Hsen-unamazinyo cat - i irhamncwa extinct

Inkoliso yethu owoyamaniswe kwinkampani izilwanyana. Abaninzi, ukuze ziqhakrazise ixesha lakho lokuphola, uzale izilwanyana ezincinane kunye ezinoboya ze usapho cat. Kodwa akakho umntu ucinga yokufana kwawo ziphele malunga 70 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo amarhamncwa ekuthiwa saber-unamazinyo iikati.

ezihlala

eziphilayo bachuma kwintsimi kwamazwe Afrika ahlala eYurophu nakuMntla Melika amazwekazi kwi Miocene kwakusasa phakathi. Omnye abameli bakhe yokuqala - Pseudaelurus quadridentatus - ingqalelo ngunozala uphuhliso yendaleko lweentlobo.

Xa Miocene kade saber-unamazinyo ikati okuphosela lo mmandla carnivores barburofelisami ukuba ngaphambili ezibukhali namazinyo canine. Izityalo zokugqibela iintlobo kunye nabameli balo shwaka ukusuka Umhlaba malunga 10 engamawaka eyadlulayo. Uninzi abemi iplanethi ayifikelelekanga.

Kwemvelo iikati saber-sengathi

Ukususela ummeli yehlabathi isilwanyana yanyamalala ebusweni Umhlaba ixesha elide, uninzi ulwazi malunga nayo - zesayensi ukucacisa. Kodwa ke uphuhliso yemfuza zinako ukufumaneka izibakala ezintsha ezinomdla eziphilayo. Ukufunda ezafunyanwa ngabembi bezinto zakudala, ungenza ukudala umfanekiso othile uze ufunde kancinane ezi zidalwa qembu.

Izazinzulu lubonisa ukuba ikati saber-unamazinyo kunye imikhwa ezingela waba ukufana enkulu kunye Tigers, kodwa zange kube yinxalenye yale ntsapho. ngabembi baye basilela ukungqina ukuba izilwanyana yaba tiger ukupeyinta imivumbo noboya anoboya. Kwakhona, kwakungekho bungqina obuxhasa efana imikhwa yamandulo iikati neentlobo mihla, ngoko ezi ngxelo kungathathwa nje okucingelwayo.

Uphando lwezenzululwazi ukufundisisa DNA, eziye zabanjwa ngowe-2005, waqinisekisa ukuba kukhethwe subfamily "saber-unamazinyo iikati 'esivela kwizinyanya zonke izilwanyana zethu, kodwa musa iyihlanganise kunye neentlobo yangoku ngwe.

A ummeli eqhelekileyo yeli qela abaphengululi bakholelwa ezimbiwa eyaziwa saber-unamazinyo ingwe, abangazange ndingenguye nabameli ingwe ikati kule ice yobudala. Kwihlabathi lwezenzululwazi, igama lakhe Smilodon, bona bubonakala ukusuka kwisiLatini njengoko "umbhuqi."

Smilodon: Uhlobo inkcazelo

Smilodon - wokugqibela "iikati saber-sengathi" subfamily. photo Animal layout iyamangalisa:

• omkhulu, ukuya kwi-20 cm canines;
• Ubude kwi Ingca efikelela kwimitha kunye 20 cm;
• ubude umzimba laliziimitha ngaphezu ezimbini;
• ubunzima imalunga 500 kg.

Ezi mpawu zenza ezi zilwanyana ookumkani imimandla enkulu. Enye kuphela ubude umsila ngeesentimitha eziyi-30-35. yokwakha omkhulu sengathi Smilodon ingaqhelekanga abameli ikati. Kuphela emqolombeni American iingonyama na enasilela kuye ubukhulu.

Akukho mathandabuzo ukuba yezilwanyana nomzingeli. Bambalwa ephila ukuba ekhohlo ukuya kuzingela saber-unamazinyo cat. abantu Photo kunye enza epheleleyo zenziwa zizazinzulu ngexesha Ukumba eFransi.

