Ebola: i okuthatha. Indlela onakaliswe ne Ebola

isifo Ebola "ezafika" abemi ka-West Afrika. Le ntsholongwane singene kunye namanye amazwe amaninzi. Kubonakele kwi UK, USA. fever, i-World Health Organization ibhengeze usongo amazwe ehlabathini jikelele. Uzizuze phi kwafika eli sifo esibulalayo? Eliyingozi yiEbola? Ithuba elisuke, iimpawu, unyango kunye izifo ngoku ebangela imbambano.

Yintoni yiEbola?

Yithi nesiqiniseko apho ndavela khona, nendlela intsholongwane lumosulele kuqala umntu, akukho mntu. Kodwa ke wazalwa e-Afrika. Kuba okokuqala kwindawo yokuqala ngo-1976. Ngoko ke, akukho intsholongwane entsha. Emva ngo-1976, izifo zibonakala kwiindawo ezininzi. Nangona kunjalo, le ntsholongwane ifumaneka Zaire (ngoku Congo -) kunxweme iEbola River. Ngenxa yoko got igama layo.

Xa emzimbeni, intsholongwane ebangela esi sifo, ogama esemthethweni - ukopha fever Ebola. Amafoto abantu abosulelekileyo nje engaginyisi mathe! Izinga lokufa ifikelela phantse 90%. Kwaye into embi Ebola amaxhoba abakulindele zokonga sokugonya. It nje ayikho. Nditsho unyango kulo mbuzo. Ngapha koko, le arhente ezisemthethweni fever noba.

fever-2014

A ugqabuko olutsha ezibhalwe Guinea ngoDisemba 2013. Usulelo ne swiftness eliphezulu waqalisa ukusasaza kumazwe angabamelwane. izigulane Ebola babhaliswa ku Sierra Leone, iLiberia, Nigeria. Ukutyhubela imbali intsholongwane kokuqhambuka luyingozi kakhulu.

abantu abosulelwe engabakhawulelanga kuphela kwiNtshona Afrika. oogqirha ezimbini American, amavolontiya uyichole yintsholongwane ukuqhambuka umkhuhlane. Kwi-US, oku kuye kwabangela yokothuka ngokwenene. Ngapha koko, nomonde omnye kuphela ukuba esi sifo isasazeke ngokukhawuleza kwilizwe liphela.

Kwi ugqirha-isigulane evuma ngokupheleleyo yahlola ichiza elitsha zovavanyo. Ukumphilisa kuba Ebola intsholongwane - yenkampani biotech e San Diego. Njengoko umzimba womntu uya kusabela kuyo kweli chiza, Asizanga sive ukuba yiko. Ngapha koko, yemifuniselo lwenziwa kuphela iinkawu. Xa zonke iimpawu Ebola e loogqirha bedolag bakhona, baye banikwa ichiza zovavanyo. Emva kweyure, iimpawu fever aqala ukuncipha.

Indlela Ebola gciwane?

Kucingeleka ukuba "abazali 'zentsholongwane yaqala ukuze aqubude kuzo iziqhamo (ebizwa kwakhona flying fox). Naso ukuze iinkawu (iigorila, iinkawu, bangafani), incanda, neula amahlathi kunye nezinye izilwanyana.

Njani Ebola umntu? Ekuqaleni kokuba sivela kwizilwanyana. Le ntsholongwane ayihambi ngokusebenzisa bodwa kunye namathe. Ngoko ke, ukuba nyani ogulayo phina okanye elunyiwe, umntu aze wosuleleke. Ukongeza, iqela umngcipheko kuquka abazingeli kuxhelwa izidumbu zezilwanyana.

Indlela Ebola abosulelwe abantu abangekho ukudibana kunye nezilwanyana? Ngelishwa, umntu omnye kwanele makathathe gciwane. Kwaye ngoko ke isasazwa ecaleni chain. Le ntsholongwane ngegazi kanye yonke neencindi zomzimba. Ngoko ke, nkqu ngexesha kiss uyakwazi ukufumana isifo esibulalayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bazi ukuba yi-Ebola, abagulayo ngokwabo. Maxa wambi, ngaphandle utsaleleka inxeba zincinane akubonakali ngeliso lenyama, babutha intsholongwane. Kukho iimeko ezininzi zokugula Afrika, kwabafileyo. Ngapha koko, nkqu umzimba womfi esosulelayo. Gcobisa ntsholongwane yaye ngenxa uqhagamshelane kunye izinto eziye abosulelekileyo ngumntu ogulayo.

symptomatology kwesifo

Ukuba ngengcamango emalunga nendlela Ebola isasazeka, kunokwenzeka ukuba baqaphele iimpawu uphawu esi sifo.

Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni yaphuhliswa sisifo njengomkhuhlane. Ngelo isanda luphawulwa kulandelayo features Ebola:

• intloko;
• ukuphakamisa iqondo lobushushu ukuya degrees 39-40;
• iyangongoza intliziyo;
• ubuhlungu imisipha;
• ukhohlokhohlo owomileyo, umqala obuhlungu;
• ubuhlungu esifubeni;
• ubuso amimichnost, amehlo ezazikayo.

