Icon ye Our Lady of Georgia: inkcazelo, imbali kunye nomthandazo. Temple of the Georgian nguMama kaThixo

AmaKristu Orthodox kudala ayeze uYesu nje kuphela, kodwa nguMama kaThixo. sengqondo abaziphethe kuyo lubonakaliswa kwi icon amakhulu asixhenxe abamele ukumkanikazi wezulu njengamntu mnye, kunye noNyana kaThixo. Nditsho nebandla kakhulu yokuqala eRashiya, bamiselwa ngo-996, igama lakhe imbeko Virgin. A lot of neengoma, imithandazo, ukuya Malibongwe Virgin Mary Wajika, zalisa iintliziyo ngezibele ithemba, kwaye kwewaka lesibini unika abantu usindiso, kuphiliswa, nolonwabo ayikho i icon ngokungummangaliso nguMama kaThixo. EGeorgia kungekho ngaphandle. On iimpawu zayo amangalisayo kwaye kuya kuxoxwa ngazo kamva.

Indima icon kwi Church Orthodox

Ngokwembono abefundisi zeCawa Orthodox, i icon luhlobo ibhulorho phakathi emhlabeni kunye imihlaba kaThixo. Uluvo engundoqo yonqulo phambi imifanekiso kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba imbeko kunye umthandazo baphathwa kumfanekiso, kunye nequmrhu ababameleyo.

Qonda i icon kuphela umntu kakhulu inkolo, mna ningathandabuzi ubunyani likaThixo nendalo yakhe nanto. UThixo wanika abantwana bakhe amandla ngenxa ngqondweni, nto leyo evumela ukuba kumela ukuba akunakwenzeka ukubona yonke umzuzu kunye iyure yonke. Ke kulula ukuba libhekisela njengengcwele, ukuba umfanekiso phambi kwamehlo akhe, yaye isimo sakhe ukhumbula ukubaluleka kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Zeziphi ii icon ye nguMama kaThixo

Yonke imifanekiso Virgin, ebhaliweyo ngexesha ukunduluka ubuKristu kwihlabathi jikelele, kunokwenzeka ukuba yokuqamba zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela. Enye yee icon ithandwayo Orthodox i icon ye Lady Lwethu eGeorgia.

Hodigitria (Putevoditelnitsa)

Thina kuqwalaselwa icon ibhekisa kolu hlobo. Ngokukodwa kwakhiwa umfanekiso apho nguMama kaThixo mnye amanqaku ngesandla kuNyana, uthetha malunga ne umendo ukuba abantu umiselwe ukuya yokuhlambulula imiphefumlo yawo. Apha Virgin Mary umi phambi kwethu nje conduit kuThixo. Kukholelwa ukuba i icon yokuqala lwalupayintiwe yi uMpostile uLuka ngale ndlela.

Eleusa (Ukuthantamisa)

Imifanekiso ye Virgin, uKristu Child gona nokufumana iingalo zakhe uhlobo icon, eyaziwa ngokuba "uvakalelo". uthando Endless, njengoko kuboniswa kule mifanekiso kubonakala, umzekelo, kwi Vladimir Icon.

Agiosoritissa (nguMlamli)

Icon ye Our Lady of Georgia zahluke kakhulu kwezo isicelo hlobo "Patroness". On umfanekiso enjalo Ntombi ivela yedwa. Yena uboniswa ngokupheleleyo-ubude, zandiswa kancinane ukuya ekunene. Umqulu isandla ingaboniswa.

Oranta (Sign)

Uhlobo lwesine lwe icon ebonisa Virgin Mary, sithi "lithamsanqa". Apha ukumkanikazi wezulu, ephethe umntwana eNgcwele (achazwa kwisangqa phakathi webele sikanina) entliziyweni yakhe kwaye baphakamise izandla zakhe ezulwini, liluphawu umthandazo ngenxa lonke uluntu.

