I-zintsholongwane penicillin semisynthetic ebanzi-kuyoyonke

Kuba unyango ezimbi ngayo esosulelayo okanye iintsholongwane ngokwendalo, adla ngokusetyenziswa antibiotics. Nangona kunjalo, inani labo bukhulu kangangokuba izigulane akusoloko ukuziqonda kakuhle into ichiza uya ivumelane kuye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho mfuneko yokuba nenxaxheba self. Khetha iindlela eziyimfuneko ukunceda ugqirha. Kodwa penicillin semisynthetic ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo ngokuqhelekileyo. Waziwa iminyaka engaphezu kwama-80.

Yintoni le mveliso?

Ngaloo ndlela, a penicillin semi-eyenziweyo yi-analogue kwezinto zendalo, leyo, iimpawu ezintsha zibaluleke kakhulu, kwaye igqalwa ukuba usebenze ngaphezu kuneyokuqala. Oko kukuthi, ukuba senze iimeko xa kwamagciwane ukumelana kwimiphumo penicillin zendalo.

Iziyobisi kweli qela ziphakathi kakhulu ngokuchasene inani elikhulu izifo ngoko zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngokwaneleyo. Ukongeza, ukuba phantse engeyongozi ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni. Kungenxa yoko le nto badla emiselweyo unyango abafazi abakhulelweyo kunye neentsana.

penicillin Semisynthetic ukumelana ngakumbi acid, ngoko ke kunokuthatha ixesha elide ukwakha iipilisi. Uphethe ukusebenza ixesha elide. Oko kukuthi, ukuba eli qela iziyobisi ixhaphake kakhulu yaye esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi yezonyango.

Umgaqo ukusebenza olwa

Ngenxa yoko, imali enikwe liqela kubume yaso iringi β-lactam. Loo nto yenza kube lula ukuyeka imveliso iseli peptidoglycan iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Oko ke nokukhula nokukotshwa le pathogen zokumisa, oko asiyihlaziyanga, uze emva koko iyafa. Ngelo xesha linye iiseli zomzimba womntu abe izinto ezimbi ayikasebenzi, ngenxa yokuba iquka akukho peptidoglycan.

Ukongeza, isangqa β-lactam unika Yindibanisela kodonga yeseli ziibhakteriya ukuba afune ukutya okungaqhelekanga kulo. Ngokubanzi, penicillin semi-zokwenziwa iphumelela kakhulu ekulweni izifo ezahlukeneyo enyama yangaphakathi, kwizifo yotyando.

buhle imali

Ngoko ke, kufuneka aqwalasele ukuba yintoni iingenelo engenwe ngulo qela iziyobisi. penicillins Semisynthetic banamalungelo zilandelayo:

• Bayakwazi ukusebenza ngempumelelo kwanabo kwamagciwane sele liphuhlise ukuxhathisa kule hlobo olwa nawo.
• iziyobisi abaninzi spectrum ezibanzi inyathelo, oko kukuthi, bangambulala inani elikhulu iintsholongwane ezahlukeneyo.
• Uninzi penicillins eli qela unalo impahla ngokukhethekileyo: ukuxhathisa esiswini acid. Oko kukuthi, abayi kuba ngaphantsi kwe kwizitofu olusebenzayo cwecwe.

Iimpawu ze isicelo

Iqela penicillin semi-zokwenziwa ke ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu bonke antibiotics ezikhoyo. Ukuba ziyafumaneka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Ngelo kwikhemesti unako ukuthenga isiraphu, amacwecwe, olungumgubo lwemfuyo okanye ulwelo ilungele ngenaliti. I-powder lidla zipakishwe kwiglasi ezineengqayi umthamo ethile uvale cap irabha kunye ikepusi otyhidiweyo. Emva kokuvula ibhotile kufuneka ukusetyenziswa kwangoko isibulala-zintsholongwane, elide kangaka njengoko ayigcinwanga phakathi kwi ecacileyo.

Le umgubo elasetyenziswayo lokulungisa sisombululo ongama okanye intramuscular. Kuba yawo yokuzalela isebenzisa ulwelo okhethekileyo. Kukho kwakhona Ithatyathwe emigutyeni granulated kuzo elungiselela ukunqunyanyiswa lolawulo ngomlomo. Amaninzi, le fom ye-zintsholongwane ezisetyenziselwa ukunyanga abantwana abancinane.

Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ixhaphakileyo wokwenziwa ezi pilisi. Ngenxa yokuba amanye amachiza zimelwe iqela abanganyangekiyo isisu acid, eyona nto iphambili kubo lutshatyalaliswe. Oko kukuthi, bathi kakuhle kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwanasemva Esiwa phantsi bume engentle.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela ukuba ukusetyenziswa

Phambi nasiphi na isifo esosulelayo okanye iintsholongwane emzimbeni ugqirha unalo ilungelo lokumisela antibiotics. penicillins semi-eyenziweyo zingasetyenziswa ekunyangeni izifo ezifana:

• Inyumoniya, usulelo pleura.
• Endocarditis isimilo nokulimala.
• izifo yamanina ukuba zihamba ziinkqubo ukudumba kwaye luphawulwa ukubonakala ubofu.
• Udila.
• Nokudumba.
• Peritonitis.
• Usulelo womqala, impumlo okanye iindlebe.
• Meningitis.
• Gas ukubola.
• Ukubola komqala.
• Ukuvuza ngaphantsi, negcushuwa.
• Leptospirosis.
• fever ebomvu.
• isifo esisulelayo le ureters kunye bile duct.
• izifo nxeba ngesikhumba okanye ezithambileyo kwizihlunu, ezo zihamba ubomvu.
• conjunctivitis Gonococcal, cellulitis le orbit, keratitis, ukwenzakala okanye ubudala iso.

Ukongeza, le luhlu ungadluliselwa. Njengoko kubonakala ubungqina thaca, penicillins asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo phantse onke amalungu oluntu.

Zeziphi lawo Izimo?

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba penicillins semisynthetic, lo spectrum amanyathelo libanzi kakhulu, phantse engeyongozi ngokupheleleyo nabantu, ukuba kusafuneka ezinye Izimo nokusetyenziswa:

1. An uxabane ukuba ichiza okanye iinxalenye zayo.
2. ukunyamezelana kweziphilayo amaqela athile iziyobisi.

Noko ke, kwezenzeko ze nokwaliwa lincinane ngokwaneleyo. Kodwa ukuqeshwa iziyobisi penicillin ugqirha kufuneka uqwalasele ukunyamezelana ngomonde ezi mali.

Buhle zingafuneki khona ukuze yenzeke?

engemihle penicillins semisynthetic ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha ezaneleyo. Bangafumana kwelona eyahlukileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu sakugcina kunye engozini ubomi kunye nempilo isigulane ongazaliyo. Emva kokufumana amalungiselelo ezisekelwe penicillin angavela ngayo ecaleni ezifana:

• Isicaphucaphu kunye nokugabha.
• Eosinophilia.
• Ukwandisa lobushushu emzimbeni wonke.
• Buhlungu nentloko.
• spasm inyumoniya.
• Nokudumba (nokuba angioedema).
• basabela Neurotoxic.
• Artrapiya (amalungu sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi lesibini okubangelwa zezinye izifo).
• Yombono.
• Isiqaqa.
• An uxabane. Kusenokuba kade okanye ngesiquphe.
• Phlebitis okanye thrombophlebitis (xa ilawulwa yegazi).
• Stomatitis (usebenzisa i kuqulunqo tablet).

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, uluhlu reactions ezibi ungadluliselwa ngokungenammiselo. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuyekiswa kwangexesha eli qela reactions ezingathandekiyo uthathe indawo kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa. Noko ke, allergies kakhulu kunokukhokelela ukufa isigulane. Ngoko ke, kufuneka contraindicated ukuthatha penicillin naluphi na uhlobo (nkqu ukutya).

ngezigaba asethi

mabayahlule Ngoko ke amachiza ngokusekelwe penicillins semi-eyenziweyo kuba maqela alandelayo:

1. Penitsillinazostabilnye "Oxacillin", "Methicillin".
2. Karboksipenitsilliny "ticarcillin", "Carbenicillin".
3. pseudomonas:
4. Aminopenicillin: "Amoxicillin", "Ampicillin" (le yeyona ixhaphakileyo). Aba semi-zokwenziwa penicillins ezibanzi-spectrum ayikho abanganyangekiyo imiphumo beta-laktanaz. Noko ke, ukuba kwenziwe ngendlela ipilisi.
5. "Mezlocillin" Uridopenitsilliny, "azlocillin".

