Cinema India: imbali kwendalo kunye nophuhliso

Nokuba akuzange ukubona imifanekiso eshukumayo Indiya, igama elithi "Bollywood" nangoko asuka abe ngathi ngamagama bhanyabhanya eqaqambileyo, eqaqambileyo bebala wadubula kwiindawo ezingaqhelekanga, apho bonke ekungqungqeni ekhululekile baze bacule. Kodwa yintoni na imbali kwendalo kunye nophuhliso cinema Indian? Kwaye shishino lukhula ukuba enye enamandla kakhulu kwaye inzuzo kwishishini kweli lizwe?

isingeniso

Iingcali ezininzi azivumelani nkcazelo ngqo elithi "Bollywood". Sekunjalo, ukufana ngokwezibalo: "Bollywood" - Ingaba kwishishini lokwenziwa kweefilim enamandla e Mumbai, apho ifilimu kakhulu Hindi, kunye ndawo umdaniso onoyolo ngeengoma. Ayizi awugubungele kwishishini lokwenziwa kweefilim lonke eIndiya,%-20 nje kuphela yabo bebonke kwilizwe imveliso film. Bollywood - akukho nto umboniso uhlobo, ukuba ishishini kunye ezahlukeneyo ndlela.

Imbali cinema Indiya lisukela emva kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. Ngowe-1896, imifanekiso eshukumayo yokuqala yayidla kwaye eboniswe abazalwana Lumière e Mumbai (Bombay).

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba xa Harishchandra Sakharam eyaziwa ngokuba "ifoto" wayalela khamera eNgilani, ukuba wenza i film "Champions" kwi imiyezo ejingayo Mumbai. Yaba irekhodi ukulwa elula ukuba kungekudala wabonisa ngo-1899 waza waqalisa ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo i "ihamba" iimovie yokuqala kolu shishino Indiya.

Cinema India: imbali

Uyise cinema Indiya kuthathwa Dadasaheda Falke, ngubani abakhululwa ngokupheleleyo-ubude osemqoka umboniso yehlabathi yokuqala "Raja Harischandra" ngo-1913. Lo Indian umboniso yokuqala eboniswe eLondon ngowe-1914. picture Cwaka waba yimpumelelo oqhweshileyo yorhwebo.

Dadasahed akazange kuphela umvelisi kodwa ngumlawuli, screenwriter, cinematographer, umhleli, yaye benze imeyikhaphu mculi. Kweli thuba ukususela 1913 ukuya 1918, wayephatha nolawulo zokudubula 23 bhanya.

Ekuqaleni, uphuhliso cinema Indian akuzange kwenzeke nje ngokukhawuleza njengoko e Hollywood. Iinkampani zemveliso New umboniso yaqala ukuvela kwi 1920. Paintings isekelwe kwizibakala wentsomi nembali kunye iziqephu kusuka yeMahabharata kunye Ramayana, waqalisa ukulawula kwi 20. Kodwa Indian ababukeli ngaphezu zikude namabutho.

Ukuphela "era cwaka"

The Indian sound film yokuqala "Alam Ara" lahlolwa eBombay ngo-1931. womculo kwi isethi kulo mfanekiso yaba Hirose Shah ekwazile ukubhala ingoma yokuqala "De De Khuda" yi BM Khan. Cinema India "kwangena" kwixesha elitsha.

Emva koko, iinkampani bhanyabhanya eziliqela baye bafuna ukwandisa imveliso ifilimu Indiya. 328 Imizobo zaye zasuswa ngo-1931. Oku kathathu ngaphezu ngo-1927 - 107 Prime. Ngeli xesha, nayo landa inani zokubukela iiholo.

Ukusukela ngo-1930 ukuya 1940, eqongeni, kukho abaninzi abanegama ye cinema Indian: Debaki bose, Chetan Anand, iBhashan, Nitin bose kunye nabanye.

films zengingqi

Ngeli xesha, kungekhona nje iimovie ethandwayo Hindi. Ishishini lefilimu lwengingqi uye waba uphawu yayo. Le film Bengali yokuqala "lokugqibela Damyanti" kunye nabadlali Italian kwi indima ekhokelayo, ababukeli babona ngo-1917. Lo mfanekiso yayiyiqhawuqhawula Dzhayotish Sarkar.

