Herta Müller yakhe Prize Nobel

Ngo-2009, iKomiti Nobel Leencwadi lawongwa ngebhaso imbongi waseJamani, umbhali Herta Müller. Ukuba umfundi yaseYurophu emisebenzini yabo baziwa kakuhle, eRashiya ngalo, bambalwa ndikuvile. German ngokuzalwa, yena wazalwa eRomania wafudukela bonke ubunzima wolawulo ngoozwilakhe sikaNobhala Jikelele oomasipala Communist Party uNicolae Ceauşescu. Oku bagxila kakhulu iincwadi zakhe.

ebuntwaneni Isi-Romanian

Herta Müller wazalwa ngo-1953 kwidolophu encinane Nitskidorf. Le ise kummandla Banat zembali, kudala yahlulwe phakathi kwamazwe amathathu - Romania, Hungary kunye eSerbia. waye ke yokuhlala elikhulu elikufutshane isixeko lesithathu ngobukhulu eRomania, Timişoara.

nentsapho yakhe yaba Banat Swabians - igama eliqhelekileyo ukuba abantu abathetha isiJamani yendawo zembali. Uyisemkhulu - ngumlimi nomi, uyise ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, wakhonza kwi Waffen SS. Umama, emva eRomania weza ulawulo lwamaKomanisi, wasiwa kwinkampu kwi Ukraine ngenxa imvelaphi yazo German. Yiya uyayikhulula iminyaka emithathu kuphela phambi kokuzalwa Hertha.

E Timisoara Herta Mueller waphumelela kwiYunivesithi yaseNtshona - eyunivesithi isiRomania, owasekwa ngo-1962. elithile wakhe uncwadi waseJamani kunye isiRomania.

Yokushiywa Yesizwe Republic of Germany

Ngowe-1976, Herta Müller kuqala ubomi babo ngomsebenzi engumguquleli-mveliso itektala. Ngexesha Ceauşescu ngamandla iminyaka emibini kuphela, nabo bonke ubunzima wolawulo kuqala nje ukuba ukuhluma.

Kwi-79th Muller akaqeshwanga ngenxa yesizathu engenamsebenzi, ngelo xesha - ukwala ukusebenzisana emapoliseni isiRomania imfihlelo, i uphiko. Emva koko Hertha eyaphazamisa izifundo zabucala ka-German, esebenza sabaqalayo, waqalisa ukubhala.

isigqibo yokushiywa senziwa kuphela ngo-1987. Ekunye nomyeni wakhe, naye umbhali - Richard Wagner, aye eJamani, e- West eBerlin.

le ncwadi lokuqala

Hertha ukubhala nje emva kokusweleka kukatata wakhe. Ngowe-1979 waphumelela inoveli "yeKapa", eliquka yamabali ezincinane 14 edityaniswa ibali eliqhelekileyo eziphambili. Noko ke, lo msebenzi epapashwe wayeneminyaka emithathu kuphela kamva, kwaye zazihlolisiswa kakhulu. Inguqulelo yokuqala lwapapashwa ngo-1984 e-West Jamani. Emva koko Hertha sele zokuhamba aphesheya, kwaye xa efika imvume ukuba baphume kwelo lizwe, abecuphi bazama ukunyelisa kwakhe, esithi yena njengomgunyaziswa uphiko.

umsebenzi Early enikelwe Banatski noluntu eRomania, apho Herta Müller yakhula. Biography umbhali izalana ngokusondeleyo nesihloko. Iinkcukacha luqaqambisa zokuziphatha, ezingathi umbhali sekuba kuluntu enkulu ingcinezelo. inoveli yakhe yokuqala "yeKapa" ofayo ilali ichaza ebuntwaneni ngokwembono umntwana. Enye esimnandi kakhulu kulo msebenzi kuba yindlela amasele croaking, apho umfundi kufuneka ezinxulumene kwigcuntswana waseJamani. Njengoko omnye wabalinganiswa kwinoveli: "Wonke yazisa isele xa samaJuda."

ukuqaphela zoncwadi

Kule 90, yena esebenzayo kwintsimi boncwadi. Ngowe-1992 lipapasha inoveli, yaziwa Russian eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "Impungutye ngoko kukho waba lizingela, 'nto leyo ithetha ngobomi kwiphondo ngesiRomania Ekuveleni nenani-80-90. Kwaye iinkuni ezimbalwa, kuquka "Zverdtse" edumileyo, iguqulelwe Russian.

