I inoveli "Umsi": isishwankathelo. Turgenev IS, "Umsi": isebenza uhlalutyo

Eli nqaku liza kuhlaziywa ze acazululwe omnye imisebenzi sakudala odumileyo Russian ebizwa ngokuba "Umsi" (isishwankathelo). Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich abaninzi abemi bayazi, kunokuba kuphela imisebenzi yakhe nokubhala, nto leyo iminyaka emininzi zifakiwe kwikharityhulam yesikolo.

image Nedlac female

Ethetha Turgenev, mhlawumbi, abaninzi engqondweni afike kwaoko edume "Mumu", "Ooyise and Sons" yaye "Asia". Kodwa ucinga ukuba inoveli eyahlukileyo kuzo zonke ezinye. umfanekiso noyinkazana Heroine Irina ndithi kude lisuswe kumfanekiso yemveli 'intombazana Turgenev kaThixo "yaye singatsho ukuba ngokupheleleyo eyahlukileyo. Njengoko umthetho, ngemisebenzi Ivan Sergeyevich ubhalo imazi ivele ngendlela esulungekileyo nabamsulwa - kuba intombazana benendelelo yaye ezinobuhle.

Irina Osinina - enye imisebenzi engundoqo abalinganiswa ababhinqileyo, waye malunga ngokupheleleyo nemvukelo amantombazana Turgenev kaThixo. umfanekiso wakhe kakhulu ngenkalipho, ezele ukuhlekwa nokubhuqa abanye. kuyo Malunga kuthethwa njengoko indlalifa "ingqondo nomsindo 'ukuba Heroine Turgenev yeyona uhlobo ububhanxa.

Umahluko phakathi 'umsi "eminye imisebenzi ngumbhali

Roman Turgeneva "Umsi" yahlukile kwezinye imisebenzi yakhe kuphela ebusweni Heroine ababhinqileyo kunye nendlela Nedlac ukuba umbhali. Kulo msebenzi, umlinganiswa ophambili, njengokuba elinjalo alikho.

Umlinganiswa engundlunkulu kusekho, yaye emva kokufunda imisebenzi kuba kucacile ukuba lo Litvinov. Kodwa wenza ngenxa yesizathu esithile ukuthi awubonakali umlinganiswa ophambili, kodwa ubhalo kuphela kubomi bemihla ngemihla kunye yesiqhelo yemihla ngemihla apho umfundi unakho abalozayo evela ngaphandle.

Intsingiselo efihlakeleyo inoveli

Abanye abagxeki bhala ukuba ngenxa yokwamkela onjalo Turgenev ( "Umsi", isishwankathelo izahluko nesicebisa ukuba ukujonga abo Andinaxesha ukugqiba umsebenzi) wayefuna ukubonisa isimo sabo nexesha, achaza "bezgeroynomu".

ngokwenene Lo msebenzi eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka kumsebenzi wangaphambili kwaye zibhalwe emva Ivan Sergeyevich. Okubalulekileyo, ucinga i "Umsi" (isishwankathelo): Turgenev yena ingqalelo wakhe okuphela luncedo, zichanekile kwaye nengqondo kunye nomsebenzi wabo. Akunamsebenzi nokuba oko bathi abafundi nabagxeki lo msebenzi, kufuneka sivume ukuba imbono yombhali unelungelo kuqala.

"Umsi" (isishwankathelo), Turgenev IS

Kakade ke, ukuba azive ngokupheleleyo isimo umsebenzi, kufuneka zifundwe kwi original. Kodwa ke ukuba ngenxa yaso nasiphi na isizathu oku akwenzeki, ukuze siqonde intsingiselo jikelele, siya ingakuvimba kunye version esishwankathelweyo.
Iziganeko zale inoveli "Umsi" ziqala ukukhula ngo-Agasti 1862, kwenye Spa German ekuthiwa Baden-Baden.

Umoya engaphandle kwabonakala evuya libalele. "Okhethiweyo" abaphulaphuli akhoyo kule iiholide wakhangela ngokwangaphandle bokwaneliseka, ubuso babo wabonisa ugcobe. Ezi cream yoluntu ezifanelekileyo kakhulu abingelele enye kwenye, kodwa phambili kucacile ukuba akukho nto bathi omnye komnye, yokuba hayi nakancane.