Pantanassa (Vsetsaritsa)

Kwi icon olu hlobo etroneni apho intombi le iya phantsi, ubambe izandla umntwana uYesu, imela ubuqaqawuli nguMama kaThixo, esasaza zombini emhlabeni kwaye esibhakabhakeni.

Iimpawu zokubhala Georgian nguMama kaThixo

Xa phambi kwethu i icon ibhanti nguMama Georgian kaThixo, sinako ukuchonga iimpawu njengokubhala kwalo. Yonke imifanekiso zibekwe kwetyeya icon (umngxuma embindini nebhodi), babe ngabantu inxalenye enkulu kuwo, wakha ngathi unxantathu, kukho icala elide apho iwela ukuthambeka yentloko Onyulu kwicala Umntwana kaThixo. usana High uphakamisa isandla sakhe sokunene ngeentsikelelo noMama kwabantu bonke. Skrolela, leyo uNyana kaThixo ibamba ngesandla sakhe sasekhohlo, Libonakalisa iTestamente Endala, nto leyo iya kukhatshwa nguMsindisi. Umlenze wasekunene kaKristu ingabekwa ekhohlo wambona kweentende nqunu.

Iyintombi, okuboniswe frontally, wajika intloko yakhe kancinane unyana phantsi baza baqubuda kuye, ukuxhasa isandla sakhe sasekhohlo. Kobuso benkwenkwe mfana kwakhona ngqo kuMama, endimbambe ngesandla sokunene, ukuba umthetho kaYesu, imela ukuba amakholwa indlela yosindiso. Eyona ekhethekileyo ukuyihlonipha Zinjalo nendlela imifanekiso ingubo, iwe phantsi kwintloko nguMama kaThixo, khon 'ukuze libe zizibaya zempahla amagqabi entsimini yombono kwi nencum kwindawo elingunxantathu ingubo kunye ekapa oluhlaza enezinto macala ze umbala owahlukileyo.

Abo ihlala ecaweni, i icon ye Our Lady of yesiGeorgia zibonwa ikakhulu ngokobungakanani ezinkulu. Temple yomfanekiso lavunyelwa ukuba sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha.

icon nini kwaye ngaye uthinjwe

Abbas Mirza, eyaziwa ngcono imbali Shah Abbas weza etroneni Iran ngenkulungwane ye-16 emva kwexesha. Kukho banentsomi yokuba ngomhla wokuzalwa despot enkulu eGeorgia ngenxa kwabakho inyikima watshabalalisa woonongendi ka St. George, leyo lwalubonisa ilahleko omkhulu kwixesha elizayo lizwe wabandezeleka ukusuka izenzo zabalawuli basePersi.

Abbas, ebona nokudityaniswa yonxulumano phakathi Georgia neRashiya kusisisongelo bangena ubukumkani bamaPersi; ihlelwe 1622 kuhambo elibulalayo ukuya ezintabeni. phantsi Yena ukuba kwaye nokuphangwa wayithimba amaxabiso ezininzi nooAshera yokuthengisa ngakumbi abarhwebi basemzini. Ndafika kuye icon Georgian ye nguMama kaThixo.

Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, Bazaar yakhe wasePersi wabona umabhalane Russian Yaroslavl merchant Stefan Lazar. Kakade ke, umKristu lokwenyaniso kudlula, kwaye ezifunyenwe ngokungummangaliso icon, nangona ixabiso layo eliphezulu. Engcwele wabonisa nangoko ngokwayo xa inkosi umabhalane egor (eminye imithombo - George, Gregory) Lytkin phupha isalathiso kaThixo ukutshintshwa kwe icon kwenye maxe- kummandla Arkhangelsk. Ukungazi malunga icon, yomrhwebi abangazange baqhoboshele nayiphi ukubaluleka yokulala wacinga kuphela ngo-1629, xa athe wabuya unobhala wenkundla walatha Yegor uthenge umfanekiso namaPersi.