Ngowe-1919 ebidlalwe sisidenge iqale South Indian osihloko sithi "vadham kechak".

Xa film "Kaliya Mardan" intombi Dadasaheda Falke yaba umntwana wokuqala "iinkwenkwezi", nto leyo wadlala indima komntwana bukaKrishna ngowe-1919.

Sound film in Bengali "Jamai Shashti" yabukelwa 1931 (eveliswe yi "theater Madan").

Ngaphandle Bengali kunye neelwimi South Indian, bhanyabhanya zommandla nazo kwezinye iilwimi: Xhosa Oriya, isiPunjabi, Marathi, Assamese kunye nabanye. "Aethedzha Raja" yaba Marathi umboniso yokuqala eyenziwe ngo-1932. Lo mfanekiso kwenziwa Hindi nokutsalela abantu abaninzi ukuze ubone.

Ukuzalwa i "ixesha elitsha"

Imbali Cinema India Oku kuya kuphuhliswa ngexesha Second World War. Ukuzalwa shishino namhlanje umboniso Indiya sele idlule ukususela 1947. Eli xesha yabalasela utshintshwano ezibalulekileyo ngokugqithiseleyo kubo ngokudubula bhanya. Famous bhanya Satyat uRay Bimal Roy wenza imizobo ukuba igxile kwimiba ukusinda kunye ukubandezeleka imihla yabantu eklasini asezantsi.

izifundo zembali wentsomi amana kungena imvelaphi, kunye neebhanyabhanya zentlalo aye kulawula shishino. Busekelwe phezu imixholo efana ngemizimba, isithembu kunye nezinye izenzo ezingekho mthethweni, nto leyo ekwabolekiswa e-India ngokubanzi. Cinema luboniswa ngecala izenzo ezinjalo.

Ngowe-1960 abalawuli ritvik Çatak, Mrinal Sen nabanye zigxininise iingxaki wale ndoda eqhelekileyo. Eziliqela films ezaziwayo-kakuhle badutyulwa ngezi zihloko, elathi 'ukuba basike zinendawo ekhethekileyo "kwi kwishishini lokwenziwa kweefilim Indiya.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini ithathwa i "Golden Age" kwimbali cinema Indiya. Yaba e laqala eli xesha ukukhula ukuthandwa abadlali: Guru Dutt, Radzh Kapur, kaReen Kumar, Meena Kumari, Madhubala, uNargis, Nutan, Dev Anand, Waheeda Rehman kunye nabanye.

Bollywood - lo vulindlela of "masala" movie

Ngo-1970 movie "masala" elivela Bollywood. Abaphulaphuli wayeyithanda kwaye banokungazilawuli ngokwabo batsalwe aura of abadlali ezifana URajesh Khanna, Darmendra, Sandzhiv Kumar, Hema Malini. Kukholelwa ukuba ngunozala nokudalwa bhanya masala baba adumileyo kunye nempumelelo umlawuli, Manmohan Desai. Wayedla ngelithi ukuba ufuna ngokwenene abantu ukulibala ntsizi, waya ehlabathini amaphupha, apho kungekho bubuhlwempu.

"Shola" - innovative umboniso ngqo ngu harbhajan Sippy, ukuthathelwa ingqalelo behlabathi kuphela zafunyanwa, kodwa wenza 'superstar' Amitabh Bachchan.

nabaqondisi abambalwa female (mayer UNair, Aparna Sen) babonise iitalente zabo ngo-1980. njani bakulibale kinotvortse engaqhelekanga egqibeleleyo Rekha, ngubani amhluba emangalisayo film "Umrao Jaan" ngo-1981?

