezo emifutshane ecacisa indawo kunye nesimo sombhalisi.
• Imiyalezo yeFosimile . Isiphelo sikwazi ukufumana nokugcina imiyalezo kwimemori, umthengi wabo unokujonga ngokuskrola umyalezo kwisikrini sokubonisa.
• Umngeni ngamnye.
• Misela indawo.

Iprojekthi yeThuraya

Ngokungafani nenethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke "Iridium", "iToura" yiprojekthi yesithili, esebenza ikakhulukazi eYurophu. Ukuba i-Motorola kunye namaqabane ayo aqalise ama-satellites angama-66, iphrojekthi yaseYurophu inelisekile ezintathu, imisiwe kwiindawo zokuhlala. Nangona kunjalo, ifowuni ye-satellite exhunywe kwi-Thuraya system (ukusuka ku-Arabia constellation ye-Pleiades) iya kukwazi ukufumana / ukuthumela iifowuni e-Australia, e-Afrika kunye nase-Central Asia. Ukuphumeza uxhumano lwe-Intanethi, i-brand eyahlukeneyo yenziwa - iTrayaDSL.

Izibalo

Inkampani ebhaliswe kwi-UAE iqhuba ishishini elinenzuzo. Ngaba isiseko sabathengi singena kubathengi abangama-300 000, imali engenayo kuphela ngo-2006 idlulileyo i-$ 80 yezigidi. Ukuthelekisa: 2005 inkampani yagqiba nge-balance balance of $ 26 yezigidi.

Izixhobo

Ukuba uthelekisa izixhobo "i-Iridium" kunye ne "Thuraya", umzekelo, iifowuni ze-satellite, iifoto zibonisa ngokucacileyo ukungafani kwazo zangaphandle kunye nokusebenza. Iinqununu ezininzi zeThura zixhotyiswe nge-antenna (compactable antennas), ngelixa umgangatho wesigxina ungaphezu kwesigxina kwintsimi ehlanganiswe nge-satellite (oku kuphawuliwe kumanqaku okujonga).

Ngaphandle, ifowuni ye-satellite "I-Thuraya" ifana ne "handsets" ephakathi kwe-2000: encinci ngokuthelekisana nabathengisi bomzimba, umbala wemibala, ukucwangciswa kwamanqaku angaphezulu nangaphantsi kwexesha. Kule meko, izixhobo zinesiqinisekiso sokukhuselwa. Kodwa, ngokubaluleke kakhulu, izixhobo zixhotyiswe nge-GSM-modyuli, oko kukuthi, kwindawo yokuxhamla yokunxibelelana kwamaselula, kunye nababoneleli ngeenkonzo apho inkampani yeArabhu ingene kwisivumelwano, ifowuni isebenza njengefowuni rhoqo. Ukuba akukho nxu lumano lwe-GSM, ixhuma ngokuzenzekelayo kuma-satellites.

Ukusebenza komsebenzisi kwezixhobo kufana neefowuni eziqhelekileyo: amamenyu asebenzisekayo, imidlalo yeJava kunye nezicelo, ukudluliswa kwedatha, ukusetyenziswa kwe-USB. Ukusuka kwimisebenzi "yabantu abadala" - inkqubo ephezulu ye-GPS.

I-Thuraya XT Ifowuni ye-Satellite

Yiyo i-flagship yenkampani ethi "Tbulala", eyaba ngowokuqala phakathi kokufana nokukhuselwa okwenziwe ngothuli, izinto ezinobungozi kunye nokunyumba, iklasi IP54 / IK03. Icandelo lokuxhatshazwa kwezinto ze-polycarbonate, njengoko kuphawuliwe kwiimviwo, zixhomekeke ezinxantwini ezinzima kunye nokunyakaza. Ukuxhathisa okongeziweyo kwimihlaba enobudlova kunikezwa iibhasiki zeerubet kunye ne-aluminium.

Iinkcukacha:

• Umboniso wombala wama-262000K amanyathelo ama-2 intshi kwaye unesisombululo sama-pixels angama-176x220.
• Ukuthunyelwa kweefeksi kunye nedatha kunokwenzeka zombini nge-channel ye-dial-up (isivinini esiphantsi, ngomyalelo we-9.6 kbps), kunye ne-GmPRS (ukubuya-15 kbps, ukufumana-ukuya kwi-kbps ezingama-60).
• Qinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa kwe-GPS kunye nokufunda okulishumi okugqibela.
• I-USB, umxhasi oqhelekileyo wee-headphones (3.5 mm), isisindo sokukhanya.
• Iziganeko ze-SAT: "isibhakabhaka / umhlaba" - 1525/1559 MHz, "umhlaba / isibhakabhaka" - 1626.5 / 1660.5 MHz.
• Ubukhulu (ububanzi / ukuphakama / ubukhulu): 53/128 / 26.5 mm. Ubunzima - 193 g.

Iinkonzo

• Ukunxibelelana ngezwi kunye neSMS ngeefowuni ze-satellite.
• I-facsimile ne-intanethi ngeefowuni.
• I-ThurayaIP ikuvumela ukuba udlulise idatha kwisantya se-444 kbit / s kwisigxina esikhethekileyo.
• Ukuqulunqwa kwe-GPS.
• Uncedo lweefowuni oluphuthumayo .
• I-imeyile yezwi, i- WAP, iifowuni ezingabanjwanga, ukulinda umnxeba, ukubiza kwakhona, iindaba kunye nezinye iinkonzo.

Isiphelo

Iinkampani "i-Iridium" kunye ne "Thuraya" ekuboneleleni ngeenkonzo ezinxibelelwano ze-satellites ezibonakalayo ezingafaniyo zinomxholo ohluke ngokupheleleyo kunye nemisebenzi yazo. Ukuba i-North American iphrojekthi ibandakanyekayo iqela leesethikethi, kubandakanyeka amaqabane ase-Arab asebenza ezintathu kwiindawo zokuhlala. Inzuzo engathandabuzekiyo ye Iridium ayinakuphazamiseka ukunxibelelana emhlabeni wonke, kunye nekhadi likaThura lamacwecwe anamhlanje kwaye afanelekileyo anakho ukusebenza kwiinkonzo ze-GSM.