Bayahlelwa nokudalwa zabazobi Georgian eRashiya

Njengoko kwabe kuthethiwe ephupheni, Lytkin wathumela icon umlambo Pinega e Krasnogorsk woonongendi, imi kwindawo weentaba kwaye ezinamahlathi eyayisaziwa ngaphambili ngokuba baseMontenegro (yasekwa ngo-1603). umfanekiso Georgian ye nguMama kaThixo nangoko wabonisa indalo ngokungummangaliso, ukusinda ukungeva nokungaboni seal Pitirim. Ukuba ufuna olusa phambili ngezenzeko Akukwazi icon Tsarev umthetho Yabakho intsikelelo uBhishophu Nikon ngo-1650 waphumelela ukunqulwa imini yakhe - 4 Septemba.

Umsebenzi ngokungummangaliso ngabapeyinti Georgian ixesha elide ukuya kweli lizwe, ukutyelela emizini zaseSiberia. Kwaye kuyo yonke indawo Virgin waphilisa ngamakholwa enyaniso, njengoko oko kungqinwa amaxwebhu ibandla loo minyaka.

Ngelishwa, baphulukana icon yokuqala, xa kwi 20 kwinkulungwane yama-20 Krasnogorsk weemonki yavalwa. Emva ukufunyanwa kwayo ngo 1946, i icon esetyenziswa umngcelele umngcelele Religious, njengoko kuxelwe Moscow uBhishophu Bishop of Arkhangelsk, kodwa ukususela ngoko ke umfanekiso engasekho ayikho enye alufumanekanga.

Ikopi yokuqala icon

Amarhamente aziyo kwimbali ubuKristu, wabaqoba ooAshera Orthodox, sihlala siyazi ukuba yeyiphi icon kufuneka baphathwe isicelo esithile, utyelelo itempile. Icon ye yethu Lady of Georgia namhlanje ngohlobo kwezintlu zigcinwa kwiicawa ezahlukeneyo kweli lizwe lethu. Abaninzi babo, ngathi yantlandlolo, leyo ngokungummangaliso.

Kuba okokuqala ikopi umfanekiso Our Lady of Georgia, sabhalwa ngowe-1654 e-eMoscow ngesicelo lomntu unoluqeqesho lukhethekileyo awenze Gavriila Evdokimova, owabonisa umbulelo wakhe ukwaphuka unyana nezibi. Uluhlu yanikwa ibandla ngenxa Glinische, ngoku eyaziwa ngokuba Church of Emnye oyiNgcwele (Nikitnikov lane). Le icon waba ngokungummangaliso waza wanceda abahlali eyinkunzi ukuthintela isifo solusu, xa eMoscow, wayifulela isibetho.

Ziziphi ezinye izintlu zaziwa ukususela umfanekiso wokuqala Georgian

Emangalisayo nice Georgian Raifa icon ye nguMama kaThixo. Yena Wabonakala Kazan sithili ngo-1661. Ke Metropolitan Lawrence wayalela icon ngomzobi icon odumileyo. Kuba umfanekiso Raifa entlango sakha ibandla eyahlukileyo, kwaye emva ekuziseni esele wegcisa yena waqala ukudala imimangaliso yokwenene, uzise impiliso kwabaziimfama, iziqhwala, kunye abagula ngengqondo.

kakhulu Enye icon Georgian of the Virgin eMoscow waba indlwana ekhethekileyo yetempile Martina Ispovednika, oko kukuthi kwi Taganka. Ngaphambili, le luhlu igcinwa kwi Vorontsov endle endlwini Virgin oyiNgcwele, nangenxa ngokuyalelwa seKumkanikazi Paraskeva Feodorovna wadalwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, elinqabileyo Kyoto.

