I-Kazan Kremlin: ifoto kunye nokuphononongwa kwabakhenkethi. I-Annunciation Cathedral yeKazzan Kremlin

Inkunzi yeTatarstan - enye yeziko elidala kakhulu lempucuko-lidla ngokuba libizwa ngokuthi "isixeko seempawu ezizodwa". Kwaye inene, izizukulwana ezininzi zenzululwazi kunye nootitshala, iibongozi kunye nabaphathi, abaphathi kunye namaqhawe nje akhule kwizityebi kwiziganeko kunye nezithethe zelizwe laseKazan. Imbali yesi sixeko idibaniswe neenjongo zeDerzhavin, iPushkin, Shalyapin, uL. Tolstoy, uLobachevsky nabanye.

Ulwazi jikelele

I-Kazan ngokwemigangatho yayo yamagugu kunye nokulondolozwa kwelifa lemveli lilingana nelingana neendlela ezinjengeSt. Petersburg okanye eMoscow. Emva koko, akuyiyo into yokuba ithathwa njengongxowankulu yesithathu yaseRussia. Izikhumbuzo zayo zokwakha zixabisa kakhulu imbali yaseRashiya. Kwaye kwakunjengobunjenge-Syuyumbike - intonga ewayo, isakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke amaxesha ka-Ivan the Terrible, iChegoveshchensky Cathedral yaseKazan Kremlin, ubunzima beNkundla yaseCannon (kusekho ukususela kwixesha likaPeter Omkhulu) elondolozwe nanamhlanje, liyamangalisa ngeendlela zalo zobugcisa. Ukongezelela, iHlabathi yeRhuluneli kunye ne-msil-sharif, i-mosque yamkela i-heritage heritage world.

Ngaphantsi kwemibutho ye-UNESCO ithathwe kwaye yodwa ikhona kwinqaba yeTatar yehlabathi, eyakhiwe emininzi eminyaka edluleyo kwaye igcinwe impawu zayo zangaphambili. Le yiKazzan Kremlin, isithombe esivela ngasemva esiza ekhaya bonke abatyeleli abaye ba tyelela esi sixeko.

IParele yaseTatarstan

Izakhiwo zokuqala kwintsimi yenkqantosi yabonakala ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi elinanye. Kwakuloo ndlela izizwe zaseBulgaria zahlala entabeni apho isakhiwo sasendulo sasihlotshisiwe, saqala ukuseka umkhosi wamapolisi-iKazzan Kremlin.

I-Kazan yaphuhliswa, kwaye i-citadel kunye ne-mausoleums kunye nemikhosi yama-mosque yahlala kwada kwaphakathi kwekhulu le-16. Kodwa ngowe-1552 loo mzi wawubhujiswa ngokupheleleyo ngu-Ivan oyi-Terrible. Ngaloo nyaka, ukwakhiwa kwesinye, inqaba entsha yaseRussia ebhankini loMlambo weVolga yaqalwa. Yakhiwa ngabaphathi be-Pskov, eholwa nguPostnik Yakovlev no-Ivan Shirya.

ZoLwakhiwo

I-Kazan Kremlin yenziwe ngodonga lwangaphambili lwenqaba. Yakhelwe ngokupheleleyo kumhlophe weLolga. Iinqaba zeeKazzan Kremlin kwinani lesibhozo ezisibhozo zibuyela kwikhulu leshumi elinesibhozo. Ngexesha elifanayo i-Annunciation Cathedral yakhiwa. Kancinci kamva-kwinqanaba leshumi elinesibhozo - kwakhiwa iSyuyumbike - inqaba ewayo. Ubunzima bezakhiwo kwiNkundla yeCannon kunye neZikolo zeJunkers zakhiwe ngekhulu leshumi elinesithoba, kunye ne-Kul-Sharif Mosque namhlanje.

Intaba apho iKazzan Kremlin eyakhiwe ijikelezwe ngamacala amathathu ngamanzi. Kwakungendawo efanelekileyo yokwakha inqaba. Iinqaba zokuqala zezizwe zaseBulgaria ezibonakalayo zivela emanxwemeni omlambo omncinci ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi neshumi elinanye, nangona ezinye zezinto zakudala zifumene ubungqina bokuthi ukuhlaliswa kwesi siza kwakuninzi ngaphambili.

