F. M. Dostoevsky, "Elivisayo": isishwankathelo kunye nohlalutyo

Malunga Fyodor Dostoevsky sinokuthi oku - "ingqondo, nembeko iBhunga 'ngayo ixesha lakhe, njengomntwana onengqondo enkulu ezakudala Russian. Iingxaki yoluntu ibonisa ukuba afanelekileyo kakhulu kuthi namhlanje. Kakade ke, yena umfo emibi kunye neminqweno, kwaye mbini enye abalinganiswa bakhe, usoloko uchaza ngothando olukhulu kunye nokuqonda, Noko ke, uhlala phambili umzabalazo kunye, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ukuze yena.

Nokuba "Elivisayo" inoveli ngayo? Isishwankathelo umsebenzi asisiniki umfanekiso opheleleyo, Noko ke, eliphalala ukukhanya kwimiba emininzi ubomi abantu, abafana abaninzi, kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, ukulungele ukuncama yonke into ngenxa yemali: uzuko, igama nesikhundla.

bengqondo Pure kunye ngokoqobo

Akukho lula kwinoveli "Elivisayo", isishwankathelo leyo eyalatha ukuba, ukuba ukujongana neengxaki zabo yangaphakathi, umntu udla uhamba Uyageza ukuzibulala okanye abazinikeleyo. Ukusuka ukuhlonipheka ukuba isimilo yena usoloko inyathelo elinye. Ngephanyazo, akaba ndizivelele Xolela, ukunyelisa okanye njengokwamkelekileyo ngamanye amaxesha Akucaci apho inyaniso kunye ubuxoki.

Abagxeki baye ukumangalelwa Dostoevsky ukuba ngokusengqiqweni naye wachaza isimo sengqondo zabalinganiswa bakhe kunye ezinzima, apho amaqhawe ayo. Ukusuka umbhali nabagxeki bafumene ngokuphandle Amacebo ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba sikhethe yona kwezinye iimeko ningakhethi buso, yaye mhlawumbi iziganeko zolwaphulo-mthetho.

Kuba indoda nzima kakhulu kwaba F. Dostoyevsky. "Teen" (isishwankathelo imveliso iya kuxoxwa kamva) ukubonisa ngokupheleleyo kule ngxelo ka mhaka leyi.

Arkady

Xa umsebenzi wakhe, malunga apho kuya kuxoxwa, umlinganiswa ophambili - kancinane nalwazi, ezingento, abasemngciphekweni eyingqondi, sisingxami elivisayo. Umxholo Dostoevsky izahluko yenoveli akazange azi esikucelayo ethile intanda enzulu iingcamango umdla kuzo zonke iintlobo zabantu. Wonke umntu ohlala ilungele yakhe -, kwezoqoqosho, njl kwezopolitiko, inkolo, uthando Konke kuxhomekeke kuphuhliso amasiko alo, ngokuziphatha nangokomoya. Ophambili iphinde ihambisane ingcamango - kungakhathaliseki ukuba zizityebi. Kodwa kamva kulo.

Dostoevsky, "Elivisayo": Isishwankathelo

Into yokuqala ebeganga iliso kwi uhlalutyo imveliso - into ingxaki yanaphakade "ooyise noonyana" kuba ziza kuboniswa amaqhawe ezimbini - amabini umfana Arkady Makarovich Dolgoruky, leyo wayizalela igama likayise ngokusesikweni Makar ivanov Dolgoruky - serf usapho Versilov kunye noyise Arcadia - igosa lakomkhulu Andrei Petrovich Versilov. UMama lamadodana, kakhulu, sisidwangube iyadi, kamva ngentlawulelo Dolgoruky Versilov, owayehlala naye waza wamzalela abantwana ababini nangaphezulu - Lisa, yaye omnye nkwenkwe, wafa kwangoko sifo. Ukusuka kwezi ziganeko, kusekwangoko kakhulu amakhulu, wayesoloko intlungu ebonakalayo ebusweni bakhe.

