Bay Bridge - Ibhuloho phakathi kweSan Francisco neAuckland

Ibhuloho phakathi kweSan Francisco neAuckland (echazwe ngezantsi) ngokufanelekileyo ibhekwa njengommangaliso wokwakha. E-US, kuyaziwa ngokuba yiBridge Bridge. Akunjalo njengotyelelo lwabavakhenkethi njengeSango leMigcobo, kodwa libaluleke kakhulu kulo mmandla.

Imfuneko yokulungiselela

Ngowe-1869 intsimi yase-United States yayixhunywe ngumzila wesitimela. Ngelo xesha, iSan Francisco ithathwa njengeyona megapolis enkulu kunxweme lasePacific. Ukusuka kwendlela ephakamileyo yabemi bayo bahlukaniswa yiBay yaseSt. Francis. Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, izikhulu zedolophu zaqala ukukhuthaza imbono yokuba kwakudingeka ukwakha ibhuloho phakathi kweSan Francisco ne-Oakland. I-San Francisco ingahle ilahlekelwe yimpembelelo kunye nesimo sayo. Ngokukhawuleza, ikomiti edibeneyo yamiselwa, amalungu ayo aqala ukuphuhlisa aze axoxe ngesicwangciso sokwakha insimbi eyintloko. Ngaphambi kokuqala komsebenzi kwakukho ixesha elininzi, kodwa kwasekuqaleni ukusekwa.

Ukuyila

Emva kwempikiswano ende kunye neengxoxo, icebo lilungiselelwe ukwakhiwa kwesibonelelo, ngokubhekiselele kuyo, ukwakha kwakuza kuqala ngeAuckland. Ngendlela yayo, ukwakhiwa kwakufuneka ukuba kudlule i-Goat Island, eyayiza kuwela i-tunnel. Le ngcamango yahlwaywa ngokukhawuleza. Ingongoma kukuba kule ndawo i-bay yayingenakulinganiswa kwaye inzulu. Kule nkalo, iphrojekthi, eyayilungiselelwe ukwakha ibhuloho yaseSan Francisco-Oakland, yahlehliswa ixesha elide.

Amagosa asezidolophini abuyela kule ngcamango kuphela kwimashumi amabini ekhulwini lokugqibela. Kwakungoku ngeli xesha ukuqala kwenqwelo yemoto e-United States yawa. Icandelo lophuhliso lobunjineli sele seluvumelekile ukusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo sokumiswa, kwaye asixhasi, ngoko ke kwagqitywa ukuba kusetyenziswe le projekthi endala ngeenguqu ezifanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngeli xesha kwakukho enye ingxaki. Kwakunxulumene nendawo kwindawo yaseKozlin Island ye-US Navy. Kuphela emva kokukhuthazwa okubuhlungu kule ngqungquthela kwiCongress, ekuqaleni kuka-1931, imvume yafunyanwa ukuqala ukwakhiwa. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba isiseko saqhubeka sisebenza kwisiqithi kude kube ngo-1977.

Ukwakhiwa

Ibhuloho phakathi kweSan Francisco neAuckland yaqalwa ngoJulayi 9, 1933. Umsebenzi wokwakha waholwa ngumakhi wezakhiwo owaziwayo uRalph Modzeski. Ikontraki yayiyinkampani ye-American Bridge. Ngethuba lokwakha iBrad Bridge, zonke izakhono zobuchwephesha ezaziwa kakhulu kwaye ziyaziwa kakhulu. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kunokwenzeka ukufakwa okuthembekileyo kwenkxaso yenkxaso, iinjineli zenze inkqubo yobuchwepheshe. Ubume balo kukuba kwakuqwalaselwe uhlobo lomhlaba phantsi kwe-bay kunye nobunzulu. Ngendlela efanayo, abakhi baqala ukudala kwisiqithi se-tunnel, ubude obuyiimitha ezili-160, kwaye ububanzi bungama-23 mamitha. Ngaloo ndlela, irekhodi lomhlaba lalisetyenziswe ngelo xesha.

Ukufumanisa

Umsebenzi wokwakha wahlala ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu. Ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kwabo, inani lokurekhoda lekhonkrit nensimbi lichithwe. NgoNovemba 12, ngo-1936, kwenziwa umkhosi osisigxina, apho ibhuloho phakathi kweSan Francisco neAuckland yavulwa. Waye tyelelwa nguRhuluneli uFrank Mariam. Emva kwentetho yentetho, yena kunye ne-gas welding wayinqumla "ibhendi", eyayiyiloni. Ngaphezulu komhla wokuqala wokusebenza kwesakhiwo, yawela ngaphaya kweemoto ezingaphezu kwama-120,000. Ngozuko lovulo lweziko, iinqanawa zemikhosi yamanxweme zize zilungiselele umboniso wokukhanya.

Ukususela kwiintsuku zokuqala zeBrad Bridge, iindleko zokuhamba ngeentente ezingama-65. Le nto yayicingwa njengemali ephezulu kakhulu, kwaye emva kokuphononongwa okubalulekileyo, izikhulu zedolophu zanciphisa intengo kuma-25 entente.

Urhulumente namhlanje

Ibhuloho ephakathi kweSan Francisco neAuckland yakha isakhiwo esinezixhobo ezi-7.2 ubude. Iqukethe iindawo ezimbini. Umntu wokuqala udibanisa iSan Francisco ngeSiqithi seGoat, ukunyakaza kweemoto ezenzeka kwi-tunnel ye-160-meter. Inxalenye yesibini iphonswa phakathi kwesi siqithi kunye neAuckland. Intlawulo iyahlawulwa. Iindleko zalo zi-dollar ezi-7. Kuhlawulwa kuphela xa usuka empumalanga ukuya entshonalanga. Omabini amanqanaba anemizila emihlanu yeemoto. Ububanzi bawo bonke buyi-17.5 m. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ngaphambili inxalenye esezantsi yayisetyenziselwa ukuhamba kweetroliwe, kodwa imilayezo yachithwa ngo-1963. Ukususela ngelo xesha, kwiimoto ezihamba ngeenyawo zihamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Into ebangel 'umdla

Ukuphakama "iBridge Bridge" kwindawo ephakamileyo ngamamitha angama-57. Ngaphezu koko, kwindawo yokuhlala kuyo kukho iziqhwithi ezinamandla. Xa isimo sezulu sikhawuleza, ukubonakala apha kuhla kakhulu, ngoko ke, emva kokufikelela kwinxalenye ephambili yesakhiwo, umhlaba awukwazi ukubonwa. Akumangalisi ukuba abanye abaqhubi bayesaba ukuhamba kuyo. Ingakumbi kubantu abanjalo, ukulawulwa kwebhuloho kunika inkonzo yokuqala. Iqulethwe kukuba inqaku elincinci lomyalelo weenkulungwane ezili-dollar umqhubi wobuchwephesha uqhuba imoto ngaphesheya kwebhuloho phakathi kweSan Francisco neAuckland kunoma iyiphi na indlela. Umnini we sithuthi ngeli xesha uvele wanyatheliswa kwisihlalo somgibeli.