Imbali yeKazzan Kremlin

Iinqaba zelitye zakhiwa ukwenzela ukukhusela umda osemntla we- Volga Bulgaria. Ngaphakathi kwekhulu le-13 leminyaka, amabutho aseMongolia, aphethwe nguKhan Baty, aye phambili kakhulu kwimpuma eYurophu. Umgaqo we-Golden Horde wawusungula kuphela eRus naseCrimea. Ngelo xesha, iBulgaria yawa, yajika yaba yiphondo laseMongolia.

Emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwesixeko saseBulggar, i-capital capital entsha yathunyelwa eKazan. I-Kremlin yendawo yaba yindawo yokuhlala komlawuli, kwaye isixeko ngokwawo saqanjwa kwakhona. Kodwa abahlali bendawo abazange bamkele igama elitsha, ngoko ke iinqununu zaqala ukubizwa ngokuba nguKazan ulus.

Emva kokufa kwe-Golden Horde ngowe-1438, kwakhiwa iKhanate emele. Umsebenzi osebenzayo waqalisa ukuqinisa iindonga zamatye eKremlin. Bathi, ngokubhaliweyo, baba "ngumkhosi ongenakufikeleleka".

Kwintsimi yayakhiwa ibhotwe kunye nemikhosi yama-mosque - ilitye Nur-Ali kunye neKhanskaya yokhuni, eyabizwa ngokuba yiSedid-Sharif. Nguye lowo ngo-1552 owayekhusele iKazzan Kremlin kumajoni ka-Ivan oThusayo.

Nqanaba laseRashiya

Kuze kube namhlanje, akukho sakhiwo esisodwa se-khan esasinda. Ngaphezu koko, xa i-Kazan Kremlin yaba yinqaba yaseRussia phakathi kwekhulu leshumi elinesithandathu, iicawa zeOthodoki zaqala ukwakhiwa kwiindawo zezakhiwo zamaSulumane - "indawo yokungathembeki". Ngaphandle kweSyuyumbike, ukuya kutsho kwekhulu leshumi elinesibhozo, ngokuchanekileyo kubangelwa kwizakhiwo zeKhanya, yakhiwa kamva kamva, sele ikhona ngexesha lamaRussia. Kwaye ubungqina bezinto zizinto ezininzi, ubugcisa babo, ngakumbi iipilast kunye neendawo zokufumana imifanekiso.

Emva kokuwunqoba kwesi sixeko, u-Ivan the Terrible wathumela abakhi bezakhiwo apho. Baqala isakhiwo esitsha. Okokuqala, izakhiwo ezisemgangathweni - iithempeli kunye neendonga - zakhiwe ngeenkuni. Kukholelwa ukuba yokuqala yelitye yakhiwa ibandla elincinane ngokuhlonipha uSt. Nicholas uMmangaliso.

Residence Residence

Ngesiqingatha sokuqala sekhulu leshumi elinesithoba, uNicholas ndigqiba ukuba igosa lorolophu liya kwenza imisebenzi yegunyana likaTsar. Ngexesha elifanayo kwacetywa ukuba i-Kazan Kremlin, enezithombe ezibonisa ubunqamlezo balo bunzulu bendalo, iya kuba yindawo yokuhlala. Ngokumalunga nalokhu, kwakhiwa indlu yaseburhuluneli. Isakhiwo sakhiwe ngumakhi weConstantine Ton. Unengcamango yokudala e-Kazan isalathiso esincinci seNdlunkulu yaseGrand Kremlin. Ngethuba lokwakha umsebenzi, uNicholas mna wayebukele ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo saba ngumzekelo obalaseleyo womdlalo waseRussia-Byzantine othanda iKazzan Kremlin.

Uhambo

Kwimbali yayo yeminyaka eyinkulungwane, ubunzima bezikhumbuzo zezakhiwo ziye zatshintsha ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukubonakala kwayo. Kodwa amaqhosha emikhosi yasendulo kunye neendonga, awangcwatyelwa ngaphantsi komhlaba, kunye nabangcwaba abaninzi, baye bahlala namhlanje. Ngoku kwintsimi yeendwendwe ivula iminyuziyamu yaseKazzan Kremlin, ayizinikele kuphela kule nqaba yasendulo, kodwa ngokubanzi imbali yabantu, isiko lobuSulumane kunye nobume balo mmandla. Kukho isikhumbuzo seMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic inkumbulo amawaka amathathu anamahlanu amawaka aseTataristani angabuya phambili.