Ngowe-1990 waba ithandwa abadlali ezinjalo: Shah Rukh Khan, Salman Khan, Madhuri dixit, Aamir Khan, Chawla, Chiranjeevi kunye nabanye. Ezi ngcali ukhangela iindlela ezintsha ndisiba cinema of India. Imbali Andiyi kulilibala ngo-2008, nto leyo eye yaba yimbalasane Bollywood - Rahman waphumelela i-Oscar iimbasa ezimbini soundtrack intle movie "Slumdog ngusozigidi."

ubuzwe

Ukuqhubeka nolwazi cinema Indiya, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kukho iinkalo ezine eziphambili ezinceda kulwalamano ngakumbi langoku "India - mfi": ubuzwe, ukuhluza, kunye neendidi umculo. Khawuqwalasele ezi zihloko ngokweenkcukacha ezingakumbi.

Kwibakala lokuqala lophuhliso ezininzi amanani amakhulu yokuzikhethela Bollywood kolu shishino iye yenziwa ukwenzela ukusetyenziswa Hindi njengendlela ephambili Indian iifilimu. Kutheni kunjalo? Eneneni, e-Indiya ukuthetha ngeelwimi ezininzi, yaye Hindi nokude yeyona ixhaphakileyo kubo. Waba i "oyintloko" njengoko Hindi - lwesigodi bethenga wayesazi inxalenye enkulu yabemi.

Olunye uphawu yesizwe olulodwa Indian Bollywood umboniso umculo eclectic. Zisuka nje, onesingqi wadala iifilimu, kuquka izimbo ezahlukeneyo lizwe.

Uphawu lwesithathu - i "ihlabathi" bhanya-bhanya e-India, apho wazeka amaSilamsi kunye amaHindu okanye amaKristu, kunye nabantu abasuka kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo zentlalo impumelelo enkulu ebomini. Kubalulekile ukuba bathi abaninzi wabaseki Indian iifilimu yayigqalwa ukuba ushishino Indian umboniso esisiseko iye isitshixo inkululeko elizayo lizwe ukusuka British.

yokuhlolwa

Xa kunjalo ke cinema of India waba phantsi kobunkokheli yaseBritani, akunakwenzeka ukuba bathi ngokubandakanywa izihloko ezithile movie. Kodwa emva kokuba lizwe yafumana uzimele geqe eBritani, ukuhluza iindaba sele eze ukudlala indima ebonakalayo isimbo bhanya-bhanya.

Ukuba isini eyalelweyo ngokungqongqo kwaye naluphi na zoqhagamshelwano egregious emzimbeni (nokuphuzana). Ngoko ke, i "ulwimi umzimba" lomlinganiswa endaweni ngokupheleleyo ezo zinto iye yaba yinto yamihla le. Kuvunyelwa kuphela emagxeni touch ukukhanya phakathi ngamaqhawe ezimbini zothando kunye nokugcinwa kwabantu kufuphi enye kwenye ngaphandle ningayichukumisi. Ingxoxo kwakhona ibonisa imbuyekezo ilahleko ngesini. Ababukeli kufuneka nje ukuba siqhelane ukuqonda kwabo.

genre

Imbali cinema Indian (iinyani ezinika umdla malunga kuyo thaca ngezantsi) ibonisa ukuba imingcele nayo yafak 'isandla ekudalweni neentlobo ezininzi elikhethekileyo Bollywood. Iminyaka emininzi, xa kukho imfazwe phakathi Indiya nasePakistan, kwi movie ayengavunyelwa ukuzakhela ukubalula kuyo. Iintshaba ayikwazi ukubizwa ngamagama abo.

A nefuthe elikhulu kwishishini lokwenziwa kweefilim ukuba ukuncedisa uRhulumente alo ilizwe: kukholelwa ukuba imfuneko uluntu ukubonisa kuphela eziya kuchaphazela imbono zayo zezopolitiko nezentlalo. Ukongeza, nkqu imithetho kwamkelwa, bathi uboniso uhlobo zabalinganiswa bhanya kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela umculo weklasiki of North India.

