Engcwabeni Kant e eKaliningrad (ifoto)

Ukufunda imbali bulumko, sifunda ulwazi olunomdla: kuvela, Immanuel Kant wazalwa waza wafela Königsberg. Kodwa lo mzi, ngaphambili yeharim East Prussia, ngoku ibekwe ngaphakathi Russian Federation wabiza Kaliningrad. Ngoko ke, ingcwaba Kant kaThixo, umseki bulumko German yamandulo, ifumaneka ngaphakathi kwemida yelizwe lethu. Isono ukuba Ungathatha ingqalelo oku yaye hayi ukutyelela Kaliningrad. Kodwa ukufumana indlela imikhondo sobulumko ebalaseleyo kwisixeko mihla? Oku kuya kunceda nqaku lethu. Kwaye idolophu ngokwayo phezu iziqithi ezininzi Kubalulekile ngokundwendwela. Maxa wambi zayi- Krulevets amagama Königsberg, Kaliningrad. Kodwa ngaphezu kwako konke, waba kwaye yeyona dolophu ikhaya kunye nendawo indawo yokuphumla Kant kaThixo.

Biography of the sobulumko enkulu,

Immanuel Kant wazalwa ngomhla wesibini-amabini ngo-Apreli 1724 ngo lwamnceda entsapho ngokwanelisayo esisityebi wenza Izihlalo. imivuzo ephezulu uyise ukuba inkwenkwe ukuya kufunda esikolweni igrama lubalulekileyo "Friedrichs-Collegium", uze ufake University of Königsberg. Kodwa wafa uyise, Immanuel Kant kunyanzeleke ukuba asishiye. Ukuze ndondle intsapho yakhe, waqala ukufundisa. Yaba ngeli xesha ukuba uhamba kuqala ngaphandle kwesixeko zakowabo. Kant waba ngumkhapheli. Ngeli thuba, i-nzulu entsha iphuhlise hypothesis ngemvelaphi inkqubo elanga, nto leyo eye bungalahleki kwesinomhlwa ukufaneleka kwayo ixesha lethu. Ukupapashwa lo msebenzi wenza kube lula ukuba wokukhusela ithisisi Kant. SobuGqirha unelungelo ukuba abe ngunjingalwazi. Ukususela 1770 ukuya 1797 wayebafundisa Scientist ngokwasemzimbeni, izifundo lwezibalo nentanda-bulumko kwi kwiyunivesithi isixeko zakowabo. Kuthiwa ukuba yonke le minyaka imashumi mabini anesithoba kant Wagqitha ukusuka ekhaya ukuya kusebenza le ndlela inye. Wafa umphengululi kakuhle ohlonitshwayo ukuyotsho Februwari 1804. Ingcwaba kant yaba zokugqibela crypt professorial le Cathedral Cathedral of Koenigsberg.

Igalelo lemibono umhlaba

Xa iminyaka yobomi, ISAZINZULU ekule yiEnlightenment. Kant, Noko ke, ngaphambi kwexesha layo. Xa kwafika Enkulu French Revolution (ka1789), uvuyo lokutshintsha lifikelele kwidolophu encinane East Prussia. Yonke watyala "imithi inkululeko". Kant, Noko ke, wahlala elukhuni. "Botshintsho olululo enkulu - ndim", - ngokutsho legend, wathi yena. Kwaye ukhwankqe kunene. imisebenzi Yakhe 'amadlala Isizathu Olunyulu "(on obunzulu),' amadlala Isizathu Practical" (nokuziphatha) kunye 'amadlala yoMgwebo "(bayo) - yaguqula ifilosofi yaseYurophu. Sinokuthi ayisekho ngaphandle iimfundiso kant wayeza ngeziphumo Hegel, Marx kunye nezinye iinkcuba ezininzi German. Le ndoda yawangenisa bulumko lwengqondo ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha. Ngoko ke, engcwabeni Immanuel Kant e eKaliningrad kuhlala indawo oluya.

umngcwabo

Ukufa ke sobulumko yale ubukhulu iye yavuselela lesayensi lonke, kodwa idolophu yakowabo, njengoko kant wazazi Königsberg abaselula nabakhulileyo ngokufanayo. ngexesha lakhe kaHomer. Ngokutsho uprofesa, wemka ukuhamba, baloo dolophu ukuvumelanisa iiwotshi. Ngoko ke, ufikelelo umzimba uswelekileyo khe ndiye kubulisa yathatha iintsuku elinesithandathu. Kwebhokisi emngcwabeni olwenziwe ezingamashumi amabini anesine umfundi waseyunivesithi kakhulu abanetalente. Zazilandelwa ngamagosa ikampu Königsberg, yaye emva kwayo - isihlwele esikhulu abantu bedolophu. Ekuqaleni, ingcwaba kant kukuba engcwabeni lo njingalwazi ubudala, nto leyo ezikufutshane kwicala elingasentla Cathedral. Esi sakhiwo ngobukhulu, eyenziwe indlela iBaltic Gothic, ekuqaleni kwaba ikakhulu ibandla lobuKatolika, yaye kamva waba yamaLuthere. Engcwabeni yaba othi: "Immanuel Kant. enye zobulumko inkulu ehlabathini ubuxoki apha. "