Ngakumbi ukuqhubeka kwesifo uphawuleka iimpawu ezintsha. Uvela ngomhla 2 okanye 3:

• ukuphalaza;
• iintlungu esiswini;
• sorhudo kunye elimsulwa igazi.

Ngomhla wesithathu, ngamanye amaxesha ngosuku lwesine ngokucacileyo ukopha syndrome. yokopha waphawula kwi abelungu yamehlo. Ulusu amalungu angaphakathi, baqale exesheni.

5-7 lunikeza morbilliform angawokubhuda. Ngokweliso kukhangeleka ngathi amabala abomvu. Kulo mzekelo, isigulane abanazo ukurhawuzelela. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, on-site irhashalala kuvela yokuzikhwebula. Eyona basengozini kakhulu ngokoyiswa kwicala elingaphakathi umlenze negxalaba. Xa izigulane abanengxaki silale, ukudideka. Ngamanye amaxesha sifo ibonakalisiwe uphawu esahlukileyo - uphazamisekile.

yeentsuku ezi-8-9 Ukopha ebuchotsheni olubanzi, ukothuka ityhefu ezikhokelela nokwehla okukhulu uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ngelo xesha, kungenzeka ukufa.

Ukuba ukufa sele ziphetshwe, imeko ukuphuculwa kubonwa ngomhla 10-12. Ogulayo lobushushu eqhelekileyo. Isigulane iqala ukuya kwi izilungiso. Le nkqubo ihlala kwiinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwemi-3.

okuthatha

Kubalulekile ukuqonda oko ixesha ixesha ngazo izifo. Inkoliso imithombo babekholelwa ukuba izifo ezifana Ebola, lo okuthatha uvela iintsuku ezi-2 ukuya kuma-21. avareji Isithuba phakathi kwinkqubo yosulelo kwaye ukuvela ezisukela 3 ukuya kwezisi-9. Ngokuqhelekileyo, eli xesha kwanele ukubonisa zonke ubungxathu Ebola. Ithuba elisuke, kufuneka iqondwe, kodwa ihlala ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-21. Ngoko ke, esi sifo zenzeke ngayo nayiphi na kwezi ntsuku.

iqela ubungozi

Ngokuqinisekileyo akukho namnye unokuqhayisa ukhuseleka intsholongwane esoyikekayo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindidi abantu abaninzi basemngciphekweni wosulelo:

1. Oogqirha, owathi ngenxa ngokwemisebenzi banyanzelwa ukuba ukunyanga izigulana.
2. Mhlawumbi nangakumbi emngciphekweni izalamane sifo. Ngapha koko, zibhekiswa banikwe umsebenzi wokunyamekela abagulayo.
3. Xa uhlobo olulodwa abazingeli kuma.

isifo izifo

Ekuqaleni zihlalutywe imbali kwezifo. Ngamanye amazwi, esekwe isibakala yomguli kummandla oluhlelelekileyo. Siye sifunde ithuba zoqhagamshelwano kunye nomntu owosulelekileyo. Ukuba kungenzeka enjalo, kuba uxilongo oluthandabuzekayo "Ebola". Ithuba elisuke, njengoko sele sibonile, ziintsuku ezingama-21. Ngeli xesha, isigulane kufuneka esibhedlele.

ezilandelayo uphando olwenziwa kweli thuba:

1. Ukuhlolisisa izikhalazo kunye nembali nomonde. Ingqalelo ihlawulwa kweli xesha ukwandisa lobushushu, ukopha omkhulu, ilindle enamanzi kunye nobukho igazi, njalo-njalo.
2. uphethwe Virological. Uhlola fluid eziphilayo. Ukususela igazi, intsholongwane ekwanti amathe yoluntu kunye nokuqalisa ibe umzimba wesilwanyana kwelebhu. Yena phantsi esweni ukuze kuchongwe uphuhliso uphawu inkqubo ezosulelayo.
3. uphethwe serological. Ngoncedo omzimba ukuyibona intsholongwane gciwane. Kwixesha elizayo, zama ukunciphisa.
4. thethwano isifo esosulelayo.

unyango fever

izigulane Ebola compulsorily esibhedlele ezibhokisini ezizodwa. abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kuphela kuvunyelwa ukuba ukunyanga izigulane ezinjalo. Ngelishwa, akukho liphuhlise inkqubo ecacileyo ekuvumela ukuba kuyilwa le sifo njengoko Ebola. Treatment, iquka oku kulandelayo:

• abafumana antivirals;
• lokuphatha ukuba immunoglobulin donor - umzimba yokhuselo iyathathwa abantu okanye amahashe abafumana ubunzima, yaye ngenxa yoko abazazi ntsholongwane.

unyango therapeutic kuyehla neempawu yokulwa:

• alale;
• ukutya ukutya, ukutya semi-wamanzi;
• ulawulo glucose okanye saline izisombululo, ukuba isigulane waphawula ukuba ityhefu eyomeleleyo emzimbeni;
• vitamin (ascorbic acid, _B6, PP);
• zegazi igazi (onikelayo) ukuba kuqheleke ekunqandeni igazi;
• iziyobisi antipyretic;
• Ihaemodialysis - igazi ukucocwa inkqubo yokwenziwa kidney ityhefu, leyo uvelisa intsholongwane;
• antibiotics kuphuhliso yeengxaki iintsholongwane lomlinganiswa.

Ingaba lukhona unyango yiEbola?

Lo mbuzo ohlupha kuphela izigulane ngokwabo. Wamlenya izihlwele ngokubanzi kwabantu, amava ukoyika nobhubhani kunokwenzeka. Le njongo, izazinzulu uzama ukukhusela abantu ejamelene isisongelo ingozi. Nangona namhlanje amanyathelo kakhulu ekungaqinisekwanga ukulwa izifo ezifana unyango Ebola, wavele, ziya kufumaneka kungekudala.

Ngaphandle kokuba igosa lokugonya okwangoku kubhaliswa, iziyobisi ezininzi ezinokuba sele yasungulwa. Yokuqinisekisa olothusayo lobuninzi oku ichiza Esalingwayo ethe ivavanywe ngoogqirha American. Hayi kude emva kwaye corporation waseKhanada zamayeza, ukudala ichiza ukuba ukulwa nomkhuhlane.

ERussia nabo zehla. Kufuphi naseNovosibirsk ukuphuhlisa iinkqubo zovavanyo ukuba ukuxilonga yintsholongwane eyingozi. Kwaba khona, kweli ziko yenzululwazi "Vector", uyasebenza kwi ekudalweni isitofu nezizodwa Ebola. Nanamhlanje, ichiza elitsha uvavanywa kwizilwanyana. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi bona ngokwabo iziko ukugcina lonke ulwazi oluyimfihlo.

Ngenxa yoko, siyathemba ukuba kungekudala kakhulu isitofu sogonyo nezizodwa umkhuhlane esibulalayo uya kuthi thaca kwinginginya yabantu.

Prevention kunye nezindululo

Lo mbuzo ukhuseleko labantu ukusuka gciwane lingaphumi kabukhali. Eneneni, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku abangabhaliswanga meko kuqinisekiswa yosulelo kweli lizwe. Kodwa ke, ngenjongo zothintelo kufuneka bawuqhele ezinye iingcebiso. Avumela ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha athathe onke amanyathelo ayimfuneko ukwenzela ukuba bagcina kumaxhoba Ebola.

izincomo Key:

1. Ukwenzela ukuthintela amathuba osulelo nangecesina kufuneka kushiywa ngokundwendwela i-West kunye namazwe Central African.
2. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, uhambo ukuya kwiindawo lingasentla kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iimaski protective. Ukuba bazame ukuphepha iindawo ezixineneyo ukuba kunokwenzeka musa qhagamshelana nabantu abagulayo.
3. Ngokwemiqathango zothintelo kufuneka rhoqo pholisa igumbi, ukuvelisa ukucoca imanzi, ngenyameko ulandele imigaqo yococeko. Akukho mfuneko ukwenza ukuthenga kwiindawo engagunyaziswanga zorhwebo.
4. Ukuba urhanela isifo Ebola kufuneka kwambatha imaski uze ufune unyango ngoko nangoko.
5. Xa ndibuya kuhambo ukuba iimpawu efana kancinane Ebola, kufuneka ngokukhawuleza udibane yincutshe. Ugqirha kufuneka anike ingcaciso epheleleyo malunga amazwe abaseleyo. Qiniseka ukuba ukhankanye ixesha lokuhamba.

isiphelo

Kutshanje, eli zentsholongwane Ebola akucaci, aze umfazi fever badumele ukuba bayinto, kude kakhulu: yokuguguma ndaweni ithile e-Afrika, athathe amanyathelo ukuyeka esi sifo. Kodwa iindaba isigulane evela UK abaphila oogqirha ukusuka Merika ethile ntsholongwane usongo ngokwaneleyo.

Noko ke, musa ukothuka. Rospotrebnadzor uthi baseRashiya akukho zisemngciphekweni bhubhane. Noko ke, ukuba aye lizwe West Afrika kufuneka kushiywa. Kodwa kwamanye amazwe ungaya ngaphandle koloyiko ukuba i "njengesikhumbuzo" soyikwa. Emva olwenziwe amanyathelo angqongqo zokulawula nako ukukhusela nxamnye gciwane. Kodwa ekubuyeni kwakhe ufanele uphulaphule ngenyameko emzimbeni wakho. Emva okuthatha ndandingenampilo krakra sisaqhubeka iintsuku ezingama-21.