I-Alimony kubantwana abathathu: bangaphi ipesenti, inani eliphezulu

Ngokuphindaphindiweyo abazali banomdla kwi-alimony yabantwana abathathu. Umba weembopheleleko ze-alimony uye waba ngumxholo onzulu, apho abafazi abangeke bafike kwisigqibo esithile. Ingakumbi ukuba kukho abantwana abaninzi. Emva koko, akusoloko umzali wesibini ekulungele ukudlulisela imali yokugcina abantwana bakhe abangaphantsi. Ngokukodwa ukuba umlingane owayengumlingani unxulumano olunzulu. Yingakho kufuneka ufumane yonke into enokukhathalela i-alimony yabantwana abathathu. Banganyulwa njani? Ngawaphi ubukhulu? Ngaba kunokwenzeka nayiphi na indlela yokunciphisa ubukhulu beentlawulo? Kukho konke oku, akunzima ukuyiqonda njengoko kubonakala ngathi.

Alimony ...

Isinyathelo sokuqala kukuqonda oko kusemgangathweni. Emva koko, into enjalo njenge-alimony, kufuneka ibe nencazelo ecacileyo. Abemi bamele bazi ukuba yintoni abayitshintshe imali kubatshati babo.

I-Alimony yimali ehlawulelwa isondlo okanye abazali abahluphekayo, okanye abafazi okanye abantwana abangaphantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo zintlobo zenyanga. Okokuthi, imali ethile isetyenziswe, ekufuneka idluliselwe ekugcinweni kommi. Njalo inyanga umhlawuleli uthumela imali ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Sinokuthi i-alimony yimali yokugcinwa kwabampofu okanye encinci.

Imigaqo yokuqeshwa

Ingongoma elandelayo yimiqathango yokunika abantwana abantwana imali. Emva koko, akubona bonke kwaye akusoloko kuhlawulela imali yokuxhasa umntwana. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kubakho bentsapho. Okokuthi, abantwana kufuneka bavela kumhlawuli we-alimony. Okwamkelweyo. Kule meko, i-alimony ibelwe.

Into elandelayo abazali abafanele bayayiyazi: i-alimony ihlawulwa kuphela kubafundi abangaphantsi kweminyaka. Ngaphambi kokuba uneminyaka engama-23, ukuba umntwana ungene kwifom yexesha elizeleyo lokufunda kwiyunivesithi.

Mhlawumbi ezi ziyimfuno. I-Alimony yabantwana abathathu kwimitshato eyahlukeneyo, nayo, imiselwe. Akunandaba nokuba yimuphi umanyano ozelwe ngalo okanye loo mntwana.

Unokumisela njani

Yaye bangabelana njani nentlawulo yemali yokugcinwa kwabantwana? Utshintsho oluninzi lophuhliso lweziganeko luqwalaselwa eRashiya. Yonke into ixhomekeke kwisivumelwano somtshato omnye nomnye. Ngoko ke, sinokuhlukanisa iindlela ezilandelayo zokubonelela iintlawulo:

• Ngesivumelwano somntu phakathi kwabatshatileyo;
• Ukuhlaliswa ngokufanelekileyo;
• Sigqibo so buchule.

Ngokuphindaphindiweyo abemi bazama ukusebenzisa isivumelwano somntu siqu. Emva koko abantwana abangabantwana abathathu bangaba ngaphantsi komthetho. Okanye ngaphezulu, kodwa ngaphandle komthwalo wemfanelo phambi kwenkundla. Kuhlala kulula ukuthetha ngokuthula. Iimeko ezinjalo kuphela azihlali zikhona. Kwaye umngcipheko wokuhlawula umzali ukuphendula okufanayo phambi kwenkundla, ukuba iqabane lesibini lifuna ukufumana iziqinisekiso zokuba imali iya kuhanjiswa.

Ndingayilinganisa njani ubukhulu

Kufuneka kangakanani i-alimony kubantwana abathathu? Lo mbuzo unomdla kubo abaninzi. Kodwa ngaphambi kokubala inani elithile, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ukuba zeziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokubala imali zikhona eRashiya. Ngoku unokuhlawula i-alimony:

• Kwimali ehlawulweyo yenyanga;
• Kwipesenti yokufumana imali (nganye inyanga);
• Inkokhelo yexesha elilodwa ngesimo sepropati okanye imali eninzi.

Ngokwenza njalo, ngokuqhelekileyo, ngokuhlawulwa kwentlawulo yenyanga okanye ipesenti yemali eyabelwe. Ngendlela, ukungabi nzuzo kwengeniso akusiyo isizathu sokwenqaba ukuzalisekisa izibophelelo zesondlo. Kwaye nabangasebenziyo baya kubelwa ukuhlawula i-alimony kubantwana abathathu.