Ekhoyo kunye nabanye abameli zobukumkani yezilwanyana, ziikati babekhuphisana izizathu lokuzingela yokuhlala:

• gepardovymi kunye panterovymi kumazwe aseAfrika;
• puma, iingonyama, jaguar eUnited States.

ukubonakala

Ookhetshe sifake imilo etsobhileyo kunye saber-unamazinyo aso. Smilodon sakhiwo, umhlathi kwaba ivumela umlomo isilwanyana ukuba amtyhile ukuya ku-95 °, abameli mihla amarhamncwa ngwe bayakwazi ukwenza oko kuba akukho ° ngaphezu kwama-65. , Amazinyo wazala zagwenxa ndikho kusikhumbuza ngamaphiko. Ubude zifika-20 cm. Izilwanyana ezinamandla wakwazi kuzingela ezinye izilwanyana kunene ubukhulu bayo. Nantsi i saber-unamazinyo cat, elijongeka kuyothusa abemi belizwekazi American kwiminyaka yezigidi emibini eyadlulayo.

Umhlathi wesilwanyana ubefuna ukubabulala, ubeke isilwanyana kwinani ezidla eziyingozi. Akabanga ngoontanga bamelene.

esifubeni enamandla ubunzima ngenxa ikota phezu nobunzima izilwanyana ingonyama enkulu ukuba ukukhuphisana ngenxa yokuhlala, kungekuphela nje omnye nomnye, kodwa kwakhona nge ibhere ababemi elifutshane, hayi ngaphantsi esinamandla futhi aqine. Yobungakanani umzimba, equka izihlunu enamandla, amazinyo-iimela kuvumela utshaba ixhoba nabameli ezibalulekileyo izilwanyana ixesha - mammoths.

Izazinzulu ziyavuma ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuthelekisa isilwanyana kunye ingonyama. Ewe, ubukhulu bakhe umzimba eyogqitha ngokwamacala yokumkani ezizitho zine, kodwa ukudibanisa isakhiwo, umlinganiselo kwaye enze ezihamba ngamathupha azo omkhulu ngaphambili kwi imvelaphi ngasemva elifutshane musa ukuvumela ukwenza uthelekiso enjalo.

entanyeni kwimisipha force niyagrenyana ivumela izilwanyana, ebamba ngamaxhoba ziyehla inzipho zakhe iinyembezi. Kwihlabathi lwezenzululwazi nangoku iingxoxo malunga elide hinkwayo ukuba, njengokuba lwalupayintiwe ikati saber-unamazinyo. Nomzingeli, mhlawumbi, ukuba akukho imivumbo tiger yemveli. Kungenzeka, nesikhumba sayo ihonjiswe kunye namabala amnyama.

ezafunyanwa ukuhlinza

Izazinzulu ukumxelela sizathu sokuba olu hlobo ezidla apha naphaya, ukuba yonke idatha ye ukusinda, ngequbuliso wanyamalala ebusweni Yomhlaba. iintsalela kuphela ezingamathambo amathambo namazinyo kusikhumbuza uphawu kwesilwanyana kunye negama iikati saber-unamazinyo. Afumaneka kwi kumazwe eLos Angeles osihloko sithi "The Magic Mile" betha ezenziwe ihlabathi namhlanje kokubhalwa kwembali eMelika.

Lakes kunye indawo amachibi kukhutshwe sibini eloyikekayo, kwaye ukusuka ezinzulwini zomhlaba nomfi nentlaka ngumphunga. Oku kulapho abembi Sasinethamsanqa ukuba ukufumana iintsalela amathambo silwanyana, kunye nezinye amarhamncwa ezininzi extinct. Izadunge yentlaka bezenze amahlathi guschey yaba yingozi iintlobo ezininzi zasendle. amahlamvu abawakhe kunye nobutyobo, bakha umgibe omkhulu. Ezidla yezabelo kubo, ngaloo ndlela ukutsala amarhamncwa, leyo elinde ukuba bebonke isiphelo sinye.

Kumbiwa Indawo La Brea wawanyusa ku zaliwaka amathambo Smilodon, awenze inombolo ekhethekileyo. Asphalt kunye resin ugcwalisa amachibi kwakukho izinto ezilungileyo ukubola. Amathambo ezigcinwe ikwimo olukhulu. Izazinzulu akwazi ukubenza ufifi lokuba bajonge indlela iikati saber-unamazinyo. Amafoto bafumana iifosili enokufunyanwa kwiimyuziyam yemvelaphi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amathambo ababemi elifutshane-ibhere kunye ingcuka kwafunyanwa phakathi iintsalela ngumkhenkce ubudala. Ezi ngqo izinyanya carnivores abaphila emhlabeni namhlanje. Kodwa nantsi ikati saber-unamazinyo akasishiyanga ngasemva nzala. Okwangoku akazange afumane naluphi na uhlobo iindlalifa ngqo Smilodon, machairodus kunye nezinye iintlobo iikati saber-unamazinyo.

