HIV isasazeka zombini kweli khaya? Iindlela yokosulela kwe-HIV

Abantu ngokunxulumene yabo HIV lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqela amabini: abo cinga HIV ingxaki, kusekho ngendlela eqhelekileyo yobomi, kunye nabo banovuyo kakhulu malunga nokhuseleko lwabo yaye iphenjelelwa ukuhanjiswa kolwazi elibaleka evela zosasazo kunye neminye imithombo. Njengokuba iqela, kwaye eyesibini uza azichanekanga ngokupheleleyo, ngenxa yokuba usuleleko namhlanje sele bafunda kakuhle, neengcali singatsho ngokuqinisekileyo apho ingozi yosulelo, kwaye apho kungekho. Kuyimfuneko ukuba uqonde indlela ngesondo kwaye ayihambi HIV ukuze bazikhusele iingxaki ezinokubakho kwaye hayi ukuba ukuphazamisa luvo kanye kwakhona.

Xa umzimba ogulayo osuleleke ngayo ngugawulayo, intsholongwane, inani apho ngokwaneleyo ukuze ukosulela omnye umntu, na ubisi lwebele, netuwa lobufazi, incindi kunye negazi. Ngawo la Iindlela ungakwazi ukungena emzimbeni lomntu esempilweni kunye nosulelo lwe-HIV. Njengoko intsholongwane yaso ezosulela umbilo, ngamathe, umchamo, ngendle? Akukho nto. iindlela transduction, kukho amathathu kuphela: ngokwesondo, parenteral kunye nkqo.

iipropati HIV

HIV libhekisela kwiqela ntsholongwane i ezingazinzanga kwaye kulahleka phantsi kwempembelelo ngqo kaEtere, acetone okanye utywala. Le ntsholongwane ifumaneka phezu ulusu esempilweni, ludlavulwe yi sisenzo iintsholongwane kunye nee-enzayim zokuzikhusela. Kwakhona akukho akathandi ukuba akubanyamezeli amaqondo aphezulu kwaye wafa, nokuba malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ngama-57 C okanye E kwi ngomzuzu omnye abilayo.

Xaka ekudaleni amayeza kunye a lugonyo HIV kukuba le ntsholongwane ezihlala ziguquka.

Development of HIV

umzimba Primary ayiphendule ayehlasela intsholongwane ngokuvelisa izilwa-buhlungu. Period, elisuke usulelo kude kube mzuzu xa imveliso omzimba esebenzayo luqala, buya kuhlala ukusuka kwiiveki ezintathu ukuya kwiinyanga ezintathu. Kwezinye iimeko, izilwa-buhlungu kuvela iinyanga ezintandathu kuphela emva kokosuleleka. Eli xesha kuthiwa "window period seroconversional".

ixesha Ezifihlakeleyo okanye nazimpawu unokuthatha ukusuka kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka eli-15. ngeli nqanaba esi sifo akuthethi ukuzibonakalisa nangayiphi na indlela. inkqubo eyosulelayo emva i nazimpawu. Uphawu lokuqala ukuba esi sifo inkqubela, - banzi iindawo nkovu. Emva AIDS. Iimpawu eziphambili kweli xesha rhoqo okanye rhoqo intloko ebuhlungu, utyatyazo unmotivated, ukungabi namdla, silale, umkhuhlane, ukudinwa, ukwehla kobunzima bomzimba. Ngelo seladlula Inqanaba nethumba kuvela, kunye nosulelo olungenelelayo, oko kunzima kakhulu ukunyanga.

Isifo inxulunyaniswa ilahleko sifo neziyingozi kubomi babantu, ngoko kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba i-HIV isasazeka njani. Iimpawu ezingenzeka emva kweminyaka embalwa, kunzima ukoyisa baze bazibuyisele ubomi obuqhelekileyo.

Uxilongo lwe HIV

ukuxilongwa kwaye amisele ubukho bale ntsholongwane emzimbeni akakwazi kuphela inkangeleko yazo. Apha kubalulekile ukuqhuba isifundo igazi, nto leyo ibonisa ukuba kukho umthamo wentsholongwane egazini kunye antibodies HIV. Ukuze wenze oku, iimvavanyo HIV kwenziwa, ELISA (olungqanyaniswa enzyme-kulingwa immunosorbent), lo Polymer chain reaction, iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ngokukhawuleza. Ngoncedo olu hlobo uphando ukuseka ubukho bale ntsholongwane egazini kunye neqondo yophuhliso lwayo.