Ipesenti zepesenti

Kodwa okokuqala kufuneka uqaphele iimeko xa umzali esebenza. Le yimeko eqhelekileyo. Kuthekani ukuba inkundla inqume ukunikezela iintlawulo zemali kumntwana njengepesenti yemvuzo? Kubalulekile ukunyamekela ukuba bangaphi abantwana abahlawulwa ngumhlali. Kuxhomekeke kule nto, i-alimony kubantwana abathathu iya kutshintsha. Ingakanani ipesenti yemali engenayo umzali kufuneka ayihlawule ukugcinwa kwabantwana abathathu? ERashiya, isalathisi esilingana ne-50% sisungulwe. Okokuthi, ukuba umntu unabantwana aba-3 okanye ngaphezulu, kubalulekile ukuba uluhlu ubuncinane kwisiqingatha semali efunyenweyo esemthethweni yokugcinwa kwabo.

Singatsho ukuba i-50% yincinci imiselwe ngumthetho, ukuba ipesenteji yentlawulo ye-alimony ikhethiweyo. Kumntwana omnye kuyimfuneko ukudlulisela i-25% yemvuzo, kwi-2 - 33%. Ukuba bonke abantwana abasuka kwimitshato eyahlukeneyo, inani elibekwe eceleni lokuhlawula aliyi kutshintsha. Kuphela ngokupheleleyo, ummi uya kufuneka adlulisele isigamu semvuzo kwabantwana. Kodwa izabelo ezithile zibekwe ngokuhambelana nenani labantwana kwintsapho ethile. Ngoko, umzekelo, ukuba umzali-ntlawulo unabantwana aba-3, bonke abavela kwiiseli ezahlukeneyo zoluntu, ngamnye kubo uya kuba no-16.67% wemvuzo. Iphelele, i-50% yemali efunyenweyo iya kwamkelwa.

Intlawulo ehlawulelwayo

Ikhetho elilandelayo lihambelana nabantwana abathathu, abatyunjwe yimirhumo eqingqiweyo. Kukho konke olu hlobo lwezohlwayo zifanelekile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inkqubo enjalo isetyenziselwa ukuhlaliswa ngokufanelekileyo. Kodwa inkundla nayo iyakwazi ukulungisa intlawulo echanekileyo yokugcinwa kwabantwana.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-alimony esiphezulu yabantwana abathathu njengaleyo ayilwanga. Ngoko ke, unokugxila kuphela kumncinci obekwa ngumthetho. Ukungahambi kakuhle kweentlawulo ezizinzileyo kukuba kunzima ukucacisa i-alimony kwixabiso elichanekileyo. Yonke into iyodwa. Ngoko ke, umntu kufuneka athembele kumvuzo omncinci.

Ngokomthetho osungulwe eRashiya, ekuqwalaseleni umvuzo omncinci ngo-2016 (ulingana nama-ruble ama-5,965), inani le-alimony kubantwana abathathu liya kuba-ruble 2 982. Oku kubuncinane kunikwa nawuphi na umhlawuli. Kwaye kwimeko yentlawulo echanekileyo.

Kungenxa yeengxaki zokunikezela ngexabiso elithile ukuba i-percentage system yokubala izibophelelo ze-alimony isetyenziswa rhoqo. Emva koko kufuneka uqwalasele iindleko zokuphila kunye nomvuzo omncinci, ukuba ipesenteji yemali engenayo ingaphantsi kweentlawulo ezincinci ezisisiseko.

Ngokwesivumelwano / isivumelwano sokuhlaliswa

Kuthekani ukuba ngaba i-alimony icwangciselwe abantwana abathathu ngesivumelwano phakathi kwabatshatileyo okanye ngokubhekiselele kwisigqibo sesivumelwano sokuhlawula? Into yokuba kule meko kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvumelana malunga neentlawulo ezichanekileyo. Akufanele kube ngaphantsi kobukhulu obubekiwe. Ayikho i-ruble engama-2 982 yabantwana abathathu.

Iimali ezisele ziyalwe ngesivumelwano somntu siqu. Abaqabane kufuneka bazigqibelele ukuba bangakanani imali umzali wesibini ekufuneka ahlawule ngayo ukugcinwa kwabantwana. Inani le-alimony kubantwana abathathu ngokulinganayo lifikelela kuma-ruble ayi-15 000 eRashiya. Akukho mntu oya kuthiwa ngamaxabiso athile, konke kuxhomekeke kwimeko yezemali yabazali.

Ukungasebenzi

Kuye kwathiwa ukuba ukungabikho komsebenzi akuyona into eyenza indima ebalulekileyo yokubeka izibophelelo zokuxhamla. Nabo bemi bamele bahlawule ukugcinwa kwabantwana. Akunzima kakhulu, kodwa banembopheleleko.

Kufuneka kangakanani i-alimony kubantwana abathathu? Konke kuxhomekeke kumvuzo omncinci kummandla. Ngokwemigaqo eyenziwe ngo-2016, ubuncinane be-ruble 2 982 yeentlawulo ziya kubelwa abantwana abathathu abangasebenziyo. Kwaye ngokukhawuleza xa umsebenzi uqhubeka, ukulungiswa kwakhona kuya kwenziwa. Kwaye kunokwenzeka kakhulu, inkundla iya kulungisa intlawulo ehlawulweyo (ngenyanga) kuxhomekeke kwingeniso yommi.

