Hemolysis - yintoni na le nto? Hemolysis igazi, hemolysis kwenxenye

Ukutshatyalaliswa elibomvu legazi inwebu kunye kukhuthaza ngehemoglobin kulo plasma kuthiwa hemolysis. Le nkqubo lwenzeka ngenxa yesenzo a haemolysin kwento ekhethekileyo (hemolysin). Izikhumba iiseli ezibomvu zingaqalisa ukuba uyasilela ngenxa ityhefu okanye bakerialnyh wavelisa izilwa-buhlungu. Okwangoku, oogqirha baye bafumana ezininzi kwiintlobo yale nkqubo. Bona zihlelwa kuxhomekeke indlela wemfundo, kuloo ndawo apho udlula zizifo kungabangela.

Sisazi ukuba hemolysis - ukutshatyalaliswa iiseli ezibomvu, apho athwala ekhululwa kubo, abaninzi ningaqondi, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba oku kunokwenzeka.

Izinto ezikhokelela ukutshatyalaliswa inwebu erythrocyte

Ukujongana nkqubo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukufumanisa, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba intshabalalo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi aqale. Kuxhomekeka indlela yeziganeko ezenzekileyo, ezi ndidi zilandelayo hemolysis.

1. Natural. Le inkqubo ke ithabatha gqolo indawo emzimbeni, iqala ekupheleni komjikelo wobomi eliqhelekileyo ngamnye iiseli ezibomvu, ubomi malunga 100-130 iintsuku.

2. Chemical. Oku kwenzeka xa iiseli ezibomvu egazini ziya kuboniswa lunezinto iyanyibilika lipids ndizayo. Ezi ziquka ezahlukeneyo kwealkali, alkoholi, glycol, chloroform. Umzekelo, hemolysis libizwa xa umntu anetyhefu ithamo elikhulu acetic acid.

3. Biology. erythrocytes esingxotyeni aqale phantsi ngenxa Ityhefu hemolytic exposure, umz, ngenxa impovane okanye ndyoka. Kwakhona, hemolysis begazi kwenzeka ngenxa ukutofelwa igazi ezingahambelaniyo.

4. Ubushushu. Xa qhwa erythrocyte igazi ice ziikristale kwakheka. Emva thawing yawo bayawaphula iqokobhe.

5. Mechanical. Xa kwenyikima kwabakho inqanawa negazi okanye nezixhobo ezihamba zokumpompa leyo ngokuzenzela inkxaso ukujikeleza, zonakaliswe erythrocytes.

6. I osmotic. Ukuba corpuscles ebomvu kuwa ngoLwesithathu, apho uxinzelelo osmotic kuya kuba ngaphantsi egazini, ukuze ndiziqhawule. Kuyinto impahla yabo isetyenziselwa lokufunyaniswa sifo okanye zesibindi izifo.

Izinto ezibangela hemolysis

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na xa kuziwa iiseli ezibomvu egazini, kufuneka uqonde ngokupheleleyo eli gama ezifana hemolysis. Oku Iiseli intshabalalo iqokobhe kunokwenzeka intracellularly okanye iimpahla. Kaninzi ezi ndidi hemolysis ezibangelwa zizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kodwa ke inwebu erythrocyte nga kutshatyalaliswa ngendlela ngumntu kwizifundo elebhu.

Xa kuziwa hemolysis intravascular, iqokobhe corpuscles ebomvu kwimeko zonakele kwinkqubo nokuhamba kwegazi. Oku kwenzeka kwezi zifo zilandelayo:

- igazi hemolytic kubandakanywa sokuhlasela;

- hemoglobinuria paroxysmal ebusuku;

- isifo paroxysmal agglutinins ezibandayo.

Kwakhona hemolysis vntutrisosudisty isenokubonisa ityhefu iityhefu hemolytic.

Ukutshatyalaliswa erythrocytes kwenzeka phakathi kwiiseli esibindini, udakada okanye ithambo umongo. Oku ambona iingxaki zempilo ezifana microspherocytosis njengelifa, igazi samathambo kunye thalassemia. Ukwazi ngoonobangela ezikhokelela ukutshatyalaliswa inwebu legazi elibomvu, kuba kucacile ukuba hemolysis - kuyingozi. Phela, le nkqubo intracellular soloko ilandelwa yi wawandisa udakada wesibindi ubukhulu.

Iimpawu hemolysis

Ukuba umzimba womntu baqalisa ukuba ndidilize elingaphaya iiseli ezibomvu, ngoko baziphawule kuphela xa indlela zale sifo. Ezi mpawu zixhaphakileyo ukutshatyalaliswa kwamalweyile ngendlela erythrocytes zezo: integuments yellowness okanye pallor, kuncitshiswa uxinzelelo, ukubetha ngokukhawuleza. Le miqondiso kwakhona ziquka izikhonkwane zaqina kunye neenwele.

Kodwa abaninzi abazi nokuba kaninzi abazi ukuba i hemolysis igazi. Yintoni na bafunde ngengozi, a iimviwo zonyango. Kodwa ikhondo etsolo badla ngokuba isicaphucaphu, isiyezi, ukudinwa, ubuthathaka kunye nomkhuhlane.

Hemolysis kungabangela anaemia, nto leyo kuyingozi kuba kunokubangela egazi igazi ophezulu okanye ekhokelela cholelithiasis.

Ngaba sikho isizathu sokuba ukothuka?

Kukho iimeko apho izigulane kuyanyanzeleka ukuba aphinde nemvavanyo zaselaborathri ngenxa yokuba hemolysis yenzekile. Amaninzi aqalile ukukhangela yimiqondiso izifo ezinobungozi, izilonda eziyityhefu okanye nje ityhefu. Kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi akukho sizathu inkxalabo, kuba inwebu erythrocyte inokuba kutshatyalaliswa ngenxa yezinto koomatshini. Umzekelo, ngokufuthi iiseli igazi nokuba yonakele kwinkqubo igazi igazi kwityhubhu uvavanyo, ukuba inaliti kakhulu okanye umongikazi ngokukhawuleza pushes igazi. Erythrocytes yagaleleka eludongeni ityhubhu uqhume. Ngenxa yoko, i-plasma uba pink, uzahlule ngendlela icentrifuge kube nzima.

Kwiimeko ezinjalo sithi kukho hemolysis buso. Asinto isifo kodwa ngenxa yegazi ngokungafanelekanga kwesampulu yokugcina yayo, izithuthi okanye ukusingatha. Kuba uhlalutyo ethembekileyo kufuna inxalenye eyahlukileyo egazini. Isigulana kulo mzekelo, ngaphambi kokuba udlulise i kulingwa bacetyiswa ukusela amanzi acocekileyo.

hemolysis yayiyazi

Kodwa ukuba unobangela sokonakalisa iiseli ezibomvu - hayi imposiso abongikazi, sithetha ingxaki enkulu. Amaninzi hemolysis zizitye ngenxa ukutofelwa igazi xa kukho iiseli ezingahambelaniyo ezibomvu. Ngenxa yoko, oku kukhokelela ukuze ukusebenza kwenkqubo ngumphelelisi coagulation kunye nezifo humoral.

Kulula ukubona, kuba sohlala kweli hemolysis mzekelo - oku kuyingxaki enkulu, nto leyo enika umfanekiso ocacileyo clinical. Ukuba isigulana abazi, uya ezikhala iintlungu esifubeni, iqolo, iintlungu esiswini, ukuphazamiseka, imvakalelo ifiva, tachycardia. Uxinzelelo kwafuneka lincitshiswe. Ukuba hemolysis waqala ngexesha umsebenzi wenziwe phantsi zomzimba jikelele, imiqondiso bekuya kuba ukopha amanxeba, yaye xa kukho catheter wokuchama - kuya kubakho umchamo obomvu okanye emnyama.

uphando laboratory

uvavanyo kuthathwa ukuba ukuqinisekisa uxilongo. Ukuba hemolysis nomonde, thrombocytopenia ngoko iziphumo zeemvavanyo yegazi iza kudizwa, hemoglobinemia, bilirubinemia, ukunciphisa amandla anticoagulant kunye fibrinolytic. Xa umchamo, isigulana siya kuba amanqanaba siphakamileyo of creatine kuya kwenzeka hemoglobinuria, hyperkalemia, sinciphise ubungakanani umchamo de ukungabikho kwayo ngokupheleleyo.

Phezu isiqinisekiso ukuba iiseli ingakhangelwa zitshatyalalisiwe, unyango olufanelekileyo kufuneka ufakwe.

unyango

Misa hemolysis yesilungu kakhulu amandla. Ukuba kwabangelwa ukutofelwa igazi, amanyathelo zonyango kufuneka lujoliswe ukuyekwa impi ukumnika iiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ukongezelela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ukuqala ukutofelwa kwezisombululo ezizodwa ezinokuthi iyaluthintela uphuhliso hypovolemia, hypoperfusion sezintso. Kwakhona plasmapheresis wazithwala yeyiphi ejolise ukususwa elijikeleza haemoglobin simahla egazini. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kwiimeko ezininzi le lesitofu arhente "lweeHedfowuni" yegazi nge infusomats. Kuyanceda ukuba ukumelana hemolysis etsolo kunye neziyobisi "Prednisolone". zenziwa Bonke abaqeshwe ezisekelwe kwi imeko yesigulane, kukwabalulekile ukuba ukwazi eyadlulayo waqalisa elide kangakanani hemolysis. Oku kunceda oogqirha isigqibo ngamaqhinga unyango, kuba kwezinye iimeko kuyimfuneko ukubamba i ihaemodialysis likaxakeka. Umzekelo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuba kuye kwafunyanwa ukuba yomguli ukusilela renal.

Amayeza njengonobangela hemolysis

Xa ukusebenzisa amayeza athile erythrocytes nazo kutshatyalaliswa. Ngokusebenzisa ebangela hemolysis kwegazi, abandakanya amaqela eziliqela iziyobisi.

1. Analgesics: "Amidopyrine", "aspirin", "Antipyrin".
2. Womchamo: "Fonurit", "Diakarb".
3. Nitrofurans "furadonin", "Furazolin".
4. Sulfonamides "Sulfalen", "salazosulfapiridina", "salazopiridazina", "Sulfapiridazin".
5. amachiza Hypoglycemic, "Tolbutamide", "Hlorpropamid".
6. amachiza Anti-TB, "isoniazid", "PAS".
7. amachiza seengcongconi, "Umkhwinini", "Akrikhin", "Primaquine."

Xa usebenzisa le arhente singabonakala hemolysis. Oku akubonisi naziphi na iingxaki, yena ivela njenge impendulo kulo unyango.