Arkadiy Makarovich waba 'umgqakhwe "- jonga zicocekile nice siziphekuze kunye elivisayo ophilayo. Isishwankathelo ngaye uthi waphumelela kwisikolo eMoscow, hayi ngoko akazange afune ukufunda. Phambi kokuba isikolo wafundiswa Touchard pension French kwaye ithe eninzi uthotywa kunye ukuxhaphaza ngoogxa babo ngenxa illegitimacy zabo, baze emva koko ngenxa yegama Dolgoruky. Kuluntu, xa athe wabonakala, wayesoloko wacelwa ukuba phinda: "? Prince". Ngayo nomsindo nje. Ngenxa yokuba lo mntu mna ndimdala msinya kakhulu. Ngoku iphupha lakhe umnqweno ukuba zizityebi nje eRothschild. Oku kuya kumnika igunya phezu kwabanye abantu kwaye simahla, ubomi wedwa. Njengoko sele ngokucacileyo kule ugxininisa Dostoevsky. "Elivisayo", isishwankathelo kunye nohlalutyo eziza kuqwalaselwa ngenjongo yophuhliso iziganeko, njengoko imveliso kunzima ngokwaneleyo ukuqonda. Kunjalo ...

uphawu

Xa Arkady wabonakala phezu emnyango unyana esemthethweni Versilov, kodwa kuphela ukwenzela ukuba uthumele imali esiyifumana kuyise. Umntakwabo enaningamkelanga zona, kodwa wamnika kuphela imali ngomkhonzi wakhe. Arkady Kwaba kubi emehlweni. ikratshi lakhe kwiimeko ezinjalo Kulula kakhulu ukuba nomntana, nangona kunjalo, uhlobo kunye ngomdla ngemvelo, wakhawuleza yadamba yaye ngoko nangoko zigqithiswe uthando nendumiso xa waphathwa ngokuphucukileyo kwaye ngendlela lwabahlali.

Ekunye umzalwana wakhe, koko babe. Wayesoloko waba neengxaki ezithile xa usebenza nabantu, kudla Kucingelwa ukuba nje intlekisa, nokudlala. Kwaye Yena, njengaye nawuphi na umntu oselula nebhongo neqhayiya ngokwakhe afuna sengqondo esifanelekileyo.

Petersburg

Kwaye ngoku, ekugqibeleni, weza ekhaya nabazali bakhe eSt Petersburg. UTata wamema kuye ukususela wafumana umsebenzi kuye. Versilov uSister washumayela zonke iintlobo iingcinga "ubumi lwehlabathi," inkcubeko Russian yaye "iingcamango vseprimirenie." Kuba Arcadia Makarovicha yena kwegunya kuphela kunye iphefumlelwe ephambili kweyabo kuba yena waye ukulungele batole Kungquzulwano.

Noko ke, naphezu kwayo yonke le nto, waya eSt Petersburg kunye uvalo othile, njengoko malunga uyise hamba amarhe ezimbi, kwaye ufuna ukufumanisa ukuba yonke into ngokwenene.

incwadi obulalayo

Noko ke, kancinane emva koko kuya kutyhila zonke iimfihlelo inoveli "Elivisayo" Dostoevsky. amanqaku, isishwankathelo ukuba Arkady nangoko amalungiselelo unobhala nomhlobo kayise - Prince Sokolsky UNikolai Ivanovich. A kancinane emva kwakhe, ishiya nentombi yakhe UKaterina Nikolaevna Ahmakova bammangalela zaseMelika - eli sisithuko akaba nako ukuma nje.

A kancinane phambi weza ilifa amaxwebhu ababini, omnye wabo - na uxwebhu, esasisithi ukuba Versilov abaphezulu iphumelele isimangalo kunye Sokolsky, kodwa lihlaziywe nangaliphi na ixesha, kwaye isigqibo ibe nje eyahlukileyo.

Uxwebhu yesibini wamnika KRAF lowo kungekudala shot. Eli phepha ileta apho bathetha malunga nento yokuba intombi ka-Prince Sokolsky athi uyise wakhe moronic, nto leyo esele ngenxa yokwaluphala awanakukwazi ukuthatha izigqibo ezizimeleyo yaye, ke ngoko, oko kufuna ukhathalelo. Le leta, xa yawa ezandleni benganga omdala, ange kwabangela ihlazo elikhulu yaye kufuneka umisele nxamnye intombi kayise, kuwe.