Kanye kunye nonke

Iimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu yintlawulo yemali yokuxhaswa kwabantwana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwenzeka kwiintsapho ezinemali ephezulu kunye nomntwana omnye kuphela. Kucacisiwe kakade ukuba njenge-alimony ungadlulisela indawo yokuhlala okanye imali eninzi, eya kubalwa ukugcinwa kwabantwana abangaphantsi kwe-18.

Ukubalwa kwe-alimony kubantwana abathathu kule meko ayinangqiqo. Emva koko, ngokuqhelekileyo umtshato uyavuma okanye uya kuhlawulwa ngemali ethile, eya kuhlawulwa emva kokugqitywa kwemvumelwano yesivumelwano, okanye kwi-propati ekhishwe ngabantwana. Akukho ncinane kwaye iphezulu apha.

Ngokomzekelo, isi sibini savuma ukuba abantwana abathathu ubaba wentsapho baya kunika igumbi le-3 kwigumbi. Kwaye akukho nto iya kufunwa kuye. Ukususela ekubhalweni kwakhona kwezindlu zangasese, zonke izibophelelo ze- alimony zomhlali onjalo ziyabonakala. Unokwazi ukudlulisela imali kubantwana ngesicelo sakhe. Kwaye kubonakala kunokwenzeka.

Isibheno enkundleni

Yintoni eya kufuneka ukuba isicelo se-alimony enkundleni? Ngenxa yoko, umzali omnye (ngokuqhelekileyo unina) ifayile ibango kunye namabango enkundleni. Kufuneka ukuba unamathisele uluhlu olulandelayo lwamaphepha (kunye neikopi) kuwo:

• Ingxelo yesibango;
• Ikhadi lesozisi (kuphela ipasipoti yommi waseRussia Federation ifanelekile);
• Isatifikethi sokuzalwa komntwana (bonke abantwana, ngokubanzi);
• Isatifiketi sengeniso ye-spouse-payer;
• Isiqinisekiso somtshato (ukuba ngumbuzo wokuqeshwa kweentlawulo zomtshato);
• Amaphepha eqinisekisa ubungqina bomtshato (ukuba kukho).

Akukho nto ifunekayo. Emva koko, inkundla inyuse umhla weseshoni. Umhlawuli womlingane unokunciphisa izibophelelo ze-alimony. Umzekelo, ukuba unako abantwana abangaphantsi. Ngendlela, ngezinye iimeko, ukuxhamla iintsana ezintathu kunganyuswa ukuya kwi-70% yomvuzo womvuzo. Oku kunokwenzeka xa bonke abantwana beimeko ezimbi zezemali.

Indlela yokunciphisa iintlawulo

Ngoku kuyacaca ukuba i-alimony yabantwana abathathu inyuselwa enkundleni. Zingaphi ipesenti zemali ehlawulwayo kufuneka zihlawule umhlawuli? Kwixabiso elipheleleyo lama-50%. Oku malunga ne-16.6% ngomntwana. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunengqiqo yokunciphisa izibophelelo ze-alimony. Yile nini le nto?

Okokuqala, oku kungabikho komsebenzi. Ukungasebenziyo ukuhlawula ngaphantsi. Ngako oko, le nto ichazwa ngabaninzi. Abantu baqala ukusebenza ngokungaqhelekanga.

Okwesibini, i-grey "income" iya kunceda ukunciphisa iintlawulo zemali. Emva koko, xa ubala imali yokugcinwa kwabantwana, kuphela umvuzo osemthethweni uthathelwa ingqalelo.

Okwesithathu, ukunyuka ngokuzikhethela kwindawo ehlawulwa phantsi. Ngoko ngokusemthethweni ummi uza kufuneka ahlawule ngaphantsi.

Okwesine, isikhundla esinzima saloo mhlawuli, kunye nokuba khona kwakhe ukukhubazeka. Ezi zinto ziya kuthethwa ngqalelo nenkundla. Akuninzi rhoqo, kodwa iimeko ezinjalo zidibana nazo.

Ukupheliswa kwezibophelelo

Ngoku kuyacaca ukuba unjani ukuhlawula abantwana abathathu ngendlela yoxhaswa kwabantwana ukugcinwa. Kodwa ziphelile nini lezi zibophelelo? Le nto ingundoqo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. I-Alimony yabantwana imisiwe (okanye iyaliswe kwakhona) ukuba:

• Umntwana ufikelele kumntu omdala;
• Ukuxhomekeka komntwana;
• Omnye okanye abaninzi abantwana baye bamkelwa.

Ngoko ke, ngokukhawuleza ukuba omnye wabantwana alahlekelwe ilungelo lokumisa, ukulungiswa kwazo kuqhubeka. Kwimbini yamatyala, kubalulekile ukuhlawula i-33%, kwi-25% ye-earnings.