I- museum-Estate Ostankino e Moscow, uyitempile Emnye oyiNgcwele, ecaweni engundoqo eyathi yamiselwa ngo-1991, naye unalo icon Georgian of the Virgin, ogama imbali umdla kakhulu. Ngaphambili, wayemhlonipha i Skhiigumenya Famar, ehlabathini eyaziwa ngokuba Princess Mardzhanishvili. Lo mfanekiso kwakunikelwa ngumhlobo nentsapho yakhe uYakobi Nemstsveridze, yaye lowo Virgin uMariya yabonakala ephupheni kunye nesicelo ukunika i icon sebandla Ostankino. Yakov wayezimisele ziquka umfanekiso kwi-Georgian Orthodox Church, kodwa onke amaxesha emithathu kumthwalo, elingumthombo, Lelona laba yintloko icon aphaphazele ngeenxa ipeyinti. Ke uYakobi wayephulaphule icebiso, ndeva embonweni, yaye kwakukho itempile Ostankino, apho wadibana nebhinqa naye mkhuba zokufika ezayo yee icon ecaweni. Ngexesha ukubuyiselwa ipeyinti wachacha odwa, obengowabaya imimangaliso umfanekiso omhle. Akathist icon Georgian ye nguMama kaThixo ufunde apha rhoqo, kwaye amarhamente kakhulu iziza ingcwele, benze imithandazo yakhe entliziyweni.

Enye uluhlu kunye nomfanekiso ka Our Lady of the original Georgian wabonakala ngenkulungwane ye-17 e-Alexeyevskoye sigodlo, elalise Prechistensky Boulevard. Enye indela abagulayo wayefuna ukuba ndibhenele kulo mfanekiso, lowo etempileni injongo owalukileyo nongalukanga, kodwa ukuba akukho mntu ayikwazanga. Seal, eyabonakala kuye ephupheni, wathi kwenye ezinzulwini yetempile iqulathe uluhlu lwe icon Georgian. Emva search elifutshane kwenye yeendonga kwafunyaniswa ukuba sacristy kunye umfanekiso ngoko nangoko waphilisa ngunongendi. Le icon sele livalelwe komyalelo ingubo elinqabileyo loMlawuli Alexei Mikhailovich kunye intsikelelo ka uMphathi Nikon. Ngenkulungwane ye-19, itempile wafuduselwa i-Village oluBomvu, kunye uluhlu lwe icon ezifumaneka woonongendi, unqulo etempileni yoVuko kwi ndawo Sokolniki.

iitempile zokusebenza lunikezelwa icon ngokungummangaliso

Church, sithwele igama zonqulo Georgian inokufumaneka kwizixeko ezininzi zelizwe lethu kunye nakwamanye amazwe. Cathedral Raif yeyona idumileyo. Yayakhelwe ngexesha uMama madoda kaThixo Monastery ngo-1842 ngokukhethekileyo wokuwonga elaa icon ngokungummangaliso. Amarhamente ukubhiyozela ubuhle enkulu itempile, umoya onobabalo namandla elikhethekileyo oluvela icon endala. icon Georgian ye nguMama kaThixo Monastery e Raifa eyaziwa kakuhle kakhulu, kwaye yecawa ityelelwa abakhenkethi abaninzi. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufuna ukuhlala amazwi phantse yedwa, uyacebiswa ukuya khona ekuqaleni kusasa.

Enye ibandla nokusebenza Georgian nguMama kaThixo ise kwilali kummandla Yakshina eMoscow. Ngetempile intle kunene, yayakhiwe ngenkulungwane ye-18, kodwa yasha ngexesha leSoviet. Ukubuyiselwa yaqala kwi 90, inkonzo waqhubeka ngo-2004. Phambi kokuba revolution, ibandla balihlutha icon ngokungummangaliso Our Lady of Georgia, namhlanje i icon ezinjalo kakhulu.

iitempile abaninzi, Izindlwana Izindlwana abekelwe ngokungummangaliso apho Chuvashia, Republic of Tatarstan, yaseTver, Ryazan, ukulungela ukusebenza kunye neminye imimandla Russian Federation.

