ESt George kaThixo Cathedral St. George xa Okukhulu: incazelo neefoto

Yuriev Monastery yenye omdala eRashiya. Kwixesha elidlulileyo, yayiliziko ngokomoya, kwaye ngoku - umsinga weemonki. It ibekwe iikhilomitha ezintlanu ukusuka Veliky Novgorod ngeenxa Lake Ilmen.

Imbali ingenzeka

Ngokutsho ngokwesithethe, woonongendi yasekwa ngo-1030 yi Yaroslav Izazi, ngubani elubhaptizweni oyingcwele igama igama George. Ngenxa yoko igama leziko ngokomoya.

Sisihlandlo sokuqala yembali ekuso 1119. ESt George kaThixo Cathedral St. George kaThixo Monastery, kwakunye nazo zonke izakhiwo ngamaplanga ekuqaleni. Kodwa lo nyaka, ngokuyalelwa Prince Mstislav, ibandla iingangamsha kungekabekwa litye. ESt George kaThixo Cathedral kokwabo imisebenzi inkosi uPetros, naye wadala Church of the Annunciation kwi Settlement. Le umakhi Russian yamandulo yokuqala, ogama lakhe likhankanywe encwadini yeembali.

Ekubeni Prince Mstislav yokuhlala ngelo xesha e Kiev, Cathedral eSt George kaThixo Novgorod yakhiwa phantsi kweliso unyana wakhe Vsevolod, kunye Kyriakos umphathi woonongendi.

Lo msebenzi waqhubeka iminyaka elishumi elinanye. Kwaye phambi kokuphela kweendonga zawo zagutyungelwa ngokupheleleyo esekelwe ezizodwa. Yeshumi Julayi 1130 kule cawe yamiselwa imbeko Georgiya Pobedonostsa. Nomcimbi Bishop John njengoko umphathi Cyriac, ngubani evuswa intloko ukwakhiwa, wafa kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokuba igqityiwe eSt waseGeorge Cathedral St. waseGeorge Monastery. Esekelwe kwakuso - Isakhiwo yomhombiso - zitshatyalalisiwe kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.

iimpawu zezakhiwo

Uvethe ngobukhulu, eSt George kaThixo Cathedral Novgorod, nangona obuphantsi ibandla St. Sofia, kodwa inxalenye ebuncwaneni izakhiwo ephakathi Russian. Ukohluka kwetempile ibonisa izimvo ezininzi elithandekayo ookhokho bethu bamandulo ngokuvumelana kunye nobuhle. Ngapha koko, ukuba ningandakheli isakhiwo, kodwa wabhala: "umfanekiso eBandleni Ngokwengcamango jikelele."

Solutions yezakhiwo

ESt George kaThixo Cathedral St. George kaThixo Monastery le imilinganiso gqitha: ubude oziimitha malunga namashumi amabini anesixhenxe, ububanzi ngaphezu elinesibhozo ubude kanye abangamashumi amathathu anesibini eemitha. iindonga zayo amaziko exutyiweyo - indibanisela iibhloko zamatye nezitena. Uphahla Original lalenziwe pozakomarnoy, ezifikelela ilothe sheets, kodwa kamva ukuba indawo a hipped. Kwaye kule fomu sele ngeyisekho nanamhla.

ESt George kaThixo Cathedral St. waseGeorge Monastery nigcobe iintloko ezintathu amalungiselelo asymmetrically. The Dome ephambili ebekwa sredokrestiem, okwesibini, ngaphakathi yazo indlwana elikhethekileyo ebomini emishini apha wedwa, into ihlelwe kwi sikwere elihamba inqaba ngasemntla-ntshona lembombo, kwaye eyesithathu - encinane - ukuba imali eseleyo yangaphambili.