"Elivisayo": Isishwankathelo iindawo

Ngelo xesha linye i-Versilov omncinane rhoqo uqokelela zonke iintlobo ulwazi malunga uyise yaye ekugqibeleni uyaqonda ukuba umzali wakhe azithanda ayikho ngokwenene ungubani ubanga ukuba. Kukudla komlilo wawagalela ngamarhe ziphambene mnye, wazibulala. Kwandula ke kwabakho umntwana, leyo wayizalela kusolwa kuye umntu eyahlukileyo. Ke kukho abathile ulwalamano elihlebo UKaterina Ivanovna Ahmakovoy. Nengcinga yokuba uyise wayengumntu uburheletyo, njengonqevu kunye obangela, Arkady Makarovich wayefuna ukuba ulishiye. Kodwa amaxesha lobuxoki ngoko ukufumana phandle, uze emva koko uyise nonyana wabonisa ukuba kwabanye nokuzifica nganye. Ngaphezu koko - nokuba sisondele omnye komnye.

Xa UKaterina Nikolaevna ziyamenywa kwintlanganiso Arkady kumakazi intonga yakhe Tatiana Pavlovna. Yena meets ndedwa yaye ngoko nangoko uphefumlela kule ntlanganiso. Kubonakala ukuba wamiselwa ubaqhubela. Wayecinga ukuba eli nenekazi inenkohliso ngenxa yeleta wone, kodwa imipu yena elula yakhe cordiality. Dolgoruky ukuba batsalwe ngokupheleleyo ecaleni lakhe, kodwa yena wamtyhala, nangona, yaye akazange azame kuwucima nolu- lo, kunokutshiseka.

nokunganaki

Ngelo xesha Dostoevsky inoveli isishwankathelo "Elivisayo" isakhiwo sebali mandundu ngakumbi iimfihlelo zabo.

Kangangexesha, ehlala eSt Petersburg, Arkady ngamakhoboka ukudlala okuphumelela ndaza ndaqalisa ukudlala lukhulu xa waboleka imali evela unyana xhego Sokolskogo Sergeya, owaswelekelwa ebomini. Nkqu inkonzo eganiweyo ukuqola, kuba ngawo sikweni wayegculela umlingane wakhe. Wandula ke wadibana Lisa, udade Arcadia, ke enguye ngokufihlakeleyo nangokuzinikela wayemthanda Ahmakovu, nto leyo efuna ukutshata.

Arkady yonke ezifundiweyo yaye ngoko nangoko bagqiba ukwenza asuse onke amatyala, ngokumnika konke agcinwe. Poor Liza, Noko ke, kungekudala wamitha. Prince luvo wazidiliza, isifo Bameyisile bona, kuba izinto ezindala wavalelwa entolongweni, apho wafela khona. Lisa kwiinyanga ezine waba isisu, yena babelala iinyanga ezintandathu sifo, kodwa emva koko waya izilungiso.

Ke Arkady esiva ukuba bakhe stepsister Akhmatova uza ukutshata uNkosana Sokolsky endala (kulo mzekelo, yena ufuna inzuzo, ngoko ke ngenene ufuna ukufumana ileta, kujongelwa phantsi intombi ka-Prince). Ngapha koko, ukuba akwazi kakuhle "ukwenza hay" kwi ilifa, eshiya intombi yabo abanyulwa, ngaphandle ilifa.

Makar ivanov Dolgoruky

Dostoevsky "Elivisayo" (isishwankathelo ngu izahluko) ngokoqobo otsho ngakumbi abatsha abantu - itshivela kunye blackmailers. Phantse bonke uqhagamshele ukukhangelwa oonobumba Ekateriny Ahmakovoy ngaphandle omnye - Makara ivanova Dolgoruky, kwintendelezo, nto leyo ibhalwe uyise Arcadia. Yena livela kanye endlwini Versilov. Yena yaba mnandi kakhulu kwaye uxatyiswa ukubalisa lakheke iincoko kwizilumko umdla kunye umntu owoyika uThixo, ukuqokelela amalizo ukuze kwakhiwe itempile. Lowo weza kubo wagula kakhulu kwaye ediniwe waza wafa. Ngexesha elifutshane, ngoxa kwikhaya labo, Arkady gqitha incamathele kuyo. Wayecinga ukuba ngcono zokucoca ngaphezu kwabo bonke abanye. Yile ndoda elula uphalaze umphefumlo ubomi ngokunika kwakhe ukukhanya ngokomoya nothando.