Spassky Tower

Into yokuqala abakhenkethi abayibonayo ifanelekile kwiKazzan Kremlin yiNtshonalanga yaseSpasskaya. Yenziwe ngesitayela saseBulgaria kwaye isithsaba nge-ukhozi ekhanda kabini. Inqaba yakhiwa ngawo-1660. Kwahlaziywa kwakhona kwakhona kwakhona.

Ukongeza kwi-Spasskaya Tower, ezinye izisixhenxe ezifanayo zigcinwe kwintsimi yenkqantosi: iVoskresenskaya, Ukuguqulwa koMguquko, uMzantsi-mpuma kunye neSouth-Western, i-Consistorial, Bezymyannaya kunye neTainitskaya.

Süümbike

Ingqwalasela ephambili kwintsebenzo ibetha umdlalo. Ngaphezulu kwePisa edumileyo kwiimitha ezimbini, le nqaba yaqalisa isithende kwangoko emva kokugqitywa kokwakhiwa. Ngama-1930, i-angle yokuthambekela kwayo yayifike kwindawo ephawulekayo yamamitha angamashumi amabini anesibhozo nesibhozo. Kwaye ukuba kwakungengenxa yokubuyiselwa kunye nemisebenzi yokuqinisa, umqulu wayo wawuza kuba mkhulu.

Inqaba yeSyuyumbike ibizwa ngokuba ngumqondiso wezakhiwo zokwakheka we-Tatarstan. Ukucinga ngoKazan ngaphandle kokuba akunakwenzeka, njengeYiputa ngaphandle kwama-pyramid, neParis ngaphandle kwe-Eiffel Tower.

Isalathisi esibalulekileyo salesi sakhiwo sinomdla wabakhenkethi, kwaye iimbali kunye neengcinga ezixeliweyo zixelile ngokwenene. Nantsi enye yazo. U-Ivan oyiNkqantosi, owawunqoba uKazan, wamthanda ukumkanikazi omhle. Nangona kunjalo, i-Syuyumbike enhle, eyayifumana isisombululo somtshato esivela kwi-Tsar yaseRashiya, yabeka imeko: ukwakha kwiintsuku ezisixhenxe inqaba, engasayi kubakho inqaba. Ngelo xesha, isifiso sakhe sazaliseka. Futhi uSyuyumbike ngokwakhe, ocinga ukuba unqume ukuthetha abantu bakhe abathandekayo, wakhuphukela esi sakhiwo waza wagijimela kuyo. Ukususela ngoko iinqaba ziqalise isithende phantsi ...

Igosa leRhu lumente

Isakhiwo esiqhayisayo asikho nje inkcubeko. Namhlanje, njengamaxesha amandulo, wenza imisebenzi yezopolitiko neyokuphatha. Ukuba ube yindlwini yobukhosi, namhlanje ibhotwe lihlala nguMongameli waseTatarstan. Kwizakhiwo ezininzi ezikufutshane nazo, amasebe kunye namasebe ahlukeneyo.

I-Annunciation Cathedral

Eneneni yezona zikhumbuzo ze-Russia ezigcinwe kwinqununu yale republic. I-Annunciation Cathedral yeKazzan Kremlin yasungulwa ngo-Oktobha 4, 1552 ngemiyalelo ka-Ivan the Terrible. Icawa yeenkuni yahlulwa ngemihla emithathu kuphela kwiindawo ezinxweme. Kwaye kwakuba ngumhla wesithandathu wenyanga leyo yahlanjululwa ngozuko lwe-Annunciation of Virgin Virgin. Inxalenye ephambili yomsebenzi wabangcwele abaninzi baseKazan inxulumene nale nkundla eyingqayizivele, apha bangcwatywa. Ayikho embi igcinwe kwaye isisele sobhishophu wokuqala wale diocese - uMbhishophu omkhulu uGuria. Kwaye kwicala langasempuma kwodonga ngandlela-thile ulondoloze ngokugqithiseleyo i-fresco endala ebonisa umfanekiso woMsindisi ongenziwanga ngezandla.