Ukwenza uvavanyo nanini na umbutho wezempilo. Kufuneka kuqala ukufumana iingcebiso. Kwimeko iziphumo ezidibanisayo, onesifo kufuneka zinikwe inkxaso kuqala ngokwasemoyeni nangokwasengqondweni kwaye ulwazi indlela yokuqhuba enye indlela yobomi. Ukuba iziphumo zithi umntu lowo negative, imfuneko ukubamba incoko nomntu malunga nendlela HIV ezidluliselwa ekhaya. Oku kuya kusikhusela kwi ithuba usulelo.

Iindlela yokosulela kwe-HIV

Lo mba kufuneka kuzixhalabisa nabani okhathalayo malunga nempilo yabo. transmission HIV ngeendlela kuphela ezintathu, apho yahlulwe iisoyi kunye zendalo yenziwe. Lokuqala - ngesondo. Yesibini - nkqo. kubume bayo usendleleni yokuba intsholongwane ethunyelwayo ngqo ukusuka kumama isiya kusana ekuzalweni (okanye umbungu). Le ndlela yemvelo.

Indlela yesithathu, nto leyo edla athethwa yokufakelwa - parenteral. Xa isifo Kwimeko akwazi kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ukutofelwa igazi, nokufakela ilungu lomzimba okanye inyama ephethe izixhobo efakwa izifo. Imeko engundoqo kukho usulelo yentsholongwane omnye engekho omnye umntu.

Kusulelo ngegazi

Ezinokosulela umzimba womntu ingena 1/10000 mililitha igazi, nto leyo ayibonakali ngamehlo yabantu. Kakhu- ubungakanani obuncinane ikuvumela ukuba ukubeka amasuntswana intsholongwane 100 nganye imigca eliwaka ubude 1 cm. Oku kwakhona ingozi yosulelo lwe-HIV. Njengoko le ntsholongwane sisasazwa ngokuhlawulelwa ngegazi, oko kumelwa isekelwe kwinto yokuba ukuba igazi lomntu esempilweni ufumana inxalenye incinane inxalenye yegazi elosulelekileyo, amathuba osulelo seliza 100 ekhulwini. Oku kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa lo mnikelo kuphuphuma igazi angavavanywanga.

HIV ayihambi ngokusebenzisa izinto ekrwada yezonyango okanye izithambiso olufanelekileyo, ukuba awayesetyenziswe nomntu owosulelekileyo. Amaninzi, iimeko ezinjalo kwenzeka xa ukugqojozwa indlebe, ngumvambo, umzimba xa zokuzilungisa ezikhethekileyo. iintsalela igazi angaphandle inokuba engabonakaliyo kwaye bahlale emva kokuhlamba ngamanzi. Izixhobo kufuneka ziphathwe arhente ezikhethekileyo okanye utywala.

Emva kokuba ubhubhane i-HIV liye lasasazeka, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo iliso ngokungqongqo umsebenzi nabasebenzi bezonyango. Oku kusebenza umnikelo, nzala kwezixhobo zonyango, umsebenzi abasebenzi ngokubanzi. Ngoko ke, indlela yokosulela kwe-HIV ziye zahlolwa ngenyameko, ngoko kumaziko onyango ingozi yosulelo inciphisiwe.

Ingozi yosulelo kunye okukhulu phakathi abasebenzisi ngokuzitofa ngalo igazi, ukwabelana iinaliti, iisirinji, izihluzi kunye nezinye yonke iziyobisi.

gciwane ocansini

Ukuthetha nge-HIV isasazeka njani na kwaye AIDS, singasathethi ke eyona ndlela iqhelekileyo ngayo - ngokwesondo. Le ntsholongwane emzimbeni kunye nomntu owosulelekileyo na isixa esikhulu kwi netuwa langasese yobudoda. Nayiphi neentlobano zesini ezingavumelekanga ungakhuselekanga zesini kunokukhokelela usuleleko, ngoko wenza zangasese zathi yangaphakathi. Inyaniso yokuba kule isifo ngexesha microdamages iintlobano esiyiyo, ngalo intsholongwane ukhululekile ukuba ungene kwaye uphume kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kunye namanye amalungu kunye namalaphu. Oku kwandisa amathuba lingosulelwa yile ntsholongwane xa ilawulwa ngoodlalani, kunye utshintsho rhoqo nabo ngesondo, ukufaka ikhondom xa lingasetyenziswa, ngokunjalo ngokubandakanyeka ngokwayamana neqabane abasebenzisa rhoqo kwemithi.