Mystery ukubaleka

Ngelo xesha linye uyise Versilov ukuba uyaqonda ukuba indoda nomfazi wakhe ngokusesikweni ethobekile Sophia, naye waphila iminyaka emininzi, wafa, kwaye ngoku ukhululekile. Noko ke, uya kuluhlu s'thandwa umhlolokazi yakhe yakudala Catherine Ahmakovoy kwaye acele ngesandla sakhe. Yena ngokoqobo uhamba uphambene kunye nothando lwakhe, kodwa wala.

weva Arkady izinto angazithandiyo ukusuka engumphangi ummelwane wakhe Lambert of UKaterina Ahmakovoy ufuna ukuziphindezelela uyise, yaye, ekugqibeleni, ukumnika ileta, kodwa imeko ukuba wayeza kuba ngumfazi wakhe (ngoko uye wacebisa Lambert). Ukongeza, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufuna ukubona lo mfanekiso ngasese wayebukele uyise, ukuba umbono wakhe umfanekiso wakhe ifanelekileyo abafazi ngephanyazo wawa, kuba busemngciphekweni kukho imali enkulu of ilifa lakhe.

Koku zonke ngamayelenqe ezisisiseko wakha Dostoevsky. "Elivisayo", isishwankathelo leyo iya kuqhubeka, - lithandana isiphumo engalindelekanga. Noko ke, silungiselela zibaluleke kakhulu.

ukweba

Xa Arkady lifikile kwakhona ukuba Lambert ukuxoxa icebo lakhe, kodwa yena wankcenkceshela, weba ileta athungwe zesanda ingubo yakhe, wagidima waya Versilov omdala.

Kwangaxeshanye, kwencinane, sobered yi champagne, ukuba Tatyana Pavlovna, kwaye uthi ufuna ukuthumela ileta kwi ezandleni kakhulu UKaterina Ivanovna buziphelise lo mba. Kodwa yonke into liwa, xa efumanisa ukuba loo leta aphumileyo. Into yokuba kubakhawulela sele ngasekhohlo Ahmakova, wabona Lambert kunye Versilia uze onokuzisebenzisa. Logama bemkile kude nekhaya Arkady kunye Tatiana Pavlovna, Lambert uzama kuyena UKaterina Ivanovna, kodwa ngokucacile uyala ukuthobela nemibandela yayo. Ngelo xesha kwelinye igumbi ebukele yonke picture Versilia. Yena lowo awufuni mali, yena nje ufuna ukubona indlela umfazi uthe kule meko-ethe kakhulu kwaye iyingozi, yaye oko kuza ingongoma ebalulekileyo ubukrwada Katherine ukuba imali. Nangona kunjalo, eli nenekazi ngokoqobo ayitshicele ebusweni ku Lambert, ngubani ijika esitsala umpu aze azame adubule kuye. Kukho sele intliziyo Andrei Petrovich nako ukuma, waza waziphosa kwi Lambert. kuqhume ngaphandle ... Lambert ulala phantsi ngokungathi abafileyo.

umphumela

IsakhiWo adumileyo ejijekileyo F. M. Dostoevsky! "Elivisayo", isishwankathelo leyo uzayo zokutshintsha, sele iza kugqitywa.

Apha ihamba Arkady yaye ebona uyise wayiguqula umpu kwaye ufuna ukudubula Ahmakovu, bagutyungelwe kukududuzela, eya kweyela nabasemabeleni, waza ke yena. Kodwa Arkady waba nako ukumthintela konke oku, ngexesha wabonakala phezu esengozini Tatyana Pavlovna, kodwa uyise ixesha ukudubula egxalabeni lakhe. Lambert ephila, sahlala, asafa, abaleke.

Njengoko nomcuphi enkulu akugqiba inoveli yakhe F. M. Dostoevsky. "Elivisayo", isishwankathelo leyo uwugcinayo umfundi ukuthingaza kude kube sekupheleni, ithi emva kokuba ebuyele zonke to- ileta imifanekiso Ahmakovoy lomtshato yakhe buring bebindekile ngenxa yokuba oko afunda ngayo ezinye iintlanganiso ngokufihlakeleyo kunye Arkady. Senior Versilov wabuyela nosapho lwakhe, kunye eli bali shot nge emagxeni wajika amarhe 'etyeni ukuba phantse weza ababhangayo. yonke intsapho sele iqalile ukuba siphile ngoxolo nolonwabo. Ahmakova waya kuhlala eParis kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kwakuhambisana Arkasha.

Xa inoveli "Elivisayo", isishwankathelo izahluko yokulanda umkhondo onesimilo esihle kwaye yokuziphatha ophambili, ngubani ngeli xesha kwafuneka akhule ndiye eyunivesithi. Zonke iziganeko wafumana azihlambululele amava elungileyo kakhulu kwaye isifundo ngempumelelo kwimfundo re-phambili yobuntu bakhe.