Ngaphandle kokuba iqela ngalinye izinto semi-zokwenziwa yenzelwe ukuba kuliwe izifo ezithile, xa kwimeko kakuhle ayikwazi zidityaniswe nezinye antibiotics bacteriostatic. Oku banokubenzakalisa umzimba.

Yintoni isinyibilikisi ekhethiweyo yokwandisa powder?

Ukuze singenise intramuscularly zintsholongwane okanye kwesikhumba, umgubo kufuneka iphendulwe lulwelo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izinyibilikisi eyahlukeneyo asetyenziswa. Abo kakhulu zixhaphakileyo: yeyetyuwa, amanzi inaliti, kwakunye "Novocaine".

Ukuba kuzakuthathwa ulawulo intramuscular beziyobisi, ngoko ingasetyenziswa kukho naziphi na izinyibilikisi ngasentla. Kodwa akufuneki ibe zifudumele kuba ukusebenza umgubo emva ukuxutywa kulo mzekelo nga lincitshiswe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha zasehlotyeni ukunciphisa ubushushu isinyibilikisi kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise amanzi abandayo. phinda nje ampoule kwisingxobo bolwelo okwemizuzu embalwa. lobushushu flakonchika kufuneka ingadluli degrees 18-20.

Ukwenzela ukunciphisa imvakalelo kabi ukupha ngenaliti, kubhetele ukusebenzisa saline yesiqhelo. Ukuba isigulana sele akafuni uzive iintlungu, kunokwenzeka ukunyibilikisa umgubo "Novocaine", nto leyo iba nefuthe intlungu. Noko ke, kule imeko, ulwelo uzilungiselele babe namafu ngenxa ukuvela procaine penicillin yetyuwa. Kodwa ke, umgangatho okanye ukusebenza ichiza ayiphazamiseki.

Amachiza ziqhelekileyo: inkcazelo emfutshane

Ukuba ufuna ukusebenzisa penicillins semi-zokwenziwa, iziyobisi kwimeko nganye ngamnye, emiselwe ngugqirha. I-antibiotics uthandwayo eli qela zezi zilandelayo:

• "Ampicillin". It is a zintsholongwane ebanzi-spectrum kakuhle ephambene-Igram kwaye ezinye iintsholongwane gram-HIV. Ukususela esiswini kunye namathumbu ichiza ako kancinci. Tolerability beziyobisi okulungileyo izigulane ezininzi. Xa co-lusekelwe "Ampicillin" kunye anticoagulants ngomlomo kwandisa iimpembelelo wamva. Ukufumana iindlela amaxesha 4-6 / d.
• "Amoxicillin". Oku kuyafana amalungiselelo elidlulileyo, esibonakala yi Bole kukufakwa ngokupheleleyo ukusuka phecana zesisu. Kukho ezininzi eziqhele kuthengiswa ngohlobo amacwecwe, njengoko ukumelana yeziphumo ezibi yejusi esiswini kwaye akukho folokohlo phantsi kwempembelelo yayo.
• "Oxacillin". Eli yeza exhathisayo nje kuphela isisu acid, kodwa kwabo enzyme leyo ezinako bonakalisa penicillin. Ngenxa yokuba kubhaliwe kwizondlo ngokukhawuleza umchamo, kuya kufuneka ukuba uthathe rhoqo kakhulu. Drug ingasetyenziswa ngohlobo lwezitofu.

cephalosporins Group

Kukho iqela olwahlukileyo antibiotics: penicillins semisynthetic - cephalosporins. Iphuma iziyobisi ityhefu zendalo "Cephalosporin C". Iziyobisi kweli qela ezisetyenziswa kakhulu ichemotherapy ukuba unyango lwezifo ezosulelayo.

Amisele mithi ukuba ugqirha kuphela eli qela oyaziyo malunga awohluke yezenzo zabo. Ngokomzekelo, hayi zonke iindlela yokuqala neyesibini isizukulwana zisebenza ngokufanayo. Noko ke, ukumelana iintsholongwane ukuba cephalosporins avelise kakhulu kancinci. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba indlela eli qela kuba nefuthe yityhefu kwi kidney engenamandla ngokwaneleyo xa zilawulwa nokuba iingedosi ezincinane kakhulu (4-6 g).

Nantso zonke iinkalo imveliso eyenziweyo ngokusekelwe penicillin. Nangona ukhuseleko ezi antibiotics umzimba, nokuzeyisa wenza kuyo nayiphi na imeko engenakwenzeka. Hlala uphilile!