Apho enye zaye ibandla, elingcwele icon Georgian ye nguMama kaThixo

Kwingingqi yaseTver ngo-1714 wenza Gorbasevskaya (kwilali Gorbasevo) Church, wakha egameni ii icon zoqhagamshelwano ezichazwe. Kuthiwa itempile yakhiwa umrhwebi osisityebi ukususela eGeorgia, yalahleka ehlathini ezingqongileyo. Imithandazo kuMama kaThixo wamnceda ukuya elalini, enkosi lo mmangaliso babonakala ibandla. Ngowe-1860, isakhiwo yayo endala ngamaplanga, kwagqitywa ekubeni endaweni ilitye. Temple wayeka ukusebenza imi--30 kwinkulungwane yokugqibela.

Ancient Church of Our Lady of yaseGeorgia kwilali kwisithili Vassilyevskoe Shumsky. Noko ke, ngoku tempile, equka ibandla na lutshabalale, kwaye icon yamandulo, wenza i iconostasis, zigcinwe Tretyakov Gallery kunye Russian Museum.

Yini sithandaza icon

I iVangeli hayi nto kuthiwa abantu esilufumana kuThixo 'ngenxa yokholo lwabo. " Kuye kudala kwaphawulwa ukuba phakathi kwamawaka amarhamente nabasemzini, obuso emlonyeni uyitha umthandazo icon Georgian ye nguMama kaThixo, kuphiliswa, kulonwabo ufumaneka, asingabo bonke, kodwa kuphela abo imiphefumlo zicocekile ngokwenene yaye ukulungele ukuba uGrace.

Kukholelwa ukuba umfanekiso omhle unako ukunika impiliso kwabo abaphethwe zizifo ze phecana zesisu, nangezilonda ezahlukeneyo, izifo ezichaphazela amehlo, amazinyo kunye neendlebe amandla engcolileyo. Ahlonipha enkulu bagxalathelane ukuya umfanekiso loomama uxilongwe "nenzalo".

Kucingwa umthandazo kakhulu awathethwa ngumntu ngomhla wokuzalwa kwakhe ngexesha elinye okanye kufutshane imini yokubhiyozela umfanekiso ethile. A lot of uncedo yaye uye wanceda i icon Georgian ye nguMama, njengoko sithandaza amakholwa, vele. Ekupheleni ibali lingantoni, njengoko kudla kwenziwa.

Yintoni ukuba sithini

Umthandazo kusenokubonakala ezahlukeneyo, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuba amagama ngokusuka entliziyweni. Njengoko isicelo ukunika isakhono kumitha nkanyani ukuba ukumkanikazi wezulu, zilumkeleni izibongozo abantwana bakhe emhlabeni, kunye namagunya ayo ngokungummangaliso izifo ephilisa kunye ukongamela beedemon, esithe usizi, akubikho lo mthetho, sisindise lusizi, lisihlambulule kuso isono. Ukubuza i Virgin uMariya ukuba wavunyelwa ukuba nenzalo izibini ludlolo, uxolo kuYehova phambi koNyana KaThixo abanquli bakhe wamthandazela, ngethemba lokuba yena rhoqo bemdumisa kozuko lwayo.

Ezinye imithandazo Ukuqaqambisa indima kaYesu, Our Lady of isikhalazo phambi apho inokunyanga okanye aphelise ezinkathazweni. Inxiba uthi ukuze bafanelwe ukuba weva uYehova, kodwa unina akazange ukuba emke umntu nje lisenokuthetha ukuba uNyana nkqu mthandazo kakhulu cwaka, kodwa ngokunyanisekileyo. Cela uThixo nge Virgin Mary nokuthandaza banokuncedwa ukuba baphile, sinokuhlonela uThixo, ekukhanyeni imiyalelo yeNkosi.

Ubungqina abantu umbulelo ezininzi imimangaliso esivela ngendlela ekhethekileyo, zezona iminqamlezo, ngayo nkomoni iintlafuno kwi icon ye Virgin. Enoba yaye naphi na umKristu wathandaza iNtombi oyiNgcwele, ukholo oluluqilima umphefumlo wakhe kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo uya kukhokelela ummangaliso ngokwenene.