Gun Matchlock. Imbali okuba nemipu

Xa Ekuveleni XIII kunye XIV iinkulungwane, ihlabathi alusincedanga kakhulu izixhobo - kwakukho ezingabonwayo de Iisampulu kokudutyulwa kwi izixhobo wemikhosi yaseYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, lo lomgubo nesiseko sayo, abasebefe kade phambi kokuba lwasungulwa China, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuphela ukuba umlilo. BaseYurophu baye baba bantu practical ngakumbi, yaye kungekudala intsimi yokulwa yaba uzipapashe cannonade.

izixhobo ezintsha ibonwe

Ixesha kompu mveliso i shaka yokuqala. Nangona bakudala yabo engafezekanga, ngoko nangoko wadala inzuzo ebalulekileyo yasemkhosini. Ukuba amandla etshabalalisayo ngemipu kangako, lo ukusebenza kwengqondo kwisicelo zabo enkulu. Yanele ukuba ukucinga into amele ukuba wavakalelwa kwi phambi iqela le flash eqaqambileyo kunye ngengxolo eyoyikekayo nentshinyela yomsi. Kwaye ke prosvistevshee ezingundoqo emoyeni, ndawaphula eludongeni inqaba, akazange ukwandisa nethemba.

Yaba ixesha phambi kokuba izimvo ze-armourers bamandulo zabaqhubayo ukudala ngokusekelwe zokudubula enkulu yaye angenzi inguqulo zabo ezincinane. Le kuyilo ukuba amajoni babambe umpu ngesandla sakhe, nokugcina ukuhamba eyaneleyo Ngokubetha utshaba mgama. Ngoko ke kwabonakala umpu matchlock yokuqala.

Le fowuni i imizekelo zokuqala lwezixhobo ezincinane

isixhobo Technical, ukuba sifunda ukhokho wayo - umpu. Hi ndlela leyi, nkqu amagama kubo efanayo. Umzekelo, gunsmiths Western eYurophu ukuvelisa ekuthiwa-njalo bombardelly - uguqulelo amancinane bombards kunye eRashiya Ndizolulela ruchnitsy, esetyenziselwa adubula kuyo. I iisampuli yokuqala yezi zixhobo kukho tube yesinyithi malunga kwimitha ubude kunye neesentimitha ukuya ku amane zamafu. Enye ekupheleni kwayo wenza lisi, kukho umngxuma eweva encotsheni ucinezelo.

Le tube Igcwele kwibhokisi eyenziwe ngeplanga, yanamathela noko ngamakhonkco yesinyithi. Siyala isicheme umpu. Kuye batyhileka yaluthuli eluthulini, nto leyo zilinganisiwe usebenzisa isipha. Emva koko ke umphanda Undityhale imbumbulu. Xa imizekelo okuqala indima yayo yenziwa amatye amancinci ubudeki efanelekileyo. Emva koko, lo mpu wayekulungele ukulwa. Endinokuthi ndizise kuphela ukuba le thagethi awuse ucinezelo umngxuma yale igqengezelayo kwi intonga obuselukhambeni metal.

ezifunyanisiweyo Technical gunsmiths

Ekubeni iingalo ezincinane weza ukusetyenziswa, usoloko ukuphucula. Ngokomzekelo, kwinkulungwane XV matchlock gun waba ucinezelo umngxuma kwicala lasekunene, yaye kwithala esikhethekileyo kumisa kufutshane kuyo, apho zakhiwe ngumgubo imbewu. Oku kuyilwa baba nethuba: ukuzisa umsonto ukuya kwithala (kulo mzekelo - intonga yale igqengezelayo), lo shooter hayi ngaphezu injongo, njengoko kwakunjalo ngaphambili. Ngenxa uphuculo gingxi ezinjalo ukwandisa kakhulu ekuchanekeni ukudubula.

Ezi nguqu zilandelayo, nto leyo ithe umpu matchlock, yabe injalo imbonakalo enesiciko kwakuxhomekeke likhusela kwithala kunye umgubo imbewu ukufuma nokuqhelana nomoya. Kwaye ke kukho technical kraca idabi lokwenene ukuze kuchazwe linseed umsonto indawo intonga yesinyithi ebomvu-eshushu. nitrate Okwenziwe okanye iwayini utywala, oko smoldered ixesha elide yaye ngokugqibeleleyo uzalisekisa umsebenzi wayo, fuse ovuthayo.

Ukuveliswa adubule

Kodwa gun matchlock endala kwaqhubeka kugula. Ingxaki yayikukuba obethe kwakufuneka ukuba zazise kwithala ingalo kunye umgubo imbewu, ngenxa yokuba yintoni na edla miss ngokuthi ukudubula. Noko ke, gunsmiths ziye isonjululwe le ngxaki. Baya yamba umngxuma kwibhokisi yamaplanga, yaye idlule metal band ngokohlobo leta S, iya movably bawafaka phakathi.

Ukuze ekupheleni eliphezulu kwayo kongomisiwaka eka ezishelfini engenanto, abe eqiniselweendlwini, umsonto engamabhodlo, yaye inxalenye kwezinto umsebenzi ofanayo 'umnyele mihla ezingalweni ezincinane. Wamzama ngomnwe inxalenye engentla wawa, fuse ilunyekwa lo wompu, balandela shot. Le uyilo basindiswe bengabatoli ukusuka imfuneko sihlale sisondele owawusembawuleni endle.

Ekupheleni kwale matchlock muzzleloader ngenkulungwane XV ukuba ifakelwe isixhobo ezizodwa, ngakumbi ke kuphucula impumelelo ukudubula. Loo matchlock yokuqala, umpu prototype of ukuvalwa elizayo. Abanye kwexesha kamva ukuba mayixhotyiswe isikhusele ekhusela iliso shooter kule kokuqhambuka ucinezelo of kwazo. Oku kuyilwa kwaba luphawu ukuba imveliso yeenkosi of England.

