I-pod-pasite dodder: amanyathelo okulwa

I-Dodder - i-plant-parasite mhlawumbi iyaziwayo kumntu wonke; Ukuba yindoda enobungozi obuncitshiweyo obunxiba izityalo ezilinywayo, aluvumeli ukuba ezi zilandelayo ziphuhlise ngokuqhelekileyo, zisondeza ubunzima babo kunye nezondlo.

Inkcazo ye-dodder

Umthonyama waseAfrika kunye neTropiki yaseMelika, isityalo esinesityalo se-parasitic sisasazeka kwihlabathi jikelele; Ukuzivumelanisa ngokukhawuleza iimeko ezintsha kunye nezityalo ezintsha, zibaphazamisa.

Eyona nto ifana nefecundity ephezulu kunye nobukhulu obukhulu, i-dodder ifom ye-thin-and---stalked fomu, kwaye ifumaneka kwindalo kwimimandla engaphezu kwe-100.

Into eyingozi kakhulu yintsimi ye-plant-dodder field, clover, hop, i-flaxseed. Ukuxhaswa kwamagqabi kunye neengcambu, kunomzimba wee-shades ezahlukeneyo (ukusuka kwitshintshi ukuya ebomvu). Isondeza i-parasite ephihliweyo ngenxa yemikhosi yesityalo esisisigxina, apho iqhotyoshelweyo ngeendlela ezidityanisiweyo (haustoriae). Ukubunjwa kwalawo manqabileyo, okungena kwizityalo zityalo kunye nokondla izondlo kuwo, kwenzeka kwiindawo zokudibanisa "nexhoba elizayo". Isityalo, esiye sabanjwa ngokubanjwa komzimba, sitshatyalaliswa, silibazisekile ekukhuleni nasekuphuhliseni ngenxa yokuphelelwa komthamo wokhula.

Ingozi yeedodge zezityalo ezilinywayo

Ukukhula kwe-dodder kwenzeka kwinqanaba elikhawulezayo, ukhula lubandakanya izityalo ezilinywa ngokupheleleyo, okubangela ukunciphisa umgangatho womveliso, ukungonakaliswa kobunzima obusika kunye nokulahlekelwa kwesityalo esizayo.

I-dodder ayiyinto engathandekiyo malunga nokukhethwa kweli "lixhoba elizayo" kwaye liyakwazi ukuhlala kufuphi nasiphi na isityalo segadi kunye nesitiya; Musa ukululahla lo lukhula nangentyatyambo. Ukutyalwa kwintsimi yokhuni, utshintsho oluchaphazelekayo, owomileyo, ulahlekelwa sisondlo, kunokubangela izifo zesilwanyana, kwezinye iimeko - ukufa kwayo.

Emva kokuba i-plant-parasite dodder ihambelane nesityalo esifanelekileyo, ukuxhamla kwayo nomhlaba iphukile, kwaye ukhula lukhuseleko olupheleleyo kwinto yendalo okhethiweyo. Esinye isiqhelo esinamandla siyakwazi ukwenza isilonda esingama 6 square metres ububanzi. Amitha. Umzimba wezityalo unobuncwane obunzulu obuphezulu, obangela ukuba iziqwenga zesityalo zingapheli ixesha elide. I-dodder ngokuyinhloko ikhula kwiindawo eziphezulu kunye nendawo eziphakathi, izitshizi zihamba ngeefomform, i-branching, i-yellow yellow stems.

Isiqu se-dodder sihlanganiswe nenani elikhulu leentyantyambo ezincinci eziqokelelwe kwi-globular, glomerose okanye kwi-inflorescences. Isiqhamo siyi-capsule eneembewu ezi-2 okanye ezine. Kwaye ezi zilandelayo zifana nembewu yezityalo ezihlwayelweyo zihlala ziphosakele. Ngokukodwa, imbewu ye-dodder ifana nembewu ye-clover, kuphela xa ihlolwe ngokucokisekileyo. Ukumisa imbewu ephantsi kwembewu yezityalo ezihlwayelwe kukubangela ukuguqulwa kwamagciwane, okubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kweendlela eziqhelekileyo zokuhlula imbewu. Imbewu ye-dodder, ebonakaliswe ngendawo yeselula, ixutywe kunye ne-powder magnetic kwaye ihlukaniswe nembewu yezityalo ezihlwayelwe ngoncedo lwee-electromagnets. Ebusweni babo obubushelelekileyo, umgubo awugcinwanga.

Ukusasazeka kwedoodder

Ukusabalalisa i-dodder kwenzeka rhoqo ngeembewu zezityalo ezingahlambulukanga. Kwaye nabathwali bayo izilwanyana, umoya, iimoto, amanzi; Ukuba imfuyo isondliwa ngezityalo ezincinci, ke oko kukugqibela kusemasimini kunye nomgquba wezilwanyana. I-Dodder ingasasazeka kunye nokupakishwa okanye izinto zokutyala. Umthombo wentsholongwane unokuba ukhula kunye neentlobo zasendle zityalo ezisuleleke yi-parasite. Ukuhluma kwembewu ye-dodder kwenzeka ngomhla we-5 ukuya kwe-15 emva kokuhlwayelwa, kwaye okokuqala kukhona ngexabiso lemikhosi. Ukuba i-dodder ayihlangabezi "nomntu onesondlo" esifanelekileyo, uyafa.

I-Dodder - i-plant-parasite: amanyathelo okulwa

Ukulahla i-dodder kunzima kakhulu, kuba isenzo samachiza amachiza akenzi lutho olubi. Ukutshabalalisa lo lukhula kuphela ngesityalo ngokwaso. Amanyathelo okukhusela asebenzayo ajoliswe ekukhuseleni ukubonakala kwendawo enjalo enobungozi bendalo kwisayithi.

Ukutyala kwezityalo ezilinywayo kuyadingeka ukuba kuveliswe imbewu ngaphandle kwendawo yokutya kunye neendawo ezicocekileyo. Kufuneka ukuba kwenziwe ukuvunyelwa kwezityalo ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe umlinganiselo wokuhlanzeka kwabo, ukuhlolwa kwe-phytopathological and measures quarantine. Ukuhlwayela izityalo, kufuneka ukhethe indawo ezicocekileyo. Kwimimandla yokulima okunkcenkceshwayo ukuhluma kwembewu yokhula kuyakhuthazwa ngumthombo wokunyuka kwentwasahlobo kunye nokwindla. Xa i-dodder ibonakala kwizityalo zengca engapheliyo, ukugqibela ngaphambi kokuqala kwemifuno kunye nokutshala kwe-dodder kuyadingeka ukuba ifakwe. Eyona nto isebenzayo ngokukhawuleza yintlambo esifike ngexesha elichasene nomhlaba, i-95% yeziqu zifumaneka kumgama osondeleyo ukusuka kumhlaba womhlaba, ovumela ukuba kunqunyulwe umgangatho ophantsi, kulula ukuwasusa entsimini kunye ne-hay. Ukucoca ngokujulile komhlaba, 25-30 cm.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungavumeli ukuvela kokhula oluyingozi kwindawo leyo, phakathi kwayo kukho i-plant-parasite dodder. Kwaye ukulwa nabo ngokusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo okukhusela okuthintelo kuya kuncitshiswa.