Le ubumpi phakathi kukarhulumente kunye woshishino lokwenziwa kweefilim kwaqhubeka de-1998, phambi kokuba zokwamkelwa ummiselo osemthethweni uphuhliso oluzimeleyo shishino.

umculo

Umculo - oku ababukeli abaninzi ekuthiwa uphawu lubalulekileyo Bollywood bhanya. Kwaye oku kuyinyaniso! womculo (njengoko kubhekiselelwe kuwo abaqambi umboniso Indian) ukuba ucinge malunga imfuneko zamaculo iifilimu, kungekhona ekuvunyweni umgaqo, babaphatha kubo ulawulo elula ekuzibonakaliseni.

Umculo - inxalenye elifanayo movie, kwakunye iikhosityum. Okubalulekileyo, i zililo na abasunguli abayifuni ukukhuthaza indalo zabo. Balwela ukuba ukuphuhlisa ntetho bezobugcisa ibali abaphulaphuli.

inyaniso ekhaya: abadlali kwi movie musa kuvuma, kwaye beqonga kwaezo lokucula loonobumba eziliqela. Sekunjalo, India uthathwa ukuba uyakholiswa kabini ukujonga uze umamele umdlali imvumi best oyithandayo.

Nzima kakhulu ukuba bemeko- loo movie wadutyulwa umculo ndawo. umlawuli ngamnye wayezama ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze ithathe ngeengoma movie. Kuye zithandwa kangangokuba nanamhlanje-80% yabo bonke Indian iifilimu ziyadutyulwa kwi "ukudlalwa nomculo yimveliso."

Interesting yayenzekile kwimbali cinema Indian

Ishishini lefilimu in India - lishishini ekhethekileyo. Ngoko ke, kukho ezinye iinkalo engaqhelekanga kuthi. Makhe sihlolisise kubo:

1. Ishedyuli Premier. movie ezaziwayo ezininzi eboniswe kwindlela ethile. Hi xikombiso, le blockbusters ezinkulu "yakhululwa" kuphela xa kubhiyozelwa enkulu imbeko ekupheleni Ramadan, kwaye ngexesha off-ngexesha lomdlalo weqakamba cinema efana "kufa phandle."

2. "bonke sihla kusapho." Cinema India for ngembali yaso, ifikelele injongo ephambili - ukubeka usapho kuqala kubomi ngomntu wonke. Ishishini umboniso West ukuba 'baqhayise "akakwazi.

3. Indian "Oscar". Bollywood uye uguqulelo yayo yesahlulo - oko Filmfar Evords, ayinazo ngokunxulumene Ukuthanda abaphulaphuli. Okubaluleke - kumsitho ehambisa ibhaso ngenxa "Game Best".

4. "cinema enxuseneyo". abalandeli movies Indian ayikho xiyile leswaku Indiya isuse umfanekiso njengomculo nomngqungqo kuphela. Ezinye bhanya, eyaziwa ngokuba "bhanya ngaxeshanye," benza bhanyabhanya "cinema kakhulu." Ngokomzekelo, ngowe-1998 Weza film "Dil Se", apho ophambili othetha imeko yezopolitiko nzima ehlabathini.

isiphelo

Cinema India (iifoto kunye imiboniso kakuhle eboniswe ngasentla) uye waba yinxalenye yobomi bethu bemihla ngemihla, nokuba imovie okanye umfanekiso sengingqi Bollywood. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuluntu lwethu. Nangona isibakala sokuba 'ezimnandi' lilizwi ezingundoqo bhanya Indiya, ibali lineziphumo eyingenelo engqondweni ezingqondweni abaphulaphuli.

Xa kwimbali Indian iifilimu inkqubela ukusuka eziphuculweyo iikhamera iindlela nohlelo. inkqubela kwezobugcisa sinyuse bokuyila bhanya. Noko ke, inkqubela akazange akwazi Zizigqithile ngokuxabiseka kwenkcubeko of India. Kwaye kulungile!