iimpawu zokuziphatha

Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu imbonakalo, saber-unamazinyo cat, ukuziphatha kwawo ezahlukeneyo ndlongondlongo, andinako ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Oku kungenxa nomsila emfutshane, nto leyo awuvumeli ukugcina umzimba tye ngexesha ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza. Kungenzeka, nesikhumba yezilwanyana abalaleli, elinde ixhoba, yaye wahlasela nangoko naye.

Ekuqaleni kwexesha Pleistocene, imihlambi Azityi baba omkhulu. Amarhamncwa ukuba nzima ukuba avelise ukutya kwabo. Ezinye izilwanyana ezitya ziziinkalo enkulu, nto leyo akazange avumele ikati ukuzingela yedwa. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwimeko enjalo, ezizingelayo ukuzingela kulo iipasile. Ngexesha bemba kufuphi amathambo ezilwanyana herbivorous amanxiwa ngandlel ossified leesampulu azo saber-unamazinyo.

Yokunyamekela umhlambi

Isibakala ye kumabhodlo ingwe ukulimala kakhulu, musa ukuvumela ukuba lizingela yedwa, lubonisa ukuba amathuba izilwanyana eziphila emfutshane, apho nkqu isilwanyana longxwelerhiweyo unokubakho ngokuzingela ezinye.

Natural kunye usizo nayiphi na ukutya irhamncwa izenzo inyama. Smilodon bangathathelwa ingqalelo ukuba giperplotoyadnym. Iintsalela amathambo abo amahashe amhlophe kwaye inyathi wafunyanwa.

Kutheni kufuneka amazinyo ezinjalo?

Umbuzo lobukho amazinyo utshaba akazange phumzani izazinzulu. Ngapha koko, ingonyama zokuzingela akuyomfuneko amazinyo-FOUND. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, izazinzulu waqhuba umfuniselo ukuvelisa amandla kukulunywa ikati. Kwenzeka ukuba phantse izihlandlo ezibini ngaphantsi kwengonyama. Kubonakala ukuba iingonyama mihla ilume mandla kugqiba ubungakanani kwixhoba.

Amazinyo yeentaka ababephila phambi kokubhalwa kwembali waba ezibulalayo xa kusetyenziswa emva naphambili. Movement ukusuka ngapha nangapha lula liyonzakalise, beqhekeza nje. Hooter canine emzimbeni yexhoba kulula ukuba aphule. Kunye nokulahlekelwa nezinyo kubini kunciphisa ithuba Zingelani echumayo, kwaye umnwe abulawe yindlala.

Hypothesis ukuba izilwanyana owenzakeleyo babenokutya njengamalungu zabo pack, izazinzulu akazange ukuqinisekisa okanye ndikukhanyele. Mhlawumbi yipropathi emazinyweni wenza kube nzima ukuba baphile ilungu lweentlobo ukuya namhlanje. Kodwa ke umbuzo eenzululwazi.

Kabuhlungu kodwa ethandwayo

Uhlobo utshaba kokubhalwa kwembali, nkqu okudalwe amathambo lihlala, ebangela lwandingcangcazelisa okungephi. Nangona kunjalo, le iikati saber-sengathi zithandwa hayi kuphela bhokisi ehlabathini ifumana. Umfanekiso onamandla, ummeli ngumkhenkce yobudala amaqhophololo yasekwa multipliers kwangolu umboniso. On abantwana t-shirts, izitikha kunye koobhaka baba nomfanekiso walo. Amanani isilwanyana inokufumaneka kwivenkile yokudlala.

Sifuna ukuhlanganisa zonke engayaziyo kuyadlula kunye neempawu izikhulu enemiqathango. Kakade ke, lo saber-unamazinyo ingwe - yasungulwa amagcisa, kodwa ukudala umfanekiso wakhe kwikhusi usebenzisa umninindlu uhlobo, uthabathe ingqalelo iimpawu amathambo yezilwanyana, okunene wahlala on Earth kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Kwanokuba ukubukela ikhathuni, sinako ukubona ukuzimela ixhoba kunye ukuzimela.