Njengabanye amabandla zamandulo Russian, eSt George kaThixo Cathedral St. waseGeorge Monastery kufuphi Novgorod wenza njengoko kwisakhiwo esikhulu wamasiko. Kwi emantla-ntshona yinxalenye inkosi uPetros wabeka inqaba ebuxande ukuphakama enkulu ngokwaneleyo ne ngezinyuko lwangaphakathi uya Polat Cathedral. umyili Outstanding Russian sele ziphunyezwe ekwakhiweni imizwa emangalisayo kweefom kwaziswa isiphelo sendlela okuza kuphela ngokukhawuleza, kwakunye olinganise yayiyetyumzayo.

Solutions ezintsha

Nangona iikwayara yecawa zibekwe phezulu ngokwaneleyo, kodwa musa ukukhangela zatisnutymi phantsi neengqameko. Intshona kunye nempuma yeli isakhiwo azikho kwindawo elinganayo, okufana ne zesikhumbuzo bokwakha efanayo. Ukongeza, inkosi, ukunyusa ububanzi neefeleni ezincinane, nto leyo kathathu mkhulu ububanzi beendonga, Oriental wenza amanxeba ezimbalwa.

Etempileni, ngokungathi engaqondanga zifakwe kwicandelo elithile endlini, eyenzelwe imithandazo, baze kancinane - isibingelelo.

Ngaphandle Cathedral St. George njengokuba wamazwi nje ngaphakathi. Apha, Noko ke, kukho ledayimenshini ngokumangalisayo ngokulinganayo oluboniswe obuninzi iibhanti amalungiselelo iifestile efana kunye yayigcinwa. Ukubunjwa ulinganiswe waziva abayinqobo zemfundo, phantse imperceptible ngenxa umthamo zokwakha yezi nomsebenzi wamatye enamandla uyakhawuleza imigca ngqongqo kakhulu.

Le umhombiso elingaphakathi

Inkangeleko yanamhlanje zetempile ikufutshane ngokwaneleyo neloqobo, kanye njengokuba kwakunjalo kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo, uze ubone ukuba abakhenkethi beza Novgorod. ESt George kaThixo Cathedral St. George kaThixo Monastery na embindini ebonisa ubuntu kunye nokuqeshwa kwakhe isikhulu libandla kwaye ngexesha elinye. Ukuze batyelele Mstislav kunye nonyana wakhe Vsevolod kunye neentsapho zabo zicwangcise engqungqa ezinkulu. Apha, kwi isithethe Slavic, kwaye ke "egumbini".

Le nezivalo cross-angqukuva kunye Cathedral shestistolpny amathathu apse esibingelelweni. Kukho kwakhona ikwayala yenziwe Izindlwana ezimbini: imbeko Annunciation of ungowokubongwa kunye lamangqina amabini engcwele Boris kunye Gleb. Ngelishwa, le Imizobo yamandulo oseludongeni, leyo dumile kumaXesha Aphakathi, eSt George Cathedral, namhlanje bomhla phantse ebilahlekile. Kithi ngamaqhekeza amancinci kuphela imihombiso ezokuhombisa kwamathambeka windows inqaba kumntla-ntshona.

Indima ibandla

Isimo, leyo ukuba Yuriev Monastery e sithili Novgorod, kwakukhethekile. Ngokusekelwe izikhulu eliphezulu Russian, abekuyo iinkulungwane eziliqela baqubuda njengoko yokuqala ngokubaluleka phakathi kumaziko zonqulo yasekuhlaleni. Ngaxa lithile waze wabiza umxakatho eSt George kaThixo.

Ukususela ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi eSt George Cathedral yindawo yokuphumla lokugqibela kuba kuphela abathetheli Russian, kodwa abbots ze woonongendi kunye kusodolophu Novgorod.

Kwaye Rostislav Izyaslav, ngubani na godson ka Varlaam - Ngowe-1198, apha ezimbini oonyana Prince Yaroslav wangcwatywa. NgoJuni 1233 iintsalela kwaziswa apha kwaye Theodore Yaroslavich - umkhuluwa Aleksandra Nevskogo. kwiminyaka elishumi elinanye kamva, ngoMeyi 1224 kuqala, wafa kunye nomama wabo - Princess Theodosia Mstislavna. Kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, yathabatha yimonki, ngoko Yuriev Monastery eyaziwa ngokuba Euphrasinia. Princess wangcwatyelwa eludongeni ezantsi, ecaleni unyana omdala.