Mosque Sharif

Izikhumbuzo zeKazlin Kremlin kwoluhlu lwazo ziquka isakhiwo samanje, kodwa esihle kakhulu. Lo ngumsikiti we-Kul-Sharif. Ngesihlandlo sokuqala i-namaz ecacileyo kuyo yavakala ngoJuni 24, 2005. Libizwa ngegama lika-Said Kul-Sharif. Kwakuyi-imam yale mosque ebizwa ngokuba ngu-Al-Kabir, eyayikho apha ngexesha leKazan Khanate kwaye yachithwa ngamajoni ka-Ivan the Terrible.

Namhlanje, i-Kul-Sharif ithathwa njengento yokuhlawula imemori kunye nokuhlonela ookhokho obude. I-mosque yindlela yokuqala yohlobo lwezakhiwo kunye nezithethe, eziqhelekileyo kwihlabathi lamaSulumane.

Kul-Sharif yakhiwe kwaye ngoku iqhutywe njenge-mosque enkulu kubo bonke abaTatars abahlala kwiplanethi. Le ngqungquthela yesonto le-Moslem yesiShayam, ngoko iNamaz ifundwa kuyo akukho ngaphezu kweyodwa ngosuku. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abakhenkethi beza kumkhosini, apho kungabikho iiveki okanye iholide.

Ndingafika njani?

I-Kazan Kremlin isebhankini lasekhohlo likaMama Volga. Unokufika khona ngeebhasi 6, 29, 37, 35, 47 kunye nezinye iindlela, nge-trolley bus, kunye ne-metro. Kufuphi naso isiteshi "Kremlyovskaya" yakhiwa. Abo bafika ngezothutho zorhulumente, unokuya kwindawo yokuyeka "TSUM", "st. Bauman "," iNtlalantle yezemidlalo "okanye" iCentral Stadium ".

Ukungena kummandla weKazzan Kremlin kukhululekile. Unokungena ngesango ukusuka kwicala laseSpassky Tower.

Uphononongo

Emva kwenguqulelo, ubunzima bezakhiwo zobugcisa babonakaliswe kakubi. Kodwa xa kwiminyaka engama-90 ekhulwini lokugqibela i-Kazan Kremlin yamkela isikhundla soMongameli waseTatarstan, umsebenzi wokubuyisela waqala apha. Namhlanje abakhenkethi bayibiza le nqaba yamandulo indawo yokuqala yomzi, nganye inentimitha ephawulwa yimbali.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo, umsebenzi waqala ukuhlaziywa kweMosque Sharif. Kwaye namhlanje libhekwa njengelona likhulu kunazo zonke eYurophu. Kwaye ngo-2003, kwakhiwa umfanekiso ofuziselayo kwisikwere kufuphi neCathedral yaseAn Annunciation. Kwabizwa ngokuba yi "Architects ye-Kazan Kremlin". Ukususela kwimifanekiso abakhi bezakhiwo - isiRashiya kunye nesiTatar - jonga imisebenzi yabo. Emva koko, isiqhamo somsebenzi wabo-isakhiwo esiyingqungquthela yokwakha - sidalwe kwaye sivuselelwe yimigudu yezi zimbini.

Abakhenkethi bayakhononda: ukuhlolwa kwazo zonke iindwendwe zeKazlin Kremlin, enye intsuku okanye ezimbini zanele. Abanye, abo banqongophe ngexesha, bakhetha uhambo lokubona. Ihlala isiqingatha kwiiyure ezimbini kunye neendleko malunga neeruble ezingamakhulu amathandathu kwiqela labantu abayishumi. Ininzi yazo zonke iindwendwe zihlaziywa yiKhanhedral ye-Annunciation yeKazzan Kremlin. Ukwakhiwa kwamhlophe ngekhephu kunye ne-blue blue-domes, ngokwamakholwa amaninzi, ngokugqithiseleyo kuguqula umbono wabo.

Ukuqala kwesi sikhokelo seKazan Kremlin badibana kunye nefa le-UNESCO. Ixabiso eliyingqayizivele lezinto ezixakekayo - amangqina ekuwa kunye nokuphakama kwabantu abahlala kwisiqephu seVolga ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, - abo baye batyelela apha bayaqiniseka ukuba bayayiphawula iimpendulo zabo.