ingcwaba Modern kant e-Kaliningrad

Ingcwaba photo ayihambelani ibali lethu elidlulileyo. Inyaniso kukuba ngo-1809, ecaweni professorial ezidilikileyo kwaye sachithwa. Endaweni yawo udonga olungaphandle yomntla yecawa kwavula igalari. Sasinenani igama sobulumko enkulu - "Ukuma cantiano". Esi sakhiwo wema de-1880. Yi isikhumbuzo bicentennial lo bulumko (1924) ingcwaba kant kuye ibe sisikhumbuzo. uyilo lwalo waphuhliswa ngumzobi Fridrih Lars, injinga oyintloko - Hugo Stinnes. Zisivulela iholo evulekileyo enezintlu ukuze zingqonge cenotaph - ibhokisi ngamatye. Le sarcophagus lokomfuziselo amanxiwa sobulumko ayikho kuyo, naphantsi Iizilebhu zetempile. style Xitsundzuxo kwahlukile kuzo zonke umhombiso Cathedral.

Events Second World War

Königsberg amaNazi zadlula nzima. Ukuze isixeko amadabi nababekhohlakele wamagazi. Ngo-Agasti 1944, amaNgesi kusonjululwa aseMelika umoya Königsberg. Emva koko, ngo-Aprili 1945, oko baqalisa ekhubekisayo omkhulu eSoviet. Ngenxa yezi amadabi ezitratweni yayifana mhlaba kwenyanga. Akukho kwakungasekho yecawa okanye iholo wesikhumbuzo columned. Kodwa ingcwaba Kant ngayo (iifoto ezo minyaka le show) ezigcinwe zikwimeko ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngokwanelisayo. Ke abemi wabona oku umqondiso - Königsberg Uvukile eluthuthwini.

ekhuselweyo State into

Ngoko ke, lo mzi lwaba eKaliningrad waza waba yinxalenye eSoviet Union. Noko ke, wesithandathu urhulumente 'yelizwe "kuphela 1960, ukhumbula ukuba yangaphambili Königsberg efihlakeleyo Immanuel Kant. Kwelabafileyo sobulumko (ilitye kunye evarandeni) inombolo Ndiwise 1327 of the RSFSR liBhunga laBaphathiswa, sele ibhengeziwe "indawo yexabiso yenkcubeko kwinqanaba federal lommandla Kaliningrad." Le amagama angenzi ithetha ukuba ukususela ngoku kukubuyisela kwayo lesikhumbuzo ziya kwabelwa imali. Ixesha lokugqibela engcwabeni salungiswa ngo-1996. Kuyinto nangoku ezikufutshane kwimbombo mpuma isonto evela ngaphandle esandleni sakhe. Ivala imihlathi yayo kwakhona ibuyisiwe.

Kant iindlela

Kakade ke, yinto elula ukuba emva kweminyaka emininzi kangaka iimfazwe agcine indlu apho kokuba azalwe waza wahlala ngunozala bulumko German yamandulo. Kodwa ke indawo apho kwakukho esi sakhiwo uyaziwa. Ukuba sihlolisisa eKaliningrad befuna Kant, kuyimfuneko ukuqala naye. Le-A 40 Inombolo yendlu kwi Leninsky Prospekt. Kukho ilitye lesikhumbuzo. Malunga nendlu oyinzalelwane bulumko ngo-1864 yaba ilitye ubhedu Kant. Kuye uphose eBerlin. Ngowe-1885, i-lesikhumbuzo wafuduselwa Paradenplats. Emva kwemfazwe, ubelahlekile. Kodwa ngo-1992 yakhiwa ngendlela iifoto ezindala. Ke kaloku lesikhumbuzo ukuya sobulumko ime epakini kwi University Street. Buphi na ke kwingcwaba Kant? Apho ngonaphakade. Kuyinto omelene kwicala olungaphandle Cathedral. Netempile iphambili isixeko lakhiwe kwisiqithi Kneiphof.

uphawu emzini

EKaliningrad, naphezu kwayo yonke imigudu abasemagunyeni ukuba depersonalize kuyo, ayinike ukuvela "nemihlakulwana" ndiyingwevu, ikwazile ukugcina charm yaseYurophu. Island, iibhulorho ebixhamla ubuncwane, Gothic Cathedral ukuba uzive kamnandi apha. Evelele kakhulu ngokuphathelele kulo Kneiphof. Liguqulelwe, lithetha "Le zokutyela intendelezo". babehlala apha kanye isixeko esisityebi. Kamsinya nje umntu ukuze ufumane imali, yena baphupha azinze kwi Kneiphof. Kumgangatho wokuqala nendlu entle waba ezininzi cafes kunye zokutyela. -ngomtsalane siqithi igxininisa Cathedral, nto leyo adjoined yi ingcwaba Kant kaThixo. E Kaliningrad, ifoto kwisakhiwo yesikhumbuzo isoloko isetyenziswa njenge "ikhadi ubiza 'umzi.