Izifo ukuba ezosulela ngokwabelana ngesondo, kukho malunga nama-30 namhlanje. Abaninzi kubo igalelo kuphuhliso zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ukudumba enokuthi nayo kunokubangela usuleleko lwe-HIV. izifo ezininzi ekhatshwa nokudumba umonakalo isifo angasese, nayo leyo kunegalelo lula ukungena kulo eziphilayo HIV. Yingozi kuba usuleleko kunye neentlobano zesini esexesheni. Virus xi enamazinga aphezulu kakhulu ngamadlozi kunokuba netuwa lobufazi. Ngoko ke, amathuba yokosulela lwabafazi amadoda lingaphantsi ngaphezu koko kwamadoda ukuze ababhinqileyo.

ngesondo obufanayo ngesondo into eyingozi ngakumbi. Ngenxa yokuba le isifo efakwa akukho zixhobo ze sex, umngcipheko ukulimala kule ndawo ingaphezulu ithuba umonakalo lobufazi. Usulelo ngokusebenzisa sicatshulwa ezimpundu ngakumbi sengqiqweni ngenxa yokuba ngokutyebileyo ngegazi. Hi ndlela leyi, u usenokosuleleka ngokudibana yomlomo kunye obuni, nangona amathuba ayikho phezulu kwezi meko yangaphambili.

Ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yaso nasiphi na umfowunelwa ngokwesondo zibe umzimba kusichukumisa usulelo lwe-HIV. Njengoko kaloku intsholongwane yaso isasazeka njani na kwaye zeziphi na iindlela ukuthintela usuleleko? Ngokulula amalungiselelo ubomi babantu bokwabelana ngesondo kwaye usebenzise iindlela zokukhusela.

Usulelo ukusuka kumama ukuya emntwaneni

Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, le ndlela usulelo indlu kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo kakhulu, yaye umama abosulelekileyo ayikwazanga nethemba umntwana onempilo. Ngaphandle kwaba, kodwa kunqabile. Uphuhliso zezonyango namhlanje namhlanje sele iphumelele iziphumo ezihle ekunciphiseni ingozi yosulelo ukusuka kumama ukuya emntwaneni. Iindlela ukudluliselwa kwentsholongwane kaGawulayo ukusuka kumama isiya kusana olungekazalwa okanye umntwana zezi zilandelayo: ngobisi lwebele ngexesha lokuncancisa, ngexesha lokubeleka okanye ngethuba lokukhulelwa. Fumanisa ukuba kunini kwakukho usulelo, kunzima kakhulu, ngoko izigulane kufuneka abakhulelweyo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuba abhalise nokujonga impilo yosana lwabo olungekazalwa.

Ukuba nokwenzeka bokungcola ekhaya

Nangona ingozi yosulelo lwe-HIV e-bume zasekhaya ayikho phezulu, kodwa oko. Avamise kakhulu ukudluliselwa usulelo ngokusebenzisa ezihlabayo. Umbuzo indlela HIV ezidluliselwa ekhaya, Ukwacinga abaninzi, ingakumbi abo bahlala phantsi kophahla olunye kunye nomntu owosulelekileyo.

Le ntsholongwane zinokusasazwa nge izinto ngococeko (umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa njengeebleyidi). Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba awukwazi wosuleleke ngokusebenzisa oqhelekileyo yangasese, njengoko intsholongwane asifikeleli kwi umchamo kunye ilindle, lo gama kuqubha echibini, ngenxa izitya eziqhelekileyo kunye nezinye izinto zasekhaya.

Usulelo kaninzi kwenzeka kubomi bemihla ngemihla ngeendlela ngumntu, isikhumba ezaphukileyo. Ukuba, umzekelo, igazi okanye yencindi kwi umzimba isigulane yaba ngumntu esempilweni, kunokwenzeka ukuba bathethe malunga usulelo.

HIV ayihambi

Le ntsholongwane ayihambi ngokusebenzisa emoyeni (umoya-ayenalo), babuyele ukutya, amanzi. Ukuhlala kwigumbi nomntu onesifo kwakhona akuthethi ukusongela impilo. Ukusebenzisa izinto zekhaya (izitya, iitawuli, ibhafu, iindawo zokuqubha, yokuhlamba) kwaye ayikho emngciphekweni. Le ntsholongwane ayihambi ngokusebenzisa ukwanga ukuxhawula, ngexesha ifi umdiza mnye, xa usebenzisa yokuqaba okanye Iseti yezandla. Kwakhona, HIV ayihambi ngokusebenzisa impovane okanye izilwanyana.