Turgenev kunokuba satirically uchaza khona apho. imvelaphi yazo jikelele simi, oko kubonakala kuphela umlinganiswa - indoda, usisi malunga 30 nomntu yindoda igama Litvinov. Uba umlinganiswa engundoqo yenoveli.

Inkcazelo umlinganiswa ophambili

Umlinganiswa ophambili yenoveli, Litvinov, wakhulela kuloo lali. Uyise umrhwebi usapho igosa umhlalaphantsi, kwaye noblewoman nonina-ofundileyo. Xa memoirs akhe ngaye wathi yena kakhulu ngehlombe kunye isidalwa nobubele. indoda yakhe Akumlumla ukusuka bafunge amagama, wabaqhuba waya endlwini yakhe, ukuzama ukubethelela kuyo yesiko yaseYurophu. abakhonzi bakhe bonke Unina Litvinov ebizwa nge "wena". Ngaloo nyaka, xa Litvinov waya ekholejini, waba wagula nesifo sephepha kunye wafa.

Le hero ayikwazanga kuziphumelela eyunivesithi. Kwikomkhulu, akazange ahlale ixesha elide, ngenxa yokuba isikhundla sakhe wayengekho ingakumbi umona: loo mfana zange abenayo I imali, kunye noqhagamshelo luncedo abengabawiselanga mthetho. Ekubeni amagama unina wakhe ongasekhoyo kwakungekho namnye ukulawula, kodwa kwixesha elide ukuphehla ingeniso elungileyo, Litvinov wagqiba ukuya phesheya baqeqeshwa ubugcisa apho ezintsha kunye neziseko namahlathi. Abanye ixesha elichithwa e Dresden, ngqalo Romana Litvinov nolangazelelo, yena ukholelwa ukuba ngoku into ihamba kakuhle, yaye uya kuba nako ukuxhamla ukusuka kolunye udini lwalo. E Baden-Baden ulindele ukuba umtshakazi wakhe Tatiana, apho ukulungele ungancedisani esandleni neqonga entsha ikamva lakhe.

Gumbini Turgenev intombazane - Tatiana

Umbhali, ngubani idume ngokukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi imifanekiso isulungekileyo ngabafazi - kukuthi, Kakade ke, umbhali yenoveli, sicinga - Ivan Turgenev. "Yokutshaya", nangona yokuba umlinganiswa ephakathi imazi libonakala hayi ncam okufana umfanekiselo umbhali, kungekhona ngaphandle. Into kuye eqaqambileyo kwaye ecacileyo kakhulu, kwaye Tatiana, umtshakazi Litvinov na yesazisi sakhe.

ukuqhubela phambili kwebali

Nangona Litvinov ulinde ngomtshakazi, kwaye ngelixa kude ixesha xa cafe, yena isondela Bambaev kuye umbhali ngokwakhe iyichaza, "indoda elungileyo, kodwa ngenxa yokuba inani engenanto ... oko kusoloko niyoyike nantoni na." Uthi Litvinov ukuba iiholide kweza Gubarev, mithetho leyo, yonke beengcamango ngandlel 'ithile.

Litvinov kunye Babayev, kwaye inkampani le Voroshilov ethile, yiya ihotele apho bahlala Gubarev kakhulu. Umsunguli ntlanganiso wamangaliswa uze udane xa ndeva ukuba Litvinov akanayo iimbono ucaca yezopolitiko. Ubiza Litvinova "ubuntwana." Ukuqwalasela imo lonke ayehlanganisene Gubarev "abakhethiweyo", kucaca ukuba inkoliso aba bantu uhletywa kuphela ukuzenzisa. Kwakhona zama ukuba nditsale inyama ethile uhlobo ukubaluleka, besithi, njengoko, enyanisweni, Banengqiqo nzulu na. Gubarev ngokwakhe kule ntlanganiso, Kakade ke, umntu engundoqo.

Le yingqokelela "free-iingcinga" abantu zibhekisela kulo kwisithixo liphezulu, yaye lonke ibandla waqhubeka ecela uluvo lwakhe kwimiba eyahlukeneyo. Gubarev Baphendula bonke ibinzana ezingacacanga, kodwa abaphulaphuli bakhe abanyanisekileyo kwangoko uchola ibinzana ngokungathi kuzo kukho intsingiselo enzulu yobukho bomntu. Litvinov ngokuthula kule ntlanganiso, ngoko ngokwenene ukuqonda ukuba konke kwenzeka ntoni.

