I-Silicon Valley ngumntwana we-IT class technology

I-Silicon Valley yi-urban agglomeration enkulu yezoqoqosho, apho i-half-half of the technical and scientific potential in the industry. Itholakala kwingingqi yaseCalifornia ye peninsula yaseSan Francisco kwaye isuka ukusuka entshonalanga kuya empuma. Ummandla wayo ungama-900 km2. Igama layo lithathwe kwi-chemical element ye-silicon (igama lesiNgesi li-silicon), elisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yeedivaysi ze- semiconductor.

I-Silicon Valley ngumgaqo-mqathango. Ayibonakalwanga kwiimephu zeendawo kwaye akanakho imida. Okwangoku, eli gama libizwa ngokuba ngummandla wezemali, ojoliswe kwizixeko ezinkulu ePalo Alto, eSan Jose, Sunnyvale, eLos Altos, eSanta Clara. Le nhlanganisela yegama yokuqala yabonakala ngo-1971 ngokubulela intatheli uDon Hoffler.

I-Silicon Valley i-USA yindawo yesithathu yobukhulu bezobuchwepheshe eMelika ngokubhekiselele kwinani labasebenzi abasebenza kwisekhnoloji ye-IT. Phantse i-40% yeenjini eziqeshwe kwiinkqubo zenkcazelo zolwazi zihlala apha kunye neentsapho zabo. Amaziko amakhulu angamawaka amathathu, amaqumrhu, ukuqala, iinkampani ezintsha zijoliswe kule ndawo. Basebenzisa ekudalweni kwesoftware ye-tech-tech, i-microchips, i-biotechnologies, izixhobo zonxibelelwano zeselula, njl njl. Ukuphuhliswa okukhulu kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nolwazi lobuchwepheshe kule ndawo kuxhumene nokuxhaswa kunye nokutyalomali kweenkampani zokuqala, ukuvalwa kweedolophu ezinkulu kunye nomsebenzi wokudibanisa kwiiyunivesithi eziphambili zaseMerika.

I-Silicon Valley yaqala uhambo lwayo lwembali ngo-1951. Ngaloo xesha, u-Terman Fred (umongameli weYunivesithi yaseStanford elapha) waqalisa ukuqeshisa umhlaba ngenjongo yokutsala iimali ukuphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza uphando lobugcisa obuphezulu. Isangqa sabaqeshi abilisiwe kuphela kwiikhampani eziphezulu ezinokuba luncedo kumsebenzi wophando kwiyunivesithi. Kwiminyaka emininzi, intlambo yaba yiziko lehlabathi kwi- electronics industry.

Kwigama eliyaziwayo, i-Fairchild Semiconductor yadlala indima enkulu, eyaba ngowokuqala ehlabathini ukuzisa izixhobo zisebenzisa i-silicon (i-silicon) edibeneyo ye-microcircuit. Kamva le nkampani yaba ngumdali wezahlulo ezitsha, ezifana ne-Philips Semiconductors, i-Intel, i-AMD, i-National Semiconductors. Kungenxa yokuba iSilicon Valley ibizwa ngegama layo.

E-Rashiya, ngowama- 2009, kwakukho isicwangciso seprojekthi esibizwa ngokuba nguSkolkovo. Ngokutsho kwabasekeli beziko elitsha, emva kwexesha kuya kuba yiSilicon Valley eRashiya, isifaniso saseRashiya saseCalifornia Valley. Kodwa abachasene neprojekthi banethemba lokuba oku kuya kuba yindawo ye- offshore yeenkampani ezikarhulumente ezinelungelo.

Kucetywayo ukwenza iindawo ezikhangayo kule ndawo yangaphakathi kwidolophu yasemaphandleni yomsebenzi weenkqubo, izazinzulu, abaqulunqi, iinjineli kunye nabaxhasi. Kwixesha elizayo, iingcali zaseRashiya ziza kudala ubuchwepheshe bokuncintisana apha. Injongo ephambili yale projekthi kukumisa ukutshabalalisa izazinzulu zaseRashiya, iingcali kunye nabafundi abathembisayo kumazwe aphesheya kwaye babuyele kweli lizwe kulabo bashiye. Kuza kube namhlanje, i-Skolkovo sele iqeshwe abasebenzi abaya kuba nako ukuqala umsebenzi wabo oqhamo kwixesha elizayo.