I-Pavel Filonov: i-biography yomculi

I-Filonov uPavel Nikolaevich - umdwebi obalaseleyo waseRashiya, umculi odwebayo, imbongi, umbhali wezobugcisa. Wazalelwa kwiintsapho ezihluphekileyo eMoscow ngo-1883. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, kwafuneka abhekane nobunzima kunye nobunzima. Ngenkwenkwezi yasekuqaleni, wafumana ubomi bakhe ngokuba wayebuyisela iifoto, wafaka iibhokisi zetekisi kunye ne-napkins, iipowers kunye neepakethi zeempahla. I talente yenkwenkwe yokudweba ibonakala ineminyaka emithathu okanye emine.

Ngo-1897, wathuthela eSt. Petersburg, apho waqala ukuthatha izifundo zokudweba. Ngowe-1908, eneminyaka eyi-25 ubudala, i-Filonov yangena kwi-Academy yezobuGcisa ePetersburg, kodwa ngo-1910 yaxoshwa kuyo, ngenxa yokuba yazama ukuvukela ubuncwane bee-professors ze-academy ezazibeka imilinganiselo yeklasi kubafundi babo. Ukususela ngelo xesha wazama ukuzimisela njengomculi ozimeleyo, ongavumiyo kwizithethe eziqhelekileyo ezamkelweyo. Enyanisweni, uPavel Filonov wathetha ngokubhekiselele kokungqinelana kweklasi kunye ne-vanguard ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane, eyi-Cubism kunye ne-Futurism. Ukucaphukisa ngemigqaliselo yejometri kunye nemimiselo yolu bugcisa, wayekholelwa ukuba abameli bezo zikhokelo ziguqulela imvelo kakhulu, zijolise kuphela kwimimiselo yayo emibini: umbala kunye nefomu.

Ngokwenene ufundiswa ngokwabo, umntu onamandla okuqonda, umculi akazange athengise imifanekiso yakhe kwaye akabhali nto yokuyalela. Izifundo ezizimeleyo ekudwebeni uPavel Filonov wathabatha ku-Lev Evgrafovich Dmitriev-Caucasian, ubhala ngebhesi, umququzeleli kunye nomdwebi, ehambele "Iworkshop yabafundi." Ngomnyaka we-1911, umculi uhamba ngohambo. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu uhamba ngezinyawo kwiRashiya, eMbindi Mpuma, e-Itali naseFransi. Ukuhlawula ukutya kunye nendawo yokuhlala, wayifaka izindonga ezindlwini apho wafumana khona indawo yokuhlala.

Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala, uPavel Filonov Wayekhwela kwiRomania ngaphambili. Ngokuchanekileyo wathatha u- Oktobha Revolution, wakhethwa nguSihlalo webhunga elilawulayo kwingingqi yaseDanube. Ukubuyela kwiPetrograd, wasungula i-studio yecala, apho wayidala khona indawo yeemidlalo, imizekeliso yesiqhelo saseFinnish uKalavala.

Imisebenzi emibini, ebhalwe ngo-1910, ilindele ukuphuhliswa kwendlela yokuhlalutya yomculi. Le yiyo "Intsapho yasekhaya" kunye "neentloko", ngenxa yokuba uPavel Filonov wagxothwa kwi-Academy. Abahlalutyi babengayiqondi.

"Imihlaba yeentyantyambo" - igama elinikezelwa kwinkqubo yomculi wobugcisa bokuhlalutya, obangelwa yimvavanyo yecube-futuristic awayeyenza ngo-1913-1915. Ibonakala ngeendlela ezichanekileyo kunye neendlela ezininzi - umfanekiso udala ukusuka kwinqanaba ukuya kumfanekiso jikelele ("njengenkozo ehlumayo") yeyona nto ibhetele yezibetho kunye neepensele ebukhali kwindawo ephantsi. Imifanekiso inemiqondo emininzi (njengokwiCubism), kodwa isekelwe kwimimiselo yodwa, isimo se-futurism. Ifilosofi yomculi yacaciswa kumsebenzi othi "Iifle zeHlabathi zeBloom" ngowe-1915. Emva koko yahlaziywa kwaye yapapashwa ngendlela "Isibhengezo" ngo-1923, xa uFilonov Pavel Nikolaevich wamiselwa njengomfundisi kwi-Academy of Arts. "Iingcamango zobugcisa bokuhlalutya" zapapashwa ngo-1930.

Nangona ukuba i-talente yakhe ephawulekayo yaziwa kwi-1920s, umculi kamva akafumani ukuqonda ekugxeka. Ukubonakaliswa kwakhe kwiMyuziyam yaseRussia yayivumelekile, kodwa abafundi bakhe nabahlobo bamshiya. UMikhail Larionov noNatalia Goncharova bafuduka, uVelimir Khlebnikov wafa. Yena ngokwakhe akazange azame ukwenza nantoni na ukufumana nayiphi na indlela yokuphuma, kuba wayengenakuxhomekeka kwinto ephosakeleyo. Wenqabe ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso eParis, eDresden, eVenice, eU.SA. UFilonov wayefuna ukuba imisebenzi yakhe ibonakale kuqala ekhaya, iphupha lokudala imyuziyam yobugcisa bokuhlalutya. Izihlandlo kathathu waligatya isibonelelo sokuthatha isithuba seprofesa kwi-Academy of Arts, eshukumisa isigqibo sakhe sokuba wayesaba ukungangqinelani nesimo sakhe. Ngee-1930, imeko yezobomi yatshintsha ngakumbi. Kodwa nangona kwakunzima, waqhubeka nokukhangela kwakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ukulamba nokubanda kwaphumelela. NgoDisemba 3, 1941, ekuqaleni kokungqingwa kweLeningrad, uPavel Filonov wafunyanwa efile endlwini yakhe.