Okulandelayo, adibana nabanye abalinganiswa - Potugin ukuba ngokungafaniyo iinkampani gubarevskoy ibonakale ngcono kakhulu. Kodwa yena imbono yakhe ngekamva Russia kwixesha elizayo - ukholelwa ukuba yonke into kufuneka bafunde ukusuka West. Emva kokuba incoko elide kunye Potugin Litvinov wabuyela egumbini lakhe ehotele yaye ifumana kuso isipha seentyatyambo. Kumkhonzi, uyeva ukuba ubazisele isipha waza washiya ethile lady twisiseka.

Irina - Nedlac Turgenev Heroine

Kubonakala ukuba kokuba yokuhlangana Tatiana Litvinov waba abazana ethile kunye nenekazi - Irinoy Osininoy. UTshawe wahlangana naye xa yena intombazana entle elinesixhenxe, uye ubuhle okhethekileyo. U fanele ku umkhaya ompofu njengenkosana, yaye waba neempawu ngokugqibeleleyo rhoqo, iinwele elungileyo emehlweni ubuhle emangalisayo.

Phakathi kwabantu abatsha kwakukho uvelwano, kwaye sele baqale ukwakha izicwangciso ezidityanelweyo ngekamva. Nokuphakama romance yabo yezikhulu Ball zicwangciselwe waza wagqiba ukuba Osinina Irina phandle. Wamelana ixesha elide, kodwa Litvinov nje ngokwakhe wanyanzelisa ukuba yena wathabatha inxaxheba kulo msitho apho watshintsha kwizibetho zayo.

Ezibonakala ibhola, ubuhle bakhe, Irina wenze yegadi yokwenene, nempumelelo yayo phakathi Cavaliers lalingafani. Esebenzisa le meko yaye waqonda ukuba kungekudala uya kukwazi ukwenza umdlalo nenzuzo, omnye izalamane Osinina kuthatha phezu ntle, simenze indlalifa yakhe aze athathe e Petersburg. Kwakhona Litvinov wathumela ukufunda ngaphandle, kwaye uqhagamshelwano phakathi abathandi ezaphukileyo ekugqibeleni.

Ukudibana nemizwa ezindala

Ukuba e Baden-Baden, Litvinov, ukuhamba, uyakhubeka phezu iqela iinjengele abaselula, abakhenkethi kwi ipikniki. Phakathi kwabo ubona Irene, ngubani na umfazi womnye kubo. Ukuphulaphula intetho emkhosini nokuqiqa kwabo malunga ngabantu Russian, Litvinov uyaqonda ukuba owayeyintombi yakhe ngoku kwindawo engaqhelekanga kakhulu kwizinto ezitenxileyo. Wadibana nje Litvinov, kuyabonakala ukuba eyinxulumanisa into sezilityelwe, kodwa isondele kakhulu kwaye dear, uqala ukukhangela ngakumbi nangakumbi iintlanganiso, emcela ukuba ubuncinane ngobuhlobo. Litvinov ngcembe luqala ngathi bonke ubomi bakhe wayemthanda kanye lo mfazi.

Turgenev - "Umsi": uhlalutyo imisebenzi kunye izinto uvuthondaba yoncwadi

Kakade ke, ukuze ukuhlalutya lo msebenzi, kufuneka ifundwe luphela. Kodwa emva kokufunda isishwankathelo imveliso "Umsi" Turgenev, umntu aqonde ukuba umbhali uzama ukuveza inkanuko igunya, indlala ngokomoya neengqondi yobuyatha ngendlela izangqa ethile yeengcungcu.

Kwimeko iziganeko ezichazwe "Umsi", kuye kucace ukuba ndaba iqela turgenevskoj ukugculelwa-iinjengele wabanumzana, kwakunye abasabela ngayo serf. Kwelinye icala, imveliso "Umsi" Turgenev kakhulu satirically ligxeka kwelinye icala 'lutshaba phambi "- yokushiywa olululo.