Yinto kuyoyikisa, ubukhulu becala incwadi ngokuphila apho Herta Müller uchaza bayahlelwa ulutsha abafuduki abasuka eJamani kwiminyaka abanobubi wokulawula uzwilakhe isiRomania Ceauşescu. Yaba incwadi yokuqala, nto leyo ebangele ukufumana ingqalelo yakhe namabhaso amaninzi apha lemfundo. Libhalwe emva kokufa abahlobo ababini umbhali, leyo eyenzeka phantsi kweemeko twisisaka, aze abalise ibali iqela labantu abatsha, ogama ubuhlobo iwela phantsi kwempembelelo totalitarianism.

Okona kubalulekileyo, umbhali ilawula ukubalaselisa kephofu yoyikekayo: abantu idlwengulweyo, ukufumana intuthuzelo ngamaphupha ze ngoozwilakhe. Isizukulwana omdala baseJamani uhlanga owayehlala ngoko eRomania, ngokutsho umbhali, bafaka kuzinikela ngokunyanisekileyo uHitler kunye neengcamango zakhe.

iprozi Mueller

leitmotif Common, nto leyo uzama ukubonisa ukuba umfundi Herta Mueller, ngandlel efanayo-siseko romanticism zoncwadi - ". womlinganiswa engaqhelekanga kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga" Kuphela Muller ke ngobugcisa bomntu ukukhula kwiimeko ngokungenabuntu, ngokunjalo bengqondo, ezilawulwa yi abacinezelekileyo abacinezeli. Ngokucacileyo le mibono kuvela kwinoveli, "Akwaba ndibe andizange ndibone ngokwam namhlanje," 1997. Kulo ngumsebenzi oselula ihlasela tormentor, emele inkqubo nokunyanzeliswa komthetho.

Kulo nyaka mnye wapapasha inoveli "Assignment" kwi uhambo kwi esiporweni osebenza efektri eziqhelekileyo, ngubani wacela imibuzo engalindelekanga ezifana utshintsho ngequbuliso kule ndlela tram. iingxaki ezifanayo lithathelwe ebuntwini kuluntu yileyo lunikezelwa umsebenzi yangaphambili "Journey ngomlenze omnye," apho isiRomania oselula imvelaphi German uzama ukumelana ebomini emva kokuba inxaxheba nolwalamano olusondeleyo amadoda amathathu kwangoko.

"Swing Ukuphefumla"

"Swing yokuphefumla" (in translation lobeko Russian eziqhelekileyo "Ukuphefumla") - kwinoveli edumileyo, owabhala Herta Müller. Iimpendulo ngaye abahlalutyi zoncwadi kunye nabafundi ngeendlela ezininzi, wamngenisa kuye; wamngena ke Nobel Prize.

Ophambili kulo msebenzi - a German oselula, owathi ngo-1945, wagxothelwa USSR. Lowo une-17 leminyaka kuphela ubudala, nto nje ekuqaleni ukuqonda ihlabathi yaye unovelwano utshintsho ngokwako - Umtsalane ngesini abantu. Ngeli xesha, kunye nayo yonke idolophu omdala lomthonyama wanyanzelwa ukuba aye kwinkampu eSoviet Ukraine. Ophambili izibandakanye yezandla enzima, abalambayo nengqele. Ndizama ukuba bangene kweli hlabathi, ukwakha indlela yonxulumano ndawonye namadindala, abafuduki kunye namanye amabanjwa. Ngaphezu konke ukufa Indlala ke isithunywa, yaye ekugqibeleni ophambili azishiye ubomi yokomoya, ngokukhetha nethuku komzimba iimfuno okuphila nokondla.

I Nobel Prize

Ngo-2009, lo uphumeleleyo Nobel Prize for uncwadi Herta Müller waqala. Umbhali Amafoto ke wathatha kube indawo kwi kumaphepha phambi kumajelo yehlabathi.

Lo mxholo uphambili umsebenzi wakhe - ukuba kuziswe umfundi ukuba amava ngayo unfreedom kunye nobundlobongela obujoliswe loo mntu, uthethe inkumbulo ezihlangeneyo, ukusuka apho Basoloko bezama ukuba bathabath eninzi ukuba ukukhumbula kabi ezoyikisayo. Umzekelo, kwi-Ceauşescu urhulumente.

Ukongezelela iprozi, luvelisa Herta Müller iincwadi kwezibongo isincoko eziqokelelwayo. Yena kutsalela imifanekiso aze eni.

In Russia kuphela kutshanje waba ethandwayo Herta Müller. I-Nobel Prize zanikwa kuye, wadlala indima. iincwadi zayo sizinikele kuphela kwimiba pan-Europe, kodwa ingxaki isizwe isiRomania. Umzekelo, Mueller aliyeki ukweyisa abantu isiRomania, ngokukhawuleza kakhulu umlibele zoyikekayo lobuzwilakhe.