Custom - yintoni na le nto? Imizekelo zomthetho, yesizwe, amasiko esizwe kunye nezenzo zoshishino

Custom - ngokwembali akuvelanga ulawulo ukungaphangalali wokuziphatha, nto leyo ivezwa kwiqela elithile zentlalo okanye uluntu uba oqhele ukuya kumalungu ayo. Njengoko indlela eneenkcukacha wesiNtu izenzo sisetyenziselwe imeko ethile, ezifana nendlela yokuphatha amalungu entsapho yakho, ukusombulula iingxabano, indlela yokwakha nobudlelwane kwezoshishino, njl izenzo lixesha badla indawo kunye nexesha entsha, kungakuhle ukuba iimfuno zale mihla.

"Isiko Umthetho omdala '- ngoko ke itsho Ushakov magama. Makhe sijonge imizekelo yeendlela kwaye izame ukumisela ukuba yintoni na kwiinkalo ezahlukileyo zobomi zoluntu.

Njalo uba zokuziphatha ipatheni siko?

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, isiko busenza ukuba iipateni zokuziphatha. Kodwa akwazi ayisoloko ukudlala indima kweekhowudi zokuziphatha, njengoko wonke umntu ithuba lokuba ukhethe enye iindlela ugwayimbo olungakho, kuxhomekeke izinto zabo, iinjongo okanye iinjongo.

A izithethe zentlalo amasiko akhiwa kuphela xa imeko beyenza nokuba nolwazi olwenziwayo lwesampulu ethile yokuziphatha kwabantu kule meko. Ukuba ulandele isiko endalo kwaye ifuna akukho ndlela zonyanzeliso okanye ulawulo phezu kubulawa, umcimbi uba norm loluntu yokuziphatha.

Umzekelo ukuvela ngokwesiko lomthetho

Ukuba siko - kuba zithetha njani ezineengcambu kwindlela yokuziphatha, nto leyo eligunyazisiweyo lelo gunya karhulumente - ngoko ke wamkela ubume komthetho.

Formation kwezenzo esemthethweni ziziphumo iminyaka yamava (kwaye ukuba lwahluke umthetho ebhaliweyo). Umzekelo, ukuba ukudala inkqubo kwamalungelo abantu zaseCaucasus (besive Russian Federation) uye waba negalelo elikhulu kuphela umthetho Russian kunye nezithethe ka elifuna, kodwa eminyaka ubudala isithethe hlobo.

Ezi, Kakade, iquka intlonipho abadala kusapho (ngayo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ezinxulumene kwaye isenzeko edume obude abaseAfrika). Okanye, umzekelo, ngokwesiko umda zoqhagamshelwano usapho phakathi kwabantu ubudlelwane igazi ezahlukeneyo (umolokazana endlwini akakwazi ukuhlangabezana nokuba ngempazamo) - zonke ezi zenzo ziye ezifumene iwonga kwemimiselo yezomthetho, eyendeleyo-mthetho.

Ukuba zomthetho, amasiko kunye nokubaluleka zomthetho zezi: oko kukuthi inkundla okanye elinye igunya loluntu ubhekisele kuzo njengomthombo yomthetho.

Ukuba ixhaswa yi amagunya karhulumente, uhlala kwinqanaba eyeyona ngemihla yokuziphatha. Umzekelo, eli siko wempindezelo yegazi eCaucasus wavalwa ngokomthetho, kodwa eneneni kuqhubeka khona, okanye isithethe yesizwe nokuxubana "kuhlamba" zonke isiganeko ebalulekileyo kusapho okanye emsebenzini, nto leyo nayo kude watsho ilwa umthetho.

Yintoni na le wobugqwetha: umzekelo

Phela, qaphela ukuba ugunyaziso ngesithethe elisemthethweni oluqhutywa ngohlobo kokuba kuye, yaye ukuba imikhondo yayo ebekwe phantsi ngumthetho. Ukuba ukudityaniswa kwenzeka, umthombo umthetho kuba ngokwesiko kunye ummiselo, ayidlalileyo kuyo.

Imizekelo kuzo ongabhalwanga, nto leyo ngexesha layo yaphuhliswa ezimele ilungelo ukuvula iseshoni yokuqala lepalamente elisanda kunyulwa yanikwa iminyaka ukubaleka usekela. Kule entsha Russian siseko (Art. 3, Art. 99), le nkqubo ifumene isiqinisekiso ngokusemthethweni, ngokufanelekileyo, amandla omthetho aphezulu.

Impefumlelwano inomthetho nemimiselo

Kufuneka kwakhona ingqalelo ubudlelwane phakathi kwemimiselo yezomthetho kwaye ezikhoyo na amasiko yoluntu. Indlela ukuba basebenzisane imigaqo ebekwe phantsi ngumthetho ongaqhelekanga kunye namasiko lokuba amaqela ezithile zentlalo okanye amacandelo oluntu?

Inkoliso yezi buhlobo wanciphiswa embodiments ezingundoqo ezimbalwa.

• Iluncedo ukuba urhulumente kunye noluntu nezenzo zixhaswa ngokwemimiselo yomthetho kunye nokuphunyezwa kwabo, iimeko (intlonipho kubadala, ukukhathalela abantwana, izinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka kwi zokuphatha impahla, njalo njalo. N.).
• imigangatho zomthetho zifakwe ngamathuba athile kwaye ngokugxotha yingozi masiko yoluntu, ezifana, ngokomzekelo, ukuselwa kotywala ngokugqithisileyo, okanye neentlanga, ikhazi, ayilwa, ixabiso umtshakazi kunye neminye imigaqo ka elifuna. Kukho amasiko anxulumene yobuhlanga okanye zonqulo ukunganyamezelani, ezo ngokwemvelo kunqunyulwa karhulumente.
• Kwezinye iimeko, izithethe zomthetho abayikhathalelanga namasiko, sigcine ukuba zinxulumene kubudlelwane nabanye okanye ukuziphatha kwabathengi.

Imizekelo nokubopha zomthetho amasiko esizwe

Xa siko lithi libe yohlobo sezomthetho zinyanzeliswe indlela yolawulo karhulumente, kuba indawo womelele ngakumbi.

Ngokomzekelo, amasiko yamandulo ziqhelekile nkqubo woluntu kwiilali Russian. Baye de kwenkulungwane yama-20. aba sisiseko ezenzo zomthetho lokusetyenziswa komhlaba kunye nobudlelwane ilizwe. Zonke neengxabano ezivela ngexesha ukusetyenziswa kwe kwisabelo, zisonjululwe kwi intlanganiso kwilali yesikhumba, waza wabhenela kwinkundla kuphela kwiimeko apho omnye amaqela ingqalelo ukuba isigqibo ubulungisa.

. Lo mgaqo wenkundla umthetho onjalo, umzekelo, imiba efana umonakalo izityalo iinkomo, ROOTN (lunyhasho imida ngelixa Ukuchetywa), ngokuhlwayela nesinqumka osecaleni, njl ubukhulu becala bizela kanye namasiko kubabuyisela yomonakalo elilingana impembelelo okanye imisele ixabiso layo: "Wena owahlwayela emzileni yam endiya kuthi ngayo ndiyihlwayele bakho; "" kuba isivuno okuziinkozo ivunwe esime yodaka ngokungekho mthethweni - umnini watshisa izitha-8, kwaye 8.5 -. ukusebenza "

Ukuzalana umthetho wobukhaya kokuhlambeleyo eRashiya

Noko ke, kulo mkhuba lezobulungisa Russian Federation mihla kunqabile kusetyenziswa iimbekiselo ukuba umthetho wesiNtu, ekubeni kude kube ngoku akukho livelise ngokupheleleyo yaye yathatha ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo inkqubo ezinzileyo yezomthetho nokuphila uluntu lusaqhubeka lutshintsha, nto leyo ethintela ukudaleka inkqubo izenzo zona ukuze ube ngumthombo yomthetho.

Kodwa lizwe olukhula ngokukhawuleza umkhuba enze izivumelwano yoluntu, ezisekelwe ekuhlonipheni imithetho eqhelekileyo kunye nezenzo kwaye ukuyilwa ngendlela efanayo ngayo iikhowudi corporate. Custom - umthombo yomthetho, apho kusebenzayo kakhulu kule ndawo komthetho yabucala, njengoko kukho nxaxheba zomthetho nezobudlelwane abe nenkululeko ethile yokuzikhethela.

Yintoni nezenzo zoshishino?

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, isithethe zomthetho mhlawumbi yeyona yanwenwa emyalelweni yoluntu. Code Civil ikhankanya ukuba isiko ingeniso yoshishino - umthetho esekwe kakuhle yokuziphatha esebenzayo ngokubanzi kwindawo ethile zamashishini, hayi imiselwe ngumthetho kwaye akukhathaliseki nokuba oko kuxwebhu ethile okanye kubhalwe.

Ngokomzekelo, ngoMvulo qho amashishini eRashiya ukuze aqhube iintlanganiso zocwangciso, yokuhamba kweeteksi kwizixeko ezininzi kweli lizwe ukuze ahlawule ngqo emnyango, yaye e Irkutsk, ngokuchasene - xa uphuma okanye ngexesha thethwano ziqhuba cafe okanye indawo yokutyela, ukuba akunjalo axeliwe ngakumbi, ladies ngokwabo musa ungazalisi. Ezi zinto ekunokuthiwa, kunye ukuxhawula, ngokwenjenjalo siqinisa isiphumo nasiphi na isivumelwano kunye nokunyaniseka apho abe irisithi, ingqinisiswe utyikityo njalo njalo. N.

Uphuhliso Enterprise yaba negalelo ukuvela imithetho emitsha kwizenzo zoshishino kunye noshishino. Zihambelana imithetho ekhoyo kwezo meko apho yokugqibela akakwazi ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo iimfuno nasiphi na isigaba unxulumano zoshishino. Ngoko ke, ngo Art. 309 of the Code Civil olukhankanywe, umzekelo, ukuba izibophelelo kufuneka ngqo ukutshatisa okufunwa ngumthetho okanye imigaqo, okanye ukungabikho kwayo - amasiko ingeniso yeshishini. A link ofanayo art. 82 equlethwe Customs Code of the Russian Federation.

Indlela ukuba ahlalisane amasiko esemazweni eRashiya?

Izizwe Russian bamele amaqela amaninzi uhlanga isiko ezahlukeneyo, amasiko kunye nezenzo. Esi sikhundla kuyo yonke imbali karhulumente babelawula imfuneko ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo into wesizwe ummiselo osemthethweni.

Maxa wambi, isimo sengqondo karhulumente ukuya amathuba ukusetyenziswa namasiko ezahlukeneyo: ekumlandeleni umgaqo nenkululeko engenkqubela-phambili bambalwa kazwelonke Ukumiselwa nobutyala ngezigqibo evela amasiko abantu bomthonyama nya.

Kodwa eRashiya, kungakhathaliseki ukuba segunya, bekusoloko kukho inkqubo yezomthetho yemveli, ukudala imeko maxa wambi ummiselo kabini. Hi ndlela leyi, iye yasinda kwada kwanamhla, kunjalo, ukuya kwinqanaba entsha yentsebenziswano phakathi kwe HIV (ngurhulumente) kunye nelungelo yemveli.

isiphelo

Njengoko kubonakala ngentla apha, eli siko - ipateni lokuziphatha ingaba ngumthombo yomthetho. Masiko modified: inxenye kubo kuqaliswa inkqubo zentlalo, abanye - abantu ebekwe amacandelo athile oluntu, ezinye - yalupheleyo, shwaka.

Amasiko asebenze imithetho ukongeza umthetho, kwakunye lathisi efanelekileyo kunokwenzeka umphefumlo wezinto zonke njengelungu lombutho woluntu, zidalwe ngabantu, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo kunegalelo ekunyuseni umgangatho inkcubeko zomthetho, kwakunye nokwanda amava kobudlelane phakathi kwabahlali karhulumente, befuna nokumisa obabo lwentando ebanzi.