Kutheni imveliso ebizwa ngokuba 'Umsi "

Kwelinye icala, umsi ekunokuthiwa yonke imeko yezopolitiko iyinto inconcrete eRashiya, nto leyo iye yaphuhliswa amaxesha ezichazwe kwinoveli. Kwelinye icala, umlinganiswa ophambili kwi Turgenev i Izichasi umsi kunye nokungaqiniseki iimvakalelo zabo Irina Osinina kunye kutshata nayo, Tatyana.

imixholo Obungunaphakade ephakanyiswe imveliso

ababhali Classical wabiza abo ababhali singabanga kubizwa ngokuba engumzekelo kunye ezifanelekileyo ngexesha eyahlukileyo imisebenzi. Akumangalisi ukuba udidi yakudala kongezwa kunye Turgenev. "Umsi" (funda isishwankathelo ongayi kuba, ukuba akukho ukufikelela kwi original) kumngqina acuteness kunye nobunzulu iimbono zombhali. Kodwa isaziso ngokupheleleyo yaye baqonde oku kunokwenzeka kuphela xa xa ufunda lo msebenzi luphela. iinguqulelo Simplified le mveliso, njengoko umthetho, wayityatya ibali engundoqo kwaye ushiye ezona zinto zibalulekileyo.

Roman Turgeneva "Umsi", funda kwi original, yenza umfundi nonolwazelelelo ingqalelo ukuqonda ukuba ezininzi iingxaki Russia ngo 1867 wahlala ezifanelekileyo kuye unanamhla. Ngo omnye izahluko zale hero of Turgenev ngalisayo ibonisa into yokuba umntu nje ukwamkeleka ezilishumi Russian, ngoko nangoko baqala ukubonisa nzulu ngekamva weRashiya, isiphelo omkhulu weli lizwe. Kodwa yonke le intetho unsubstantiated ngokupheleleyo, bokuba yaye ziqhutywa kuphela ngokwalo jikelele.

Roman Turgeneva "Umsi" (isishwankathelo apho ekuqaleni kweli nqaku yenziwe) ibonisa ukuba abantu bethu basoloko esola West, ukholelwa ukuba ukubola. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, le mbono Western kakhulu, sisoloko cinga linegunya, kuphela echanekileyo ngandlel bayazise kubo.

ubuntu Turgenev xa uyakuphawula ngokucacileyo kakhulu ukuba abantu Russian ninam nje kubalulekile "inkosi", oko kukuthi, umntu lowo wayengakwazi oko, ukuba baphile, ukukhokela usoloko bexelelwa into abafanele ukuyenza. Ngapha koko, ukuba ngokoluvo eliphezulu ngumntu ngaye yaye uyazi ukuba umthetho ngayo, yena nje ufuna ukwazi indlela kakuhle kwaye kufuneka ukuphulaphula. Kwaye ngaphandle, kuzo zonke iimpazamo zabo neentsilelo, ukuba icala eli nene ethile.

A gentleman, yena, yamkhweletela abalimi eziqhelekileyo yaye kuyabonakala ukuba ukholelwa ukuba ayifakwanga ziyalinganiselwa kunye ngamaxhala ezingeyomfuneko kunye neengxaki, engcono kakhulu umntu elula kunaye, kuba ndicinga ukuba ngokuphelele ngeke kuyimfuneko, kwaye kufuneka nje ukwenza oko kuthiwa kuye. Ixesha kunye nomgudu ngophuhliso yokomoya impiliso umphefumlo wakhe wabasebenzi elula nzima kakhulu ngakumbi. "Ngoko ke yimani omnye nomnye, ngenxa yokuba ngamnye yaye baqubuda" - iliso satirical for Turgenev.

Ngu abalobi, ngubani ubone ngokucacileyo kakhulu zonke iingxaki zabantu Russian ngokufanelekileyo phakathi, Turgenev Ivan Sergeyevich. "Umsi" - inoveli apho unobuqhophololo waqaphela ukuba abantu Russian soloko baphila amathemba. zombini ezweni lawo umthiyile kwaye uyakuthanda zingqondweni. Nangona into yokuba akukho nto yenzekayo ekhaya yaye akatshintshi, abantu Russian basoloko babehlala ngethemba lokuba bonke ngonaphakade kuya kuba ngcono. Ukuze uqonde into ephilayo ngenkulungwane Russian 19 kwaye siqonde mood yonke xesha, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukufunda inoveli "Umsi" (isishwankathelo).

ngokwenene Turgenev wakwazi wayekwazi ukuchaza ubomi bemihla abantu abaqhelekileyo, Litvinov, amava yakhe, uzilahle ngokweemvakalelo phakathi abafazi ababini, kwaye ngaxeshanye zibonisa ngokuchanileyo lo moya sexesha kunye nemeko ngokubanzi imicimbi eRashiya, apho ezinxulumene unanamhla.