Phambi kokuba revolution,

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala elinesixhenxe, Yuriev Monastery ubunzima kanobom ezandleni abahlaseli Swedish luhlala Novgorod. Cathedral St. George kaThixo kwaba nobudlova ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa kule minyaka ezimbi ekuthinjweni, njengoko kuboniswa chroniclers, Providence kaThixo ngendlela emangalisayo eliphum 'hayi kuphela Novgorod, kodwa lo mkhuba lonke Russia. Baba ekufumaneni esele Saint Malibongwe Prince Theodore Yaroslavich. Ngesi siganeko emangalisayo qiniseka ukuxelela abatyeleli ngokuza apha kukhenketho.

Xa ngo-1614 amajoni Swedish, azigubungela lamalela abathintelwa ngaphezu nayiphi na imali, waqalisa esomba ingcwaba, bona ezithenjiweyo ukufunyanwa ubutyebi okanye ubuncinane oko ezithile ezixabisekileyo zithi amandla iinkosana zendawo. Bavula phantse zonke wangcwatywa Cathedral eSt George kaThixo. Ngo elinye ijoni bafumana iintsalela incorrupt ePrince Fedor. Amrholela ngaphandle engcwabeni waza isidumbu eludongeni. Ongakholelekiyo kukuba akukho umonakalo ixesha kusala umzimba xa umntu ophilayo.

Xa kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, intombi kuphela Count Alekseya Orlova-Chesmensky Anna, ilifa emva kokufa wethamsanqa elikhulu kayise, waphelelwa ngumdla kubomi bentlalo kwaye lizibophelele ubomi yokomoya, kuba inxalenye enkulu yemali ithunyelwe ukubuyisela Cathedral eSt George kaThixo. Archimandrite George Monastery ngelo xesha uPhotius, owathi kamva waba nguyise yakhe yokomoya. Eli xesha yaba "igolide" kuba Novgorod weemonki.

Zibuyisiwe Cathedral i eSt George, kungekhona nje kuphela kodwa ezinye izakhiwo, wakha izakhiwo ezintathu. Kungekudala emva koko, ukuba zakhiwe kwaye nenqaba yentsimbi.

emva kwempi

Ngeli xesha, leyo ibizwa ngokuba chroniclers of the Cross yiCawa, St George kaThixo Cathedral St. waseGeorge Monastery babelene isiphelo zonke ezinye nezigodlo Russian. Ngowe-1922, xa ukususwa impahla ibandla ukuba banxibe uhlobo epheleleyo kuphangwa, oko kunyibilike phantsi hayi wadubula kuphela ii icon izambatho kunye nempahla zonqulo, kodwa umhlaza St nesiliva. Teoctist.

Yaye encane kuphela exabiso ethunyelwe ziimyuziyam Russian. Xa ngo-1929 woonongendi ekugqibeleni ivaliwe, nabazalwana bakhe basinda saa. Aveza waze 1935, xa, ngexesha ukubuyiselwa bokwakha, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, yatshatyalaliswa iconostasis yakhe yomtshato esixhenxe.

Ke kaloku, ngoDisemba 1991, eSt George kaThixo Cathedral St. George xa Monastery njengenxalenye weemonki babuyiselwa sithili Novgorod, waba imaxongo kakhulu. itempile esihle, apho kwakungekho nelincinci icon enye, wadala kuba abasemagunyeni ingxaki wamazwi: ukuba agcine kwaye alondoloze olu eMonastri lamandulo ngayo.

Cathedral namhlanje

Ngowe-1995, xa cloister emishini eSt George waphila. Ngenxa yemigudu Archimandrite George Monastery, uBhishophu Novgorod kunye Staraya Russa, kwakunye abazalwana abambalwa abeza apha ukuze baphile kunye nomsebenzi, woonongendi waqalisa wokubavusa. Savuya unqulo ozinikeleyo, iicawa wambuyisela, icons ipeyinti ufumane noqoqosho.