HIV and AIDS

HIV kuyabulala ukuba amajoni omzimba, ngaloo ndlela kuncitshiswa kwinkcaso zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukuba kwixesha lokuqala usulelo kuba kungabonakali ukuba ukuzibonakalisa ngokwangaphandle, ngelo xesha, ngezi zigaba ezilandelayo amajoni omzimba buthathaka ngokomkhamo ukuba umzimba uba bawuthobele nasiphi na isifo esosulelayo. Ezi zifo bangamalungu kwabo kunqabile kakhulu ubunzima kubantu ezingekho abosulelekileyo-: ibangwa ziintsholongwane inyumoniya, nee- kaThixo, isifo ithumba.

State xa umntu onentsholongwane kaGawulayo kuqala ukuvela izifo ezosulelayo, unobangela edulusele kule ngxaki amajoni omzimba ebizwa AIDS.

HIV Prevention

Noba yeyiphi indlela HIV isasazeka, kubalulekile ukuba esisongela ubomi bakho ngabantu. Ukuze ukuba ujamelene nengxaki enkulu kangaka, kuyimfuneko ukuba aqhube ngendlela eyiyo yobomi kwaye ulandele iingcebiso oogqirha.

Phakathi zonke iindlela AIDS kakhulu ngempumelelo - luthintelo HIV. Oku kuquka: ubukho neqabane lokwabelana ngesondo elinye kuphela, uphambuke ezintethweni neentlobano zesini kunye ngamakhoboka eziyobisi, oonongogo, kwakunye nabantu engaziwa kangako, eli ligatya iqela lwabafowunelwa, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokhuseleko. Ezi zinto zibaluleke kakhulu, njengoko HIV isasazeka kakhulu ngokudibana ngesondo ngenxa yokwabelana ngesondo ngokungakhuselekanga.

Ngokokhuseleko lwakho kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kufuneka asebenzise nococeko nabanye abantu likaThixo (izixhobo zonyango, kunye nebrashi zokuhlamba amazinyo, iireyiza okanye sisitshetshe). Wonke umntu unelungelo lokuba unyanzelise yokuba kwi-ofisi loonobuhle, ugqirha, wamazinyo kunye nezinye iingcali alahlwayo abo bakhonza kunye izixhobo ezitsha.

bezempilo kufuneka athile ukuphumeza amanyathelo othintelo ngokunxulumene AIDS. Ezi ziquka: ukukhuthaza ngesondo elikhuselekileyo, uviwo ngokucokisekileyo abasetyhini abakhulelweyo, uvavanyo lwe ngegazi kanye abantu emngciphekweni, ukulawula ukuzalwa abantwana, yokukhanyela HIV abafazi uncancisa iintsana zabo.

Uthintelo sisezindongeni amaziko onyango luquka: sebenzisa izixhobo ezilahlwayo kuphela ukuba unyango izigulane HIV, ukuhlamba izandla ngenyameko emva kokuphatha izigulane bosulelekile. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukuze enze kweentsholongwane yi ezinokosulela ebhedini, kokusingqongileyo okanye izinto netuwa Appliances kunye ezifihlakeleyo isigulane. Qinisekisa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba kubhetele ukuthintela ingxaki kunokuba ukusombulula oko, njengokuba kulo mzekelo - kunokuba ukuhlala naye.

unyango lwe-HIV

Kulo mzekelo, njengoko abanye abaninzi kangaka, ngexesha liqhubeka namhlanje. I ngaphambili ingxaki wabonakala, kokukhona kusenokwenzeka isigulane aphinde ubomi obuqhelekileyo. unyango lwe-HIV ejoliswe kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukulibazisa uphuhliso kunye progression yentsholongwane ukuze ungabinako iyeka yaba sisifo esibi - AIDS. Umntu onesifo nangoko amisele unyango entsonkothileyo equka: amayeza iyaluthintela uphuhliso usulelo olungenelelayo, kunye neziyobisi echaphazela intsholongwane ngqo, ukuthintela uphuhliso bayo buphindwe.

Kunzima ukuphila nesifo ezifana kusulelo lwe-HIV. Njani na, ukuphuhlisa indlela, ukukhusela indlela ngokwabo - iimpendulo zale mibuzo wonke umntu uyazi, ngenxa yokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba isigulane usenokuphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo, ingakumbi xa ufunda le ngxaki emva kweminyaka nje embalwa emva kokuba usulelo. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukuba indlela oziphatha ngayo kunye nokukhusela impilo yabo, kuba yeyona nto ixabisekileyo sinayo, yaye ngelishwa okanye ngethamsanqa, abunakuthengwa imali.