I-Chelyabinsk: inombolo kunye neempawu zabahlali

I-Chelyabinsk yintliziyo ye-Eurasia. Esi sixeko soshishino sasiyazi amaxesha ahlukeneyo. Ngoku, mhlawumbi, akusekho ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kodwa lithandeka kubantu balo kunye nembali. Siza kukuxelela malunga nenani labantu baseChelyabinsk, yintoni ephawulekayo ngala bantu kunye nesixeko.

Imbali yokuhlala

I-Chelyabinsk iye yaphuhlisa imbali yayo ukususela ngo-1736, xa kwakhiwa inqaba kweso sixeko saseBashkir ukukhusela indlela ukusuka eTrans-Ural ukuya e-Orenburg. Kancinci inqaba yaba yindawo enkulu yempi, i-Cossacks ihlala apha, inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo ebomini belizwe. Ngokukodwa, kwimfazwe ka-1812 iiCosacks zaseChelyabinsk zazibonisa ubugorha obukhulu. Ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka isixeko siphila ubomi boxolo be-azzd. Oku kwaqhubeka de kwafunyanwa umgodi wegolide kufuphi nomzi. Oku kwavusa "ukukhawuleza kwegolide" kwaye kwaholela kwisixeko umlambo omkhulu wabahlali abatsha.

Kancinci, iChelyabinsk, amandla ayo ekhula ngokukhawuleza, iya kuba yintloko yezoqoqosho kwezo ndawo. Umzila ujongwa apha, iindawo zokuthengisa kunye nezindlu zokurhweba zivuliwe kwisixeko. Inani labahlali likhula ngokukhawuleza. Kwesihlandlo sesibini esixakekileyo ebomini besixeko safika ngowe-1940, xa kwakuvulwa amaqela amashishini amakhulu amashishini apha. Kwiminyaka ye-50 ye-20 yekhulu le-20 isixeko sisebenza ngokukhawuleza, amaziko emfundo amaninzi avuliwe apha. Ekupheleni kwexesha lamaSoviet, iChelyabinsk yavelisa ngaphezu kwesigxina sonke isinyithi kweli lizwe, inani elikhulu leemibhobho kunye noomatshini bendlela. Ixesha le-post-perestroika lakhokelela ekubeni inxalenye yemveliso yancitshiswa, kodwa ngo-2000 imeko iya kuphucula kancane.

Imozulu kunye nemvelo

Isixeko saseChelyabinsk, esinombolo esiyiqwalaselayo, sisekuhlaleni kwemozulu yelizwekazi. Ibonakala ebusika ebusika kunye nehlobo lasehlobo. Ngokomyinge, ebusika, i-thermometer iyancipha kwi-degrees ezili-17, kwaye ehlobo iphakama ibe ngu -16. Isixeko sinomlinganiselo ochanekileyo wemvula, kwaye imozulu ikhululekile ubomi.

Kodwa i-ecology kwisixeko ishiya kakhulu into efunekayo. Inani elikhulu lamashishini oshishino ngokungcolisa umoya. Into eqhelekileyo yelizwe laseChelyabinsk yimibhobho yokubhema. Isimo semvelo senza isibalo esikhulu sezifo ezahlukileyo phakathi kwabemi, kwaye ixesha lokuphila lifutshane kunomyinge wesizwe (iminyaka engama-70).

Amandla okuba nenani

Phantse ukususela kwisiseko sawo saseChelyabinsk, esabalwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, sasisoloko sithotyelwa kubalo babemi. Ngo-1795 kwakukho abantu abayi-2.6 abayizigidi. Ngowe-1882, kwakukho abemi base-Chelyabinsk abangama-7.7, kwaye kwiminyaka eyi-15-phantse amawaka angama-15. Ngowe-1905, isibalo sabantu besixeko sasiphindwe kabini, emva kweminye iminyaka eyi-10 kwafikelela kuma-67.3waka. Ngowe-1939, ngenxa ye-industrialization, isixeko sakhula sabahlali abangama-273. Ngowe-1976, iChelyabinsk ifakiwe kwiqela leedolophu ezinezigidi zabantu. Ngethuba lexesha le-perestroika, kukho ukuhla okuncane kwinani labahlali baseChelyabinsk, kodwa imeko yayisondele ngokukhawuleza. Ngowe-1994, i-Chelyabinsk, abemi bayo baqala ukukhula kancinci, babenabantu abayizigidi ezili-1.15. Elinye iqela lokuncipha kwinani labemi labhalwa phakathi kuka-2002 no-2007. Kungekudala, malunga nabantu abayi-10 000 bayongezwa minyaka yonke e-Chelyabinsk. Ngo-2016, i-1.19 yezigidi zabantu baseChelyabinsk bahlala kwisixeko.

Izikhombisi zamanani

I-Chelyabinsk, ubunani bayo kunye nobuninzi bentsibaniso yeyona ndawo ephezulu kummandla, yindawo enkulu yezoqoqosho kunye nezoshishino kwiSithili se-Urals. Apha kuyo yonke ikhilomitha yeekhilomitha kukho abantu abangaphezu kwama-2.2 amawaka, okuthelekiswa nezo zixeko ezifana ne-Omsk okanye iKazzan. Ukusabalaliswa ngokwesondo phakathi kwabemi beli sixeko kuhambelana nazo zonke-izikhombisi zaseRashiya: 1.1 Ibhinqa inoxanduva lomntu ongu-1. Ukususela ngo-2011, i-Chelyabinsk ingene kwinani leedolophu apho izinga lokuzalwa lidlula (nangona kunjalo). Ukukhula kwenani kunikezelwa ikakhulu ngabafuduki, ngonyaka malunga nabantu abayi-2.5,000 bavela kwezinye iindawo. Nangona kunjalo, nangona kukho ingxaki yokuguga kwabantu, kwaye umthwalo wabantu abahlali abakhuselekileyo uphezulu kakhulu.

Uqoqosho kunye nomsebenzi wabemi

I-Chelyabinsk, enezoshishino zoshishino ezinika ukuzinza kwezoqoqosho, ngoku ivelisa i-60% ye-zinc yaseRashiya, i-40% yeepayipi kunye ne-6% yesimbi yentsimbi. Umsebenzi ozinzile wamashishini afana ne-metallurgical, itrektare, izityalo zokutshiza kunye noshicilelo, izityalo ezininzi zokwakha izityalo, inani elininzi lokucwangciswa kunye nokutya kwamashishini kwenza ukuba kube lula ukubonelela umsebenzi ophezulu wabantu. Ukungabikho kwemisebenzi eKhelyabinsk malunga ne-2%. Nayi kukho ukunqongophala kwezikhundla kwiingcali ezinemfundo ephakamileyo, kodwa kubameli bezabasebenzi kukho konke ukukhetha.

Ulwahlulo lolawulo lwe sixeko kunye nokusabalaliswa kwabantu

I-Chelyabinsk, inani labantu elihluke kakhulu, lihlulwe kwizithili ezi-7 zolawulo. Ummandla omdala kunye nommandla ohlala kuwo ungundoqo. Ukusuka apha imbali yokuhlala ihambe. Yakhelwe ngezakhiwo zobungcali bokubumba, nantsi izinto eziphambili zeziseko zentlalo kunye nezokuzonwabisa. Le nxalenye yeso sixeko iyona ndawo ihloniphekileyo, kwaye iindawo zokuhlala apha zizona zibiza kakhulu. Amashishini amakhulu anika igama kwiiyunithi ezimbini zolawulo: izithili zeTrubozavodsky kunye neZetalurgurgical. Isakhiwo apha siqhelekile kwaye asikho esitsha. Isithili saseSoviet yinto yesibini ephakamileyo emva kweziko. Kukho izibonelelo ezintle apha, kwaye ubuninzi bezinga eliphezulu liphezulu.

Inani labahlali baseChelyabinsk kwizithili zedolophu lulandelayo:

• Kalininsky - 222 011.
• Kurchatov - 219,883.
• ULeninsky - 190 541.
• Metallurgical -.
• Soviet - 137,884.
• I-Traktorozavodsky - 182 689.
• Ephakathi - 99,884.

Iidolophu ezininzi namhlanje zakhiwa ngokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo eziphakamileyo, iKhelyabinsk ayizange iphunyuke. Inani labantu kwizithili namhlanje litshintshisa kakhulu ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yokungeniswa kweekota ezintsha. Ulwakhiwo olusebenzayo kakhulu kwiiyunithi zokulawula zaseKurchatov naseKalinin. Eyokuqala bakha izindlu eziqhelekileyo zexabiso elilinganiselweyo, kunye nezindlu ezibiza izindlu zanamhlanje.