Ukusika amabhakethi nezinye ihlaba nokuphuculwa

Ngeminyaka yenkulungwane XVI esi siganeko ibalulekileyo ekuphuculeni iingalo ezincinane ibe ukuvela kwi imiphanda zokuqala ziphangwe. Baye ceba gunsmiths evela eNuremberg, kunye nokusebenza ezintsha ezinjalo ngoko nangoko kwabonakala njengoko ziphangwe umpu matchlock ukuba ukubetha iithagethi ngokuchanileyo enkulu.

iinguqu ezibalulekileyo nawo ngeli xesha, kunye lempundu. Phambi kokuba okulungileyo, yaye ukudubula kuyo waphumla ngawo nxamnye esifubeni, nto leyo eyabangela ukuphazamiseka kakhulu. iinkosi French wamnika imilo egosogoso, okwaye kwabonelela ulwalathiso amandla bahlehla is back nje kuphela, njengoko kwakunjalo ngaphambili, kodwa phezulu. Ngapha koko, oku kungaba umhlana isekelwe nxamnye emagxeni. Yiyo le kuyilo iye Classic waza wahlala ngokubanzi ukuya namhlanje.

Ukuvela muskets matchlock

Ekupheleni kwale lwemipu ngesandla-eyayibanjwe ngenkulungwane XVI ekugqibeleni ethathe imilo njenge uhlobo ozimeleyo, abaye ngokusisigxina kuyilo, ukususela iingxaki zokudubula yakhe. Ngeli xesha, ekungeneni ngokubanzi kumagama Lexicon zomkhosi ezifana umsonto musket arquebus, musket, njalo-njalo. Le gunsmiths woyilo loo minyaka yabangela zokuphucula ngakumbi nangakumbi.

Ngokomzekelo, omnye musket ezaziwayo-kakuhle wabonakala emva ingcamango ezelwe ukuba umpu matchlock ziyawuchaphazela ngenkxaso ebizwa podsoshkom. Kubonakala fyabo elula ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ke kwangoko kangangoko ukuphucula nokuchaneka kunye noluhlu, ukuba andise zizicatshulwa le bhafu kunye nokudala extras ukulwa. Museum izixhobo ezifakwe kwi ukucacisa le Hermitage, linembali ingqokelela iisampuli iingalo ezincinane xesha.

Ububi umsonto izikhali

Kodwa zonke iinzame ukuphucula, kancinane ngaphambi ikuqhuma musket matchlock ngenkulungwane ye-15. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, ngaphambi kokuba wenze shot, oko kwakufuneka, wahlala apho ndandisisigculelo emhlabeni, ukuba balale kuso ubungakanani obaneleyo powder. Emva koko, usebenzisa i isipha kunye ramrod, ngokucokisekileyo ayitywine aze uwise kungena imbumbulu. Emva koko ugalele phezu umgubo imbewu kwithala, uvale isiciko ufake umsonto eqhumayo. Ngoko isibonelelo size siphinde siwuvule kuphela emva kokuba sele ethatha injongo. Ukucikideka kwabonisa ukuba le nkqubo yonke kuthatha imizuzu emibini ubuncinane, kwimeko yokulwa eninzi kunene. Kodwa kule izixhobo hlabathi abangafezekanga, ukuba umlilo, iye ngokwesiseko zatshintsha inkqubo ngenxa yokuziphatha yemfazwe.

Kweempumelelo zemigaqo-iingalo Russian

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba muskets, wenza eRashiya ngenkulungwane XVII kwaye yayisetyenziselwa emkhosini, kunye Dutch, akukho ndlela elingezantsi yokugqibela iimpawu zakhe zokulwa, kunye neesampuli ngamanye bangcono kakhulu kubo. Ngeli xesha umkhosi Russian ubukhulu becala kwatshintsha ngenxa iinguqu olwenziwa kuyo, ngenxa neemfuno imeko yezembali kunye nezopolitiko loo minyaka. Ukukhusela urhulumente amalinge nokusingelwa uchuku yi abamelwane Koloni yotshintsho yomkhosi wakhe kuyimfuneko, kwaye enye yeencindi yayo yaba ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo, kuquka iingalo ezincinane.

aid German ngokudubula musket

muskets ubuchwepheshe Ukusetyenziswa ixesha wabonisa kakuhle yapapashwa ngo-1608 eJamani, kukho okhethekileyo sisixhobo zoqeqesho infantrymen. Oku kuboniswa ngokobutyebi yimikrolo igcisa Yakova Van Gein, ibonisa indlela kulayishwa zokuzenzela ne ngokumba iindlela zonyango. Ukongeza, imizobo kuvumela umfundi mihla ukuqonda indlela ukuzijonga iintolo yokulwa izixhobo ngokupheleleyo.

Ngokucacileyo ibonakale liyayishicilela-ekuthiwa Bandelier - imixwayo, ezinxitywa phezu igxalaba lasekhohlo apho ziqhotyoshelwe ezilishumi elinesihlanu izikhongozeli isikhumba kunye nganye ziqulathe ngecala olulodwa of kwazo. Ngaphezu koko, ibhanti mbono waba igutyana omile nomgubo imbewu eluthulini. Zincedise ingxowa ngubo nge pyzhami kunye iimbumbulu. Ndimele ndithi ukuba eli hlelo lwe namhlanje lixabiso elikhulu, yaye imyuziyam onge kwezixhobo